May 2022 arXiv papers — page 111

Nafaa Nacereddine, Djemel Ziou, Aicha Baya Goumeidane

Since the Radon transform (RT) consists in a line integral function, some modeling assumptions are made on Computed Tomography (CT) system, making image reconstruction analytical methods, such as Filtered Backprojection (FBP), sensitive to artifacts and noise. In the other hand, recently, a new integral transform, called Scale Space Radon Transform (SSRT), i

Lauren Partin, Gianluca Geraci, Ahmad Rushdi, Michael S. Eldred

We analyze the regression accuracy of convolutional neural networks assembled from encoders, decoders and skip connections and trained with multifidelity data. Besides requiring significantly less trainable parameters than equivalent fully connected networks, encoder, decoder, encoder-decoder or decoder-encoder architectures can learn the mapping between inp

Renato G. Bettiol, Emilio A. Lauret

We show that spheres in all dimensions $\geq3$ can be deformed to have diameter larger than the distance between any pair of antipodal points. This answers a question of Yurii Nikonorov.

Fabian Jan Schwarzendahl, Daniel A. Beller

Recent studies have shown that packings of cells, both eukaryotic cellular tissues and growing or swarming bacterial colonies, can often be understood as active nematic fluids. A key property of volume-conserving active nematic model systems is chaotic self-mixing characterized by motile topological defects. However, for active nematics driven by growth rath

Sergey Arkhipov, Mikhail Mazin

We use Drinfeld style generators and relations to define an algebra $\mathfrak{U}_n$ which is a ``$q=0$'' version of the affine quantum group of $\mathfrak{gl}_n.$ We then use the convolution product on the equivariant $K$-theory of varieties of pairs of partial flags in a $d$-dimensional vector space $V$ to define affine $0$-Schur algebras ${\mathbb S}_0^{\

Canran Wang, Netanel Raviv

We define all-to-all encode, a collective communication operation serving as a primitive in decentralized computation and storage systems. Consider a scenario where every processor initially has a data packet and requires a linear combination of all data packets; the linear combinations are distinct from one processor to another, and are specified by a gener

Juan Pablo Aguilera, Martín Diéguez, David Fernández-Duque, Brett McLean

We consider G\"odel temporal logic ($\sf GTL$), a variant of linear temporal logic based on G\"odel--Dummett propositional logic. In recent work, we have shown this logic to enjoy natural semantics both as a fuzzy logic and as a superintuitionistic logic. Using semantical methods, the logic was shown to be {\sc pspace}-complete. In this paper we provide a de

Sam Blackshear, John Mitchell, Todd Nowacki, Shaz Qadeer

The Move language provides abstractions for programming with digital assets via a mix of value semantics and reference semantics. Ensuring memory safety in programs with references that access a shared, mutable global ledger is difficult, yet essential for the use-cases targeted by Move. The language meets this challenge with a novel memory model and a modul

Le Xie, Xiangtian Zheng, Yannan Sun, Tong Huang

This article presents a use-inspired perspective of the opportunities and challenges in a massively digitized power grid. It argues that the intricate interplay of data availability, computing capability, and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm development are the three key factors driving the adoption of digitized solutions in the power grid. The impact

Raphael Floris

We show that every topological n-manifold M admits a locally flat closed embedding $\iota\colon M \hookrightarrow \mathbb{R}^{2n+1}$ and is a retract of some neighbourhood $U \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{2n+1}$

Steve Huntsman

Magnitude and (co)weightings are quite general constructions in enriched categories, yet they have been developed almost exclusively in the context of Lawvere metric spaces. We construct a meaningful notion of magnitude for flow graphs based on the observation that topological entropy provides a suitable map into the max-plus semiring, and we outline its uti

Chirag Raman, Jose Vargas-Quiros, Stephanie Tan, Ashraful Islam

Recording the dynamics of unscripted human interactions in the wild is challenging due to the delicate trade-offs between several factors: participant privacy, ecological validity, data fidelity, and logistical overheads. To address these, following a 'datasets for the community by the community' ethos, we propose the Conference Living Lab (ConfLab): a new c

Benjamin Anderson-Sackaney

We investigate the tracial states and $\mathbb{G}$-invariant states on the reduced $C^*$-algebra $C_r(\widehat{\mathbb{G}})$ of a discrete quantum group $\mathbb{G}$. Here, we denote its dual compact quantum group by $\widehat{\mathbb{G}}$. Our main result is that a state on $C_r(\widehat{\mathbb{G}})$ is tracial if and only if it is $\mathbb{G}$-invariant.

Zhe Wang, Benjamin G. Peyton, T. Daniel Crawford

We explore the framework of a real-time coupled cluster method with a focus on improving its computational efficiency. Propagation of the wave function via the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation places high demands on computing resources, particularly for high level theories such as coupled cluster with polynomial scaling. Similar to earlier investigation

M. A. Ridenti, L. K. Teles, A. Maranhão, V. K. Teles

In this article, we investigate the importance of demographic and contact patterns in determining the spread of COVID-19 and to the effectiveness of social distancing policies. We investigate these questions proposing an augmented epidemiological model with an age-structured model, with the population divided into susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected and a

Hadi Hojjati, Thi Kieu Khanh Ho, Narges Armanfard

Anomaly detection (AD) plays a crucial role in various domains, including cybersecurity, finance, and healthcare, by identifying patterns or events that deviate from normal behaviour. In recent years, significant progress has been made in this field due to the remarkable growth of deep learning models. Notably, the advent of self-supervised learning has spar

Xinwei Li, Honglie Ning, Omar Mehio, Hengdi Zhao

The fate of a Mott insulator under strong low frequency optical driving conditions is a fundamental problem in quantum many-body dynamics. Using ultrafast broadband optical spectroscopy, we measured the transient electronic structure and charge dynamics of an off-resonantly pumped Mott insulator Ca$_2$RuO$_4$. We observe coherent bandwidth renormalization an

Carlos Vieira, Carlos de Gois, Lucas Pollyceno, Rafael Rabelo

Prepare-and-measure scenarios, in their many forms, can be seen as the basic building blocks of communication tasks. As such, they can be used to analyze a diversity of classical and quantum protocols -- of which dense coding and random access codes are key examples -- in a unified manner. In particular, the use of entanglement as a resource in prepare-and-m

Sumiyoshi Abe, Peter Ván

In a recent paper (V\'an, P.; Abe, S. Physica A 2022, 588, 126505), it has been discovered that a scalar field coupled to a fluid and allowed to be a thermodynamic variable in consistency with the second law of thermodynamics is only gravitational and accordingly emergence of extended Newtonian gravity has been predicted. The resulting field equation for the

Damir Kinzebulatov, Yuliy A. Semenov

We establish two-sided Gaussian bounds on the heat kernel of divergence-form parabolic equation with singular time-inhomogeneous vector field satisfying some minimal assumptions.

Yingjun Tian, Guoxin Fang, Justas Petrulis, Andrew Weightman

This paper presents a novel soft robotic system for a deformable mannequin that can be employed to physically realize the 3D geometry of different human bodies. The soft membrane on a mannequin is deformed by inflating several curved chambers using pneumatic actuation. Controlling the freeform surface of a soft membrane by adjusting the pneumatic actuation i

Ben Whewell, Ryan G. McClarren

Neutron cross section matrices for fission and scattering data are required for each material, temperature, and enrichment level to calculate the neutron transport equation accurately. This information can be a limiting factor when using the multigroup discrete ordinates (SN) method when the number of energy groups is large. Machine Learning (ML) can be used

Ali Zamani

Let $\mathcal{L}(\mathscr{H})$ denote the $C^*$-algebra of adjointable operators on a Hilbert $C^*$-module $\mathscr{H}$. We introduce the generalized Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for operators in $\mathcal{L}(\mathscr{H})$ and investigate various properties of operators which satisfy the generalized Cauchy--Schwarz inequality. In particular, we prove that if a

Renan dos Reis, Luciano da F. Costa

There is a crescent use of enzymes in multiple industries and sciences, ranging from materials and fuel synthesis to pharmaceutical and food production. Their applicability in this variety of fields depends not only on their biochemical function but also on their physicochemical properties. In the present work, we describe how the coincidence methodology can

Sean Ingimarson, Monika Neda, Leo Rebholz, Jorge Reyes

We consider a pressure correction temporal discretization for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in EMAC form. We prove stability and error estimates for the case of mixed finite element spatial discretization, and in particular that the Gronwall constant's exponential dependence on the Reynolds number is removed (for sufficiently smooth true solutio

Natalia Aleshkevich

The traditional construction of primitive Pythagorean triples by the formulas of two independent variables does not allow their ordering. The paper shows a new view on the construction of primitive Pythagorean triples. A method for constructing primitive Pythagorean triples, based on the use of gnomons equal in area to the squares of the legs from a primitiv

Sheng Zhang, Guang Lin, Samy Tindel

We introduce a proper notion of 2-dimensional signature for images. This object is inspired by the so-called rough paths theory, and it captures many essential features of a 2-dimensional object such as an image. It thus serves as a low-dimensional feature for pattern classification. Here we implement a simple procedure for texture classification. In this co

Lauren Greenspan

Based on string theory's framework, the gauge/gravity duality, also known as holography, has the ability to solve practical problems in low energy physical systems like metals and fluids. Holographic applications open a path for conversation and collaboration between the theory-driven, high energy culture of string theory and fields like nuclear and condense

Yibo Wu, Ulf Gustavsson, Mikko Valkama, Alexandre Graell i Amat

Digital predistortion (DPD) is a method commonly used to compensate for the nonlinear effects of power amplifiers (PAs). However, the computational complexity of most DPD algorithms becomes an issue in the downlink of massive multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), where potentially up to sever

Sidi Ould Saad Hamady

PyEOC is an open-source Python code for determining electro-optic (EO) coefficients of thin-film materials from the static and dynamic reflectivity measurements. It uses the experimental results, the transfer-matrix method and implements a robust fitting procedure to precisely calculate the EO coefficients. The developed code is applied to a Pt/SBN/Pt/MgO st

A. Chiavassa, R. Kudritzki, B. Davies, B. Freytag

Red supergiant (RSGs) are cool massive stars in a late phase of their evolution when the stellar envelope becomes fully convective. They are the brightest stars in the universe at infrared light and can be detected in galaxies far beyond the Local Group, allowing for accurate determination of chemical composition of galaxies. The study of their physical prop

Etienne Bennequin, Myriam Tami, Antoine Toubhans, Celine Hudelot

Every day, a new method is published to tackle Few-Shot Image Classification, showing better and better performances on academic benchmarks. Nevertheless, we observe that these current benchmarks do not accurately represent the real industrial use cases that we encountered. In this work, through both qualitative and quantitative studies, we expose that the w

Roland Katz, Stéphane Delorme, Pol-Bernard Gossiaux

Master equations of the Lindblad type have recently been derived to describe the dynamics of quarkonium states in the quark-gluon plasma. Because their full resolution in three dimensions is very challenging, the equations are often reduced to one dimension. The main ingredient of these equations is the complex potential that describes the binding of the hea

A. C. Casal, G. Díaz, J. I. Díaz, J. M. Vegas

The main goal of this paper is to show that the blow up phenomenon (the explosion of the $ \rL^{\infty }$-norm) of the solutions of several classes of evolution problems can be controlled by means of suitable global controls $\alpha (t)$ ($i.e.$ only dependent on time) in such a way that the corresponding solution be well defined (as element of $\rL_{loc}^{1

Yonathan Eder, Yonina C. Eldar

Non-contact technology for monitoring multiple people's vital signs, such as respiration and heartbeat, has been investigated in recent years due to the rising cardiopulmonary morbidity, the risk of transmitting diseases, and the heavy burden on the medical staff. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars have shown great promise in meeting these nee

Alexei Kanel-Belov, Mehdi Golafshan, Sergey Malev, Roman Yavich

The challenges of examining random partitions of space are a significant class of problems in the theory of geometric transformations. Richard Miles calculated moments of areas and perimeters of any order (including expectation) of the random division of space in 1972. In the paper we calculate whole distribution function of random divisions of plane by pois

Zeyu Kuang, David A. B. Miller, Owen D. Miller

The concept of optimal communication channels shapes our understanding of wave-based communication. Its analysis, however, always pertains to specific communication-domain geometries, without a general theory of scaling laws or fundamental limits. In this article, we derive shape-independent bounds on the coupling strengths and information capacities of opti

V. A. De Lorenci, L. T. de Paula, C. C. Holanda Ribeiro

Analog models of gravity provide a laboratory setting to investigate curved space phenomena. In this context, linear magnetoelectric materials offer interesting possibilities for modeling such analog geometries. Here, general conditions under which a light ray enters a one-way (trapped) region, bounded by an analog event horizon, are identified. The results,

Wesley Fussner, George Metcalfe

We show that under certain conditions, well-studied algebraic properties transfer from the class $\mathcal{Q}_{_\text{RFSI}}$ of the relatively finitely subdirectly irreducible members of a quasivariety $\mathcal{Q}$ to the whole quasivariety, and, in certain cases, back again. First, we prove that if $\mathcal{Q}$ is relatively congruence-distributive, then

E. Geist, J. S. Gallagher, R. Kotulla, L. Oskinova

The NGC 346 young stellar system and associated N66 giant HII region in the Small Magellanic Cloud are the nearest example of a massive star forming event in a low metallicity ($Z\approx0.2Z_{\odot}$) galaxy. With an age of $\lesssim$3Myr this system provides a unique opportunity to study relationships between massive stars and their associated HII region. U

Jacob R. Lindale, Shannon L. Eriksson, Warren S. Warren

The theoretical description of the interplay between coherent evolution and chemical exchange, originally developed for magnetic resonance and later applied to other spectroscopic regimes, was derived under incorrect statistical assumptions. Correcting these assumptions provides access to the exact form of the exchange interaction, which we derive within the

Andreas Ekstedt

This paper investigates the importance of radiative corrections for first-order phase transitions, with particular focus on the bubble-nucleation rate. All calculations are done with a strict power-counting, and observables are consistently calculated at every order. This ensures that physical quantities are gauge and renormalization-scale invariant. Further

Jinze Sha, Andrew Kadis, Fan Yang, Timothy D. Wilkinson

We implement a novel limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) optimisation algorithm with cross entropy (CE) loss function, to produce phase-only computer-generated hologram (CGH) for holographic displays, with validation on a binary-phase modulation holographic projector.

Nicholas E. Fuhr, Mohamed Azize, David J. Bishop

Electrical detection of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a promising approach to enhancing transcriptomics and disease diagnostics because of its sensitivity, rapidity, and modularity. Reported here is a fast SARS-CoV-2 mRNA biosensor (<1 minute) with a limit of detection of 1 aM, and dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude and a linear sensitivity of 22

Lachlan P. Lindoy, Arkajit Mandal, David R. Reichman

Recent experiments have suggested that ground state chemical kinetics can be suppressed or enhanced by coupling the vibrational degrees of freedom of a molecular system with a radiation mode inside an optical cavity. Experiments show that the chemical rate is strongly modified when the photon frequency is close to characteristic vibrational frequencies. The

J. M. Diego

We present a fast algorithm to produce light curves of distant stars undergoing microlensing near critical curves. The need of these type of algorithms is motivated by recent observations of microlensing events of distant stars at high redshift and at extreme magnification factors. The algorithm relies on a low-resolution computation of the deflection field

Guanrui Li, Xinyang Liu, Giuseppe Loianno

Low-cost autonomous Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) have the potential to help humans by simplifying and speeding up complex tasks that require their interaction with the environment, such as construction, package delivery, and search and rescue. These systems, composed of single or multiple vehicles, can be endowed with passive connection mechanisms such as ri

Daniel C. Douglas, Richard Kenyon, Haolin Shi

For a planar bipartite graph $\mathcal G$ equipped with a $\mathrm{SL}_n$-local system, we show that the determinant of the associated Kasteleyn matrix counts "$n$-multiwebs" (generalizations of $n$-webs) in $\mathcal G$, weighted by their web-traces. We use this fact to study random $n$-multiwebs in graphs on some simple surfaces.

Ido Greenberg, Yinlam Chow, Mohammad Ghavamzadeh, Shie Mannor

In risk-averse reinforcement learning (RL), the goal is to optimize some risk measure of the returns. A risk measure often focuses on the worst returns out of the agent's experience. As a result, standard methods for risk-averse RL often ignore high-return strategies. We prove that under certain conditions this inevitably leads to a local-optimum barrier, an

Fabrice Harel-Canada, Muhammad Ali Gulzar, Nanyun Peng, Miryung Kim

The vast majority of text transformation techniques in NLP are inherently limited in their ability to expand input space coverage due to an implicit constraint to preserve the original class label. In this work, we propose the notion of sibylvariance (SIB) to describe the broader set of transforms that relax the label-preserving constraint, knowably vary the

Pasquale Claudio Africa, Matteo Salvador, Paola Gervasio, Luca Dede'

We propose a matrix-free solver for the numerical solution of the cardiac electrophysiology model consisting of the monodomain nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation coupled with a system of ordinary differential equations for the ionic species. Our numerical approximation is based on the high-order Spectral Element Method (SEM) to achieve accurate numerical

Yen Ting Lin, Yifeng Tian, Danny Perez, Daniel Livescu

We propose to adopt statistical regression as the projection operator to enable data-driven learning of the operators in the Mori--Zwanzig formalism. We present a principled method to extract the Markov and memory operators for any regression models. We show that the choice of linear regression results in a recently proposed data-driven learning algorithm ba

Sadashiv Sahoo, Anil Kumar, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, Amol Dighe

Precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters have provided a tremendous boost to the search for sub-leading effects due to several beyond the Standard Model scenarios in neutrino oscillation experiments. Among these, two of the well-studied scenarios are Lorentz violation (LV) and non-standard interactions (NSI), both of which can affect neutrin

Geoff Lindsell

We examine weak anticipations in discrete-time and continuous-time financial markets consisting of one risk-free asset and multiple risky assets, defining a minimal probability measure associated with the anticipation that does not depend on the choice of a utility function. We then define the financial value of weak information in the discrete-time economie

Hector O. Silva, Abhirup Ghosh, Alessandra Buonanno

Detecting gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries allows us to explore the dynamical, nonlinear regime of general relativity and constrain modifications to it. Some of the gravitational-wave events observed by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration have sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio in the merger, allowing us to probe the relaxation of the remna

Yi Tay, Mostafa Dehghani, Vinh Q. Tran, Xavier Garcia

Existing pre-trained models are generally geared towards a particular class of problems. To date, there seems to be still no consensus on what the right architecture and pre-training setup should be. This paper presents a unified framework for pre-training models that are universally effective across datasets and setups. We begin by disentangling architectur

J. A. Ringler, A. I. Kolesnikov, K. A. Ross

CoNb$_2$O$_6$ is one of the few materials that is known to approximate the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model (1D-TFIM) near its quantum critical point. It has been inferred that Co$^{2+}$ acts as a pseudo-spin 1/2 with anisotropic exchange interactions that are largely Ising-like, enabling the realization of the TFIM. However, the behavior of CoNb

Soumya Bhattacharyya, Basudeb Dasgupta

Dense clouds of neutrinos and antineutrinos can exhibit fast collective flavor oscillations. Previously, in Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 (2021) 061302, we proposed that such flavor oscillations lead to depolarization, i.e., an irreversible mixing of the flavors, whose extent depends on the initial momentum distributions of the different flavors. In this paper, we el

Nikita Soni, Matthew Matero, Niranjan Balasubramanian, H. Andrew Schwartz

Natural language is generated by people, yet traditional language modeling views words or documents as if generated independently. Here, we propose human language modeling (HuLM), a hierarchical extension to the language modeling problem whereby a human-level exists to connect sequences of documents (e.g. social media messages) and capture the notion that hu

Subhadip Dey, Beibei Liu

In this article, we show that there exist discrete isometry groups of the $2$- and $3$-dimensional complex hyperbolic spaces with critical exponents arbitrarily close to but strictly smaller than the maximum possible value. This result shows no gap in the values of critical exponents for complex hyperbolic Kleinian groups.

Max Schemmer, Patrick Hemmer, Maximilian Nitsche, Niklas Kühl

Research in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted decision-making is experiencing tremendous growth with a constantly rising number of studies evaluating the effect of AI with and without techniques from the field of explainable AI (XAI) on human decision-making performance. However, as tasks and experimental setups vary due to different objectives, some stu

Nathan Reading, Salvatore Stella

We give an explicit construction of the cluster scattering diagram for any acyclic exchange matrix of affine type. We show that the corresponding cluster scattering fan coincides both with the mutation fan and with a fan constructed in the almost-positive roots model.

Nishant Subramani, Nivedita Suresh, Matthew E. Peters

Prior work on controllable text generation has focused on learning how to control language models through trainable decoding, smart-prompt design, or fine-tuning based on a desired objective. We hypothesize that the information needed to steer the model to generate a target sentence is already encoded within the model. Accordingly, we explore a different app

Ahmed Saihood, Hossein Karshenas, AhmadReza Naghsh Nilchi

Lung cancer is a severe menace to human health, due to which millions of people die because of late diagnoses of cancer; thus, it is vital to detect the disease as early as possible. The Computerized chest analysis Tomography of scan is assumed to be one of the efficient solutions for detecting and classifying lung nodules. The necessity of high accuracy of

Hoover H. F. Yin, Harry W. H. Wong, Mehrdad Tahernia, Russell W. F. Lai

The theory of multichannel prefix codes aims to generalize the classical theory of prefix codes. Although single- and two-channel prefix codes always have decoding trees, the same cannot be said when there are more than two channels. One question is of theoretical interest: Do there exist optimal tree-decodable codes that are not optimal prefix codes? Existi

CMS Collaboration

A study of anomalous couplings of the Higgs boson to vector bosons and fermions is presented. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of pp collisions at the LHC of 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The study uses Higgs boson candidates produced mainly in gluon fusion or electroweak vector bos

Archit Parnami, Muhammad Usama, Liyue Fan, Minwoo Lee

Requiring less data for accurate models, few-shot learning has shown robustness and generality in many application domains. However, deploying few-shot models in untrusted environments may inflict privacy concerns, e.g., attacks or adversaries that may breach the privacy of user-supplied data. This paper studies the privacy enhancement for the few-shot learn

Benjamin Gravell, Iman Shames, Tyler Summers

We propose a robust data-driven output feedback control algorithm that explicitly incorporates inherent finite-sample model estimate uncertainties into the control design. The algorithm has three components: (1) a subspace identification nominal model estimator; (2) a bootstrap resampling method that quantifies non-asymptotic variance of the nominal model es

Karen Meagher, Andriaherimanana Sarobidy Razafimahatratra

A set $\mathcal{F} \subset \operatorname{Sym}(V)$ is \textsl{intersecting} if any two of its elements agree on some element of $V$. Given a finite transitive permutation group $G\leq \operatorname{Sym}(V)$, the \textsl{intersection density} $\rho(G)$ is the maximum ratio $\frac{|\mathcal{F}||V|}{|G|}$ where $\mathcal{F}$ runs through all intersecting sets of

Gouri Patil, Pranay Mandal, Ambarish Ghosh

Thermal ratchets can extract useful work from random fluctuations. This is common in the molecular scale, such as motor proteins, and has also been used to achieve directional transport in microfluidic devices. In this work, we use the ratchet principle to induce net motility in an externally powered magnetic colloid, which otherwise shows reciprocal (back a

R. U. Abbasi, M. M. F. Saba, J. W. Belz, P. R. Krehbiel

In this paper, we present the first high-speed video observation of a cloud-to-ground lightning flash and its associated downward-directed Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flash (TGF). The optical emission of the event was observed by a high-speed video camera running at 40,000 frames per second in conjunction with the Telescope Array Surface Detector, Lightning Mappin

Jingxiao Liu, Siyuan Yuan, Bin Luo, Biondo Biondi

Bridge Health Monitoring (BHM) enables early damage detection of bridges and is thus critical for avoiding more severe damages that might result in major financial and human losses. However, conventional BHM systems require dedicated sensors on bridges, which is costly to install and maintain and hard to scale up. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a n

Artyom M. Grigoryan, Sos S. Agaian

Over the past century, a correlation has been an essential mathematical technique utilized in engineering sciences, including practically every signal/image processing field. This paper describes an effective method of calculating the correlation function of signals and color images in quaternion algebra. We propose using the quaternions with a commutative m

Evgeniia S. Sevasteeva, Sergei A. Plotnikov, Dmitry R. Belov

Neural oscillations are electrical activities of the brain measurable at different frequencies. This paper studies the interaction between the fast and slow processes in the brain. We recorded signals intracranially from the simple Wistar rats, performed the signal processing, and computed the correlation between envelopes of the high-frequency gamma rhythm

M. A. Pinto, P. A. Brandão

Inspired by the concept of coherent frozen waves, this paper introduces one possible theoretical framework of its partially coherent version, a frozen spatial coherence, in which a desired two-point correlation structure of an optical field is created on the propagation axis by superposing partially coherent zero-order Bessel beams. It is shown that the cros

Nathaniel Johnston, Shirin Moein, Rajesh Pereira, Sarah Plosker

We investigate the set of quantum states that can be shown to be $k$-incoherent based only on their eigenvalues (equivalently, we explore which Hermitian matrices can be shown to have small factor width based only on their eigenvalues). In analogy with the absolute separability problem in quantum resource theory, we call these states "absolutely $k$-incohere

Pedro Zaffalon da Silva, Neyva Maria Lopes Romeiro, Iury Pereira de Souza, Paulo Laerte Natti

In this work, a 2D contour generation algorithm is proposed for irregular regions. The contour of the physical domain is approximated by mesh segments using the known coordinates of the contour. For this purpose, the algorithm uses a repeating structure that analyzes the known irregular contour coordinates to approximate the physical domain contour by mesh s

Sergey Dolgov, Dante Kalise, Luca Saluzzi

A gradient-enhanced functional tensor train cross approximation method for the resolution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations associated to optimal feedback control of nonlinear dynamics is presented. The procedure uses samples of both the solution of the HJB equation and its gradient to obtain a tensor train approximation of the value function. T

J. P. Santos Pires, S. M. João, Aires Ferreira, B. Amorim

The electronic structure of a cubic $\mathcal{T}$-symmetric Weyl semimetal is analysed in the presence of atomic-sized vacancy defects. Isolated vacancies are shown to generate nodal bound states with $r^{{\scriptscriptstyle -2}}$ asymptotic tails, even when immersed in a weakly disordered environment. These states show up as a significantly enhanced nodal d

Irina Bobrova, Vladimir Retakh, Vladimir Rubtsov, Georgy Sharygin

We study a fully noncommutative generalisation of the commutative fourth Painlev\'e equation that possesses solutions in terms of an infinite Toda system over an associative unital division ring equipped by a derivation.

Anffany Chen, Hauke Brand, Tobias Helbig, Tobias Hofmann

Curved spaces play a fundamental role in many areas of modern physics, from cosmological length scales to subatomic structures related to quantum information and quantum gravity. In tabletop experiments, negatively curved spaces can be simulated with hyperbolic lattices. Here we introduce and experimentally realize hyperbolic matter as a paradigm for topolog

Oscar Bulancea-Lindvall, Matthew Travis Eiles, Nguyen Tien Son, Igor A. Abrikosov

Paramagnetic defects and nuclear spins are often the major sources of decoherence and spin relaxation in solid-state qubits realized by optically addressable point defect spins in semiconductors. It is commonly accepted that a high degree of depletion of nuclear spins can enhance the coherence time by reducing magnetic noise. Here we show that the isotope pu

Yang-Ting Chien, Rudi Rahn, Ding Yu Shao, Wouter J. Waalewijn

The azimuthal angular decorrelation of a vector boson and jet is sensitive to QCD radiation, and can be used to probe the quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions. By using a recoil-free jet definition, the sensitivity to contamination from soft radiation on the measurement is reduced, and the complication of non-global logarithms is eliminated from our th

Chris Albert, Vikram V Dwarkadas

We probe the environmental properties of X-ray supernova remnants (SNRs) at various points along their evolutionary journey, especially the S-T phase, and their conformance with theoretically derived models of SNR evolution. The remnant size is used as a proxy for the age of the remnant. Our data set includes 34 Milky Way, 59 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), an

Pedro M. F. Pereira

This work analyses a class of extensions of the Standard Model through the lens of a novel exact parameterisation. This parameterisation is specially suitable to the analysis of extensions of the Standard Model with non-unitary mixing matrices, like models with vector-like fermions or right-handed neutrinos. The usefulness of this parameterisation is motivat

Amol P. Narke, Prashant P. Malavadkar, Maruti M. Shikare

Given a graph $M,$ path eigenvalues are eigenvalues of its path matrix. The path energy of a simple graph $M$ is equal to the sum of the absolute values of the path eigenvalues of the graph $M$ (Shikare et. al, 2018). We have discovered new upper constraints on path energy in this study, expressed in terms of a graph's maximum degree. Additionally, a relatio

Filippo Santoliquido, Michela Mapelli, M. Celeste Artale, Lumen Boco

The merger rate density evolution of binary compact objects and the properties of their host galaxies carry crucial information to understand the sources of gravitational waves. Here, we present galaxyRate, a new code that estimates the merger rate density of binary compact objects and the properties of their host galaxies, based on observational scaling rel

Zhen-Peng Xu, Jonathan Steinberg, Jaskaran Singh, Antonio J. López-Tarrida

Bell inequality tests where the detection efficiency is below a certain threshold $\eta_{\rm{crit}}$ can be simulated with local hidden-variable models. Here, we introduce a method to identify Bell tests requiring low $\eta_{\rm{crit}}$ and relatively low dimension $d$ of the local quantum systems. The method has two steps. First, we show a family of biparti

Zhefu Yu, C. S. Kochanek, S. Mathur, K. Auchettl

AT2019pev is a nuclear transient in a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy at $z=0.096$. The archival ultraviolet, optical and infrared data showed features of both tidal disruption events (TDEs) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and its nature is not fully understood. We present detailed X-ray observations of AT2019pev taken with Swift, Chandra and NICER over 173

M. Prasow-Émond, J. Hlavacek-Larrondo, K. Fogarty, J. Rameau

X-ray binaries provide exceptional laboratories for understanding the physics of matter under the most extreme conditions. Until recently, there were few, if any, observational constraints on the circumbinary environments of X-ray binaries at $\sim$ 100-5000 AU scales; it remains unclear how the accretion onto the compact objects or the explosions giving ris

Kleber Stangherlin, Manoj Sachdev

Secret keys can be extracted from the power consumption or electromagnetic emanations of unprotected devices. Traditional counter-measures have limited scope of protection, and impose several restrictions on how sensitive data must be manipulated. We demonstrate a bit-serial RISC-V microprocessor implementation with no plain-text data. All values are protect

Arjun Bagchi, Aritra Banerjee, Hisayoshi Muraki

Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) symmetries, or equivalently Conformal Carroll symmetries, are intrinsically associated to null manifolds and in two dimensions can be obtained as an In{\"o}n{\"u}-Wigner contraction of the two-dimensional ($2d$) relativistic conformal algebra. Instead of performing contractions, we demonstrate in this paper how this transmutation of

Kaitlyn Zhou, Kawin Ethayarajh, Dan Jurafsky

We examine whether some countries are more richly represented in embedding space than others. We find that countries whose names occur with low frequency in training corpora are more likely to be tokenized into subwords, are less semantically distinct in embedding space, and are less likely to be correctly predicted: e.g., Ghana (the correct answer and in-vo

Kaitlyn Zhou, Kawin Ethayarajh, Dallas Card, Dan Jurafsky

Cosine similarity of contextual embeddings is used in many NLP tasks (e.g., QA, IR, MT) and metrics (e.g., BERTScore). Here, we uncover systematic ways in which word similarities estimated by cosine over BERT embeddings are understated and trace this effect to training data frequency. We find that relative to human judgements, cosine similarity underestimate

Hasmik Poghosyan, Rubik Poghossian

We explore the RG flow between neighboring minimal CFT models with $W_3$ symmetry. After computing several classes of OPE structure constants we were able to find the matrices of anomalous dimensions for three classes of RG invariant sets of local fields. Each set from the first class consists of a single primary field, the second one of three primaries, whi

Casey Papovich, Raymond C. Simons, Vicente Estrada-Carpenter, Jasleen Matharu

We use deep spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide-Field-Camera 3 (WFC3) IR grisms combined with broad-band photometry to study the stellar populations, gas ionization and chemical abundances in star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1.1-2.3$. The data stem from the CANDELS Lyman-$\alpha$ Emission At Reionization (CLEAR) survey. At these redshifts

Riccardo Middei, Paolo Giommi, Matteo Perri, Sara Turriziani

Blazars are a peculiar class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that enlighten the sky at all wavelengths. The electromagnetic emission of these sources is jet-dominated resulting in a spectral energy distribution (SED) that has a typical double-humped shape. X-ray photons provide a wealth of information on the physics of each source as in the X-ray band we ca

F. Engelhardt, V. A. S. V. Bittencourt, H. Huebl, O. Klein

Developing schemes for efficient and broad-band frequency conversion of quantum signals is an ongoing challenge in the field of modern quantum information. Especially the coherent conversion between microwave and optical signals is an important milestone towards long-distance quantum communication. In this work, we propose a two-stage conversion protocol, em

Yiran Zhang, Robert Polski, Alex Thomson, Étienne Lantagne-Hurtubise

In the presence of a large perpendicular electric field, Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) features several broken-symmetry metallic phases as well as magnetic-field-induced superconductivity. The superconducting state is quite fragile, however, appearing only in a narrow window of density and with a maximum critical temperature $T_c\approx30$~mK. Here,

Yichul Choi, Ho Tat Lam, Shu-Heng Shao

We identify infinitely many non-invertible generalized global symmetries in QED and QCD for the real world in the massless limit. In QED, while there is no conserved Noether current for the $U(1)_\text{A}$ axial symmetry because of the ABJ anomaly, for every rational angle $2\pi p/N$, we construct a conserved and gauge-invariant topological symmetry operator