April 2023 arXiv papers — page 130

T. Gartner, C. Lauzin, A. R. W. McKellar, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi

Spectra of water-CO2 dimers are studied using a tunable mid-infrared source to probe a pulsed slit jet supersonic expansion. H2O-CO2 and D2O-CO2 are observed in the CO2 nu3 fundamental region (~2350 cm-1), D2O-CO2 is also observed in the D2O nu3 fundamental region (~2790 cm-1), and HDO-CO2 is observed in the HDO O-D stretch fundamental region (~2720 cm-1), a

Rachel Wortis, Eamonn Campbell, Donovan Allum

Previous work proposed a strong-disorder renormalization approach for the Anderson model, using it to calculate the density of states and the inverse participation ratio [Johri \& Bhatt, Phys.\ Rev.\ B {\bf 90} 060205(R) (2014)]. This is interesting because of the potential for expansion to higher dimensions and to interacting systems. The original proposal

Carlo Vicentini

Dirichlet process mixture models suffer from slow mixing of the MCMC posterior chain produced by stick-breaking Gibbs samplers, as opposed to collapsed Gibbs samplers based on the Polya urn representation which have shorter integrated autocorrelation time (IAT). We study how cluster membership information is encoded under the two aforementioned samplers, and

Ryo Fujita, David Hernandez, Se-jin Oh, Hironori Oya

We establish a cluster theoretical interpretation of the isomorphisms of [F.-H.-O.-O., J. Reine Angew. Math., 2022] among quantum Grothendieck rings of representations of quantum loop algebras. Consequently, we obtain a quantization of the monoidal categorification theorem of [Kashiwara-Kim-Oh-Park, arXiv:2103.10067]. We establish applications of these new i

Hanwool Bae, Wonbo Jeong, Jongmyeong Kim

In this paper, we prove that the derived Rabinowitz Fukaya category of a Liouville domain $M$ of dimension $2n$ is $(n-1)$-Calabi--Yau assuming the wrapped Fukaya category of $M$ admits an at most countable set of Lagrangians that generate it and satisfy some finiteness condition on morphism spaces between them.

Kumara Kahatapitiya, Anurag Arnab, Arsha Nagrani, Michael S. Ryoo

Vision-Language models (VLMs) have excelled in the image-domain -- especially in zero-shot settings -- thanks to the availability of vast pretraining data (i.e., paired image-text samples). However for videos, such paired data is not as abundant. Therefore, video-VLMs are usually designed by adapting pretrained image-VLMs to the video-domain, instead of trai

Xiao-Gang He, Jusak Tandean, German Valencia

Hyperon nonleptonic decays that change strangeness by two units, such as $\Xi\to N\pi$ and $\Omega^-\to nK^-,\Lambda\pi^-,\Sigma^{(*)}\pi$, are highly suppressed in the standard model. Only a few of them have been searched for to date, leading to experimental upper bounds which are many orders of magnitude above the expectations of the standard model. This l

Gergely Csáji

We give a simple approximation algorithm for a common generalization of many previously studied extensions of the maximum size stable matching problem with ties. These generalizations include the existence of critical vertices in the graph, amongst whom we must match as much as possible, free edges, that cannot be blocking edges and $\Delta$-stabilities, whi

Hans R. Moser

Dynamical and statistical behavior of the ionic particles in dissolved salts have long been known, but their hydration shells still raise unsettled questions. We engineered a ``diffusion tunnel diode" that is structurally analogous to the well-known Esaki diode, but now concentration gradients serve as generalized voltages and the current means particle flow

Rui Shao, Tianxing Wu, Ziwei Liu

Misinformation has become a pressing issue. Fake media, in both visual and textual forms, is widespread on the web. While various deepfake detection and text fake news detection methods have been proposed, they are only designed for single-modality forgery based on binary classification, let alone analyzing and reasoning subtle forgery traces across differen

Mika Göös, Artur Riazanov, Anastasia Sofronova, Dmitry Sokolov

We present a top-down lower-bound method for depth-$4$ boolean circuits. In particular, we give a new proof of the well-known result that the parity function requires depth-$4$ circuits of size exponential in $n^{1/3}$. Our proof is an application of robust sunflowers and block unpredictability.

Mingqi Gao, Jie Ruan, Renliang Sun, Xunjian Yin

Evaluating text summarization is a challenging problem, and existing evaluation metrics are far from satisfactory. In this study, we explored ChatGPT's ability to perform human-like summarization evaluation using four human evaluation methods on five datasets. We found that ChatGPT was able to complete annotations relatively smoothly using Likert scale scori

Guillermo Gallego, Oscar Garcia-Prada

In this paper we generalize the theory of multiplicative $G$-Higgs bundles over a curve to pairs $(G,\theta)$, where $G$ is a reductive algebraic group and $\theta$ is an involution of $G$. This generalization involves the notion of a multiplicative Higgs bundle taking values in a symmetric variety associated to $\theta$, or in an equivariant embedding of it

Andy S. H. To, Alexander W. James, T. S. Bastian, Lidia van Driel-Gesztelyi

Sun-as-a-star coronal plasma composition, derived from full-Sun spectra, and the F10.7 radio flux (2.8 GHz) have been shown to be highly correlated (r = 0.88) during solar cycle 24. However, this correlation becomes nonlinear during increased solar magnetic activity. Here, we use co-temporal, high spatial resolution, multi-wavelength images of the Sun to inv

Sébastien Bosca

We describe the exact G-module F* for any cyclic extension F/K of locals fields of characteristic zero, where G is the Galois group of F/K. We also describe a parametrized space Wa,b,m,n which is most often a direct factor in F*.

Friederike Baier, Sebastian Mair, Samuel G. Fadel

In contrast to fully-supervised models, self-supervised representation learning only needs a fraction of data to be labeled and often achieves the same or even higher downstream performance. The goal is to pre-train deep neural networks on a self-supervised task, making them able to extract meaningful features from raw input data afterwards. Previously, auto

Dylan Langharst, Jacopo Ulivelli

The interplay between variational functionals and the Brunn-Minkowski Theory is a well-established phenomenon widely investigated in the last thirty years. In this work, we prove the existence of solutions to the even logarithmic Minkowski problems arising from variational functionals, such as the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian and the torsional rigidity.

Francesco Rundo

Next generation cars embed intelligent assessment of car driving safety through innovative solutions often based on usage of artificial intelligence. The safety driving monitoring can be carried out using several methodologies widely treated in scientific literature. In this context, the author proposes an innovative approach that uses ad-hoc bio-sensing sys

Md Shahjahan Hossain, Hossein Ebrahimi, Ranajay Ghosh

We synthesize geometrically tailorable anisotropic plates by combining button shaped fish-scale like features on soft substrates, then lacing them with high-stiffness strings. This creates a new type of biomimetic architectured structure with multiple broken symmetries. First, the tendons and scales together break the symmetry of the bending response between

A. N. Petsch, N. S. Headings, D. Prabhakaran, A. I. Kolesnikov

Inelastic neutron scattering is used to study the magnetic excitations of the $S=1$ square-lattice antiferromagnet La$_2$NiO$_4$. We find that the spin waves cannot be described by a simple classical (harmonic) Heisenberg model with only nearest-neighbor interactions. The spin-wave dispersion measured along the antiferromagnetic Brillouin-zone boundary shows

Daniel E. Reichart, Joshua Haislip, Vladimir Kouprianov, Ruide Fu

Funded by a $3M Department of Defense (DoD) National Defense Education Program (NDEP) award, we are developing and deploying on a national scale a follow-up curriculum to "Our Place In Space!", or OPIS!, in which approx. 3,500 survey-level astronomy students are using our global network of "Skynet" robotic telescopes each year. The goal of this new curriculu

K. Arun Kumar, Girja S Tripathi

We prove that for the action of a finite constant group scheme, equivariant algebraic $K$-theory is represented by a colimit of Grassmannians in the equivariant motivic homotopy category. Using this result we show that the set of endomorphisms of the equivariant motivic space defined by $K_0(G,-)$ coincides with the set of endomorphisms of infinite Grassmann

Aylin García Soto, Elisabeth R. Newton, Stephanie T. Douglas, Abigail Burrows

While many M dwarfs are known to have strong magnetic fields and high levels of magnetic activity, we are still unsure about the properties of their starspots and the origin of their magnetic dynamos. Both starspots and chromospheric heating are generated by the surface magnetic field; they produce photometric variability and Halpha emission, respectively. C

A. A. Chrimes, A. J. Levan, J. J. Eldridge, M. Fraser

The majority of massive stars are born in binaries, and most unbind upon the first supernova. With precise proper motion surveys such as Gaia, it is possible to trace back the motion of stars in the vicinity of young remnants to search for ejected companions. Establishing the fraction of remnants with an ejected companion, and the photometric and kinematic p

Vilém Zouhar, Kalvin Chang, Chenxuan Cui, Nathaniel Carlson

Mapping words into a fixed-dimensional vector space is the backbone of modern NLP. While most word embedding methods successfully encode semantic information, they overlook phonetic information that is crucial for many tasks. We develop three methods that use articulatory features to build phonetically informed word embeddings. To address the inconsistent ev

Debika Banerjee, Bittu Chahal, Sneha Chaubey, Khyati Khurana

Let $\Phi_k(n)=|\{ (x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_k)\in \left(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\right)^k; \ \gcd(x_1^2+x_2^2+ \cdots+ x_k^2, n)=1\}|$ be a general totient function introduced first by Cald\'{e}ron et. al. Motivated by the classical works of Schoenberg, Erd\H{o}s, Bateman and Diamond on the distribution of $\Phi_1(n)$, we prove results on the joint distribution of

Marek Herde, Denis Huseljic, Bernhard Sick

Solving complex classification tasks using deep neural networks typically requires large amounts of annotated data. However, corresponding class labels are noisy when provided by error-prone annotators, e.g., crowdworkers. Training standard deep neural networks leads to subpar performances in such multi-annotator supervised learning settings. We address this

Karl-Ludwig Besser, Rafael F. Schaefer, H. Vincent Poor

We consider a wireless communication system with a passive eavesdropper, in which a transmitter and legitimate receiver generate and use key bits to secure the transmission of their data. These bits are added to and used from a pool of available key bits. In this work, we analyze the reliability of the system in terms of the probability that the budget of av

Sam A. Randerson, Panaiot G. Zotev, Xuerong Hu, Alexander Knight

Dielectric nanoresonators have been shown to circumvent the heavy optical losses associated with plasmonic devices, however they suffer from less confined resonances. By constructing a hybrid system of both dielectric and metallic materials, one can retain the low losses of dielectric resonances, whilst gaining additional control over the tuning of the modes

Johannes A. Kassel, Benjamin Walter, Holger Kantz

We present a method to infer the arbitrary space-dependent drift and diffusion of a nonlinear stochastic model driven by multiplicative fractional Gaussian noise from a single trajectory. Our method, fractional Onsager-Machlup optimisation (fOMo), introduces a maximum likelihood estimator by minimising a field-theoretic action which we construct from the obs

Miguel Quartin, Shinji Tsujikawa, Luca Amendola, Riccardo Sturani

In the broad subclass of Horndeski theories with a luminal speed of gravitational waves, we derive gravitational waveforms emitted from a compact binary by considering the wave propagation on a spatially flat cosmological background. A scalar field nonminimally coupled to gravity gives rise to hairy neutron star (NS) solutions with a nonvanishing scalar char

Peng Yang, Matteo Baggioli, Zi Cai, Yu Tian

Driving a system out of equilibrium enriches the paradigm of spontaneous symmetry breaking, which could then take place not only in space but also in time. The interplay between temporal and spatial symmetries, as well as symmetries from other internal degrees of freedom, can give rise to novel nonequilibrium phases of matter. In this study, we investigate a

Duong H. Phong

A survey of new geometric flows motivated by string theories is provided. Their settings can range from complex geometry to almost-complex geometry to symplectic geometry. From the PDE viewpoint, many of them can be viewed as intermediate flows between the Ricci flow and the K\"ahler-Ricci flow, albeit often coupled to flows of additional fields. In particul

Moritz Reuss, Maximilian Li, Xiaogang Jia, Rudolf Lioutikov

We propose a new policy representation based on score-based diffusion models (SDMs). We apply our new policy representation in the domain of Goal-Conditioned Imitation Learning (GCIL) to learn general-purpose goal-specified policies from large uncurated datasets without rewards. Our new goal-conditioned policy architecture "$\textbf{BE}$havior generation wit

Heejong Kim, Mert R. Sabuncu

Longitudinal studies, where a series of images from the same set of individuals are acquired at different time-points, represent a popular technique for studying and characterizing temporal dynamics in biomedical applications. The classical approach for longitudinal comparison involves normalizing for nuisance variations, such as image orientation or contras

Kaiwen Cui, Rongliang Wu, Fangneng Zhan, Shijian Lu

Face swapping aims to generate swapped images that fuse the identity of source faces and the attributes of target faces. Most existing works address this challenging task through 3D modelling or generation using generative adversarial networks (GANs), but 3D modelling suffers from limited reconstruction accuracy and GANs often struggle in preserving subtle y

Gregory Hemenway

We study equilibrium states for non-uniformly expanding skew products, and show how a family of fiberwise transfer operators can be used to define the conditional measures along fibers of the product. We prove that the pushforward of the equilibrium state onto the base of the product is itself an equilibrium state for a H\"older potential defined via these f

Peter C. Y. Chen

We consider a class of reinforcement-learning systems in which the agent follows a behavior policy to explore a discrete state-action space to find an optimal policy while adhering to some restriction on its behavior. Such restriction may prevent the agent from visiting some state-action pairs, possibly leading to the agent finding only a sub-optimal policy.

Hui Liu, Yudan Xiong, Fangjun Xu

Let $X=\{X_n: n\in\mathbb{N}\}$ be a long memory linear process in which the coefficients are regularly varying and innovations are independent and identically distributed and belong to the domain of attraction of an $\alpha$-stable law with $\alpha\in (0, 2)$. Then, for any integrable and square integrable function $K$ on $\mathbb{R}$, under certain mild co

Torsten V. Zache, Daniel González-Cuadra, Peter Zoller

Treating the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of non-abelian gauge theories is an outstanding challenge for classical and quantum simulations. Here, we introduce $q$-deformed Kogut-Susskind lattice gauge theories, obtained by deforming the defining symmetry algebra to a quantum group. In contrast to other formulations, our proposal simultaneously provides

Yuuho Tanaka

The exact formula for the average hitting time (HT, as an abbreviation) of simple random walks on Cay($Z_N,\{\pm1,\pm2\}$) was given by Y. Doi et al. [Discrete Applied Mathematics,313 (2022) 18-28]. Y. Doi et al. give a simple formula for the HT's of simple random walks on Cay($Z_N,\{\pm1,\pm2\}$) by using an elementary method. In this paper, using an elemen

Uday Kumar Reddy Vengalam, Yongchao Liu, Tong Geng, Hui Wu

Nature apparently does a lot of computation constantly. If we can harness some of that computation at an appropriate level, we can potentially perform certain type of computation (much) faster and more efficiently than we can do with a von Neumann computer. Indeed, many powerful algorithms are inspired by nature and are thus prime candidates for nature-based

Tuomas Laakkonen, Konstantinos Meichanetzidis, John van de Wetering

Counting the solutions to Boolean formulae defines the problem #SAT, which is complete for the complexity class #P. We use the ZH-calculus, a universal and complete graphical language for linear maps which naturally encodes counting problems in terms of diagrams, to give graphical reductions from #SAT to several related counting problems. Some of these graph

S. R. Pinto, A. M. Cabral, C. J. A. P. Martins

We use low-redshift background cosmology data to place quantitative constraints on three separate modified gravity models, each of which aims to explain the low-redshift acceleration through a different physical mechanism. The Lifshitz cosmology is effectively a parametric extension of the canonical $\Lambda$CDM model, where a time-dependent cosmological con

Stefan Ernst, Patrick J. Scheidegger, Simon Diesch, Christian L. Degen

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is well known in quantum metrology and quantum information for its favorable spin and optical properties, which span a wide temperature range from near zero to over 600 K. Despite its prominence, the NV center's photo-physics is incompletely understood, especially at intermediate temperatures between 10-100 K where

Shashi Shekhar Roy, S. V. Raghurama Rao

A new kinetic model is proposed where the equilibrium distribution with bounded support has a range of velocities about two average velocities in 1D. In 2D, the equilibrium distribution function has a range of velocities about four average velocities, one in each quadrant. In the associated finite volume scheme, the average velocities are used to enforce the

Mauro Varesco

We introduce in this paper the notion of Hodge similarities of transcendental lattices of hyperk\"ahler manifolds and investigate the Hodge conjecture for these Hodge morphisms. Studying K3 surfaces with a symplectic automorphism, we prove the Hodge conjecture for the square of the general member of the first four-dimensional families of K3 surfaces with tot

Sophie Leanza, Ruike Renee Zhao, John W. Hutchinson

Single-loop elastic rings can be folded into multi-loop equilibrium configurations. In this paper, the stability of several such multi-loop states which are either circular or straight are investigated analytically and illustrated by experimental demonstrations. The analysis ascertains stability by exploring variations of the elastic energy of the rings for

Hailu Bikila Yadeta

It was proved that the space $ \mathbb{P}_p $ of all periodic function of fundamental period $ p $ is a direct sum of the space $ \mathbb{P}_{p/2} $ of all periodic functions of fundamental period $ p/2 $ and the space $ \mathbb{AP}_{p/2} $ of all antiperiodic functions of fundamental antiperiod $ p/2 $. In this paper, we study some connections between perio

P. K. Kristensen, A. Golahmar, E. Martínez-Pañeda, C. F. Niordson

Phase field fracture models have seen widespread application in the last decade. Among these applications, its use to model the evolution of fatigue cracks has attracted particular interest, as fatigue damage behaviour can be predicted for arbitrary loading histories, dimensions and complexity of the cracking phenomena at play. However, while cycle-by-cycle

Paweł Holewa, Daniel A. Vajner, Emilia Zięba-Ostój, Maja Wasiluk

Single indistinguishable photons at telecom C-band wavelengths are essential for quantum networks and the future quantum internet. However, high-throughput technology for single-photon generation at 1550 nm remained a missing building block to overcome present limitations in quantum communication and information technologies. Here, we demonstrate the high-th

Ferdian Thung, Kisub Kim, Ting Zhang, Ivana Clairine Irsan

Using APIs to develop software applications is the norm. APIs help developers to build applications faster as they do not need to reinvent the wheel. It is therefore important for developers to understand the APIs that they plan to use. Developers should also make themselves aware of relevant information updates about APIs. In order to do so, developers need

Ekaterina Khestanova, Tatyana Ivanova, Roland Gillen, Alessandro D Elia

Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors exhibit strong excitonic effects and hold promise for optical and optoelectronic applications. Yet, electron doping of TMDs leads to the conversion of neutral excitons into negative trions, which recombine predominantly non-radiatively at room temperature. As a result, the photoluminescence (PL)

Luobin Lin, Fuquan Chen, Xianhai Huang

This paper provides two parallel solutions on the mixed boundary value problem of a unit annulus subjected to a partially fixed outer periphery and an arbitrary traction acting along the inner periphery using the complex variable method. The analytic continuation is applied to turn the mixed boundary value problem into a Riemann-Hilbert problem across the fr

Kyrylo Bondarenko, Alexey Boyarsky, Oleksii Mikulenko, Richard Jacobsson

Future searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model are without doubt in need of a diverse approach and experiments with complementary sensitivities to different types of classes of models. One of the directions that should be explored is feebly interacting particles (FIPs) with masses below the electroweak scale. The interest in FIPs has significantly

Mahya Morid Ahmadi, Lilas Alrahis, Ozgur Sinanoglu, Muhammad Shafique

We propose FPGA-Patch, the first-of-its-kind defense that leverages automated program repair concepts to thwart power side-channel attacks on cloud FPGAs. FPGA-Patch generates isofunctional variants of the target hardware by injecting faults and finding transformations that eliminate failure. The obtained variants display different hardware characteristics,

Emmanuel Abbe, Colin Sandon

Reed-Muller codes were introduced in 1954, with a simple explicit construction based on polynomial evaluations, and have long been conjectured to achieve Shannon capacity on symmetric channels. Major progress was made towards a proof over the last decades; using combinatorial weight enumerator bounds, a breakthrough on the erasure channel from sharp threshol

A. Le Saux, I. Baraffe, T. Guillet, D. G. Vlaykov

Main-sequence intermediate-mass stars present a radiative envelope that supports internal gravity waves (IGWs). Excited at the boundary with the convective core, IGWs propagate towards the stellar surface and are suspected to impact physical processes such as rotation and chemical mixing. Using the fully compressible time-implicit code MUSIC, we study IGWs i

Jonathan Hickman

This expository essay accompanied the author's presentation at the S\'eminaire Bourbaki on 01 April 2023. It describes the breakthrough work of Du--Zhang on the Carleson problem for the Schr\"odinger equation, together with background material in multilinear harmonic analysis.

Ze-Yu Qiu, Zhao-Huan Yu

We study stochastic gravitational waves from cosmic strings generated in an ultraviolet-complete model for pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter with a hidden $\mathrm{U(1)}$ gauge symmetry. The dark matter candidate in this model can naturally evade direct detection bounds and easily satisfy other phenomenological constraints. The bound on the dark matter life

Indra Kumar Banerjee, Ujjal Kumar Dey, Newton Nath, Saadat Salman Shariff

Unanswered questions surrounding neutrinos have motivated investigations into physics beyond the standard model (SM) of particle physics. In particular, generalized neutrino interactions (GNI) provide a broader framework for studying these effects compared to the commonly studied non-standard neutrino interactions. These interactions are described by higher

Martina Conte, Benjamin Klopsch

The Pr\"ufer rank $\mathrm{rk}(G)$ of a profinite group $G$ is the supremum, across all open subgroups $H$ of $G$, of the minimal number of generators $\mathrm{d}(H)$. It is known that, for any given prime $p$, a profinite group $G$ admits the structure of a $p$-adic analytic group if and only if $G$ is virtually a pro-$p$ group of finite rank. The dimension

Daniel D. Carpintero, J. C. Muzzio

The Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents are a useful indicator of chaos in astronomical dynamical systems. They are usually computed through a standard, very efficient and neat algorithm published in 1980. However, for Hamiltonian systems the expected result of pairs of opposite exponents is not always obtained with enough precision. We find here why in these

Armin Moin, Atta Badii, Moharram Challenger

Recently, several studies have proposed frameworks for Quantum Federated Learning (QFL). For instance, the Google TensorFlow Quantum (TFQ) and TensorFlow Federated (TFF) libraries have been deployed for realizing QFL. However, developers, in the main, are not as yet familiar with Quantum Computing (QC) libraries and frameworks. A Domain-Specific Modeling Lan

Da Li, Bo Tang, Lei Xue

This paper focuses on the joint design of transmit waveforms and receive filters for airborne multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems in spectrally crowded environments. The purpose is to maximize the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) in the presence of signal-dependent clutter. To improve the practicability of the radar wavef

Hao Song, Binbin Hong, Neng Wang, Guo Ping Wang

Metasurfaces that can work without the rigorous periodic arrangement of meta-atoms are highly desired by practical optical micro-nano devices. In this work, we proposed two kinds of Kerker-type metasurfaces possessing positional disorder immunity. The metasurfaces are composed of two different core-shell cylinders satisfying the first and second Kerker condi

Jiayang Li, Zhaoran Wang, Yu Marco Nie

As one of the most fundamental concepts in transportation science, Wardrop equilibrium (WE) has always had a relatively weak behavioral underpinning. To strengthen this foundation, one must reckon with bounded rationality in human decision-making processes, such as the lack of accurate information, limited computing power, and sub-optimal choices. This retre

D. Tubín-Arenas, G. Lamer, M. Krumpe, T. Urrutia

We report the discovery and spectroscopic identification of the bright doubly lensed quasar eRASS1 J050129.5-073309 at redshift $z=2.47$, selected from the first all-sky survey of the ${\it Spectrum\; Roentgen\; Gamma\; (SRG)}$ eROSITA telescope and the ${\it Gaia}$ EDR3 catalog. We systematically search for extragalactic sources with eROSITA X-ray positions

Guillaume Sagnol

We study the Min-Weighted Sum Bin Packing problem, a variant of the classical Bin Packing problem in which items have a weight, and each item induces a cost equal to its weight multiplied by the index of the bin in which it is packed. This is in fact equivalent to a batch scheduling problem that arises in many fields of applications such as appointment sched

Pedro Mendes, Paolo Romano, David Garlan

This work focuses on the problem of hyper-parameter tuning (HPT) for robust (i.e., adversarially trained) models, shedding light on the new challenges and opportunities arising during the HPT process for robust models. To this end, we conduct an extensive experimental study based on 3 popular deep models, in which we explore exhaustively 9 (discretized) HPs,

Shan Chen, Yingya Li, Sheng Lu, Hoang Van

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive ability in biomedical question-answering, but have not been adequately investigated for more specific biomedical applications. This study investigates the performance of LLMs such as the ChatGPT family of models (GPT-3.5s, GPT-4) in biomedical tasks beyond question-answering. Because no pa

Deseada Díaz Barrero, Thanh-Long Le, Simon Niemes, Stefan Welte

An unavoidable category of molecular species in large-scale tritium applications, such as nuclear fusion, are tritium-substituted hydrocarbons; these form by radiochemical reactions in the presence of (circulating) tritium and carbon (mainly from the steel of vessels and tubing). Tritiumsubstituted methane species, CQ$_4$ (with Q = H , D , T), are often the

R. G. Varadaraj, R. A. A. Bowler, M. J. Jarvis, N. J. Adams

We have conducted a search for $z\simeq7$ Lyman break galaxies over 8.2 square degrees of near-infrared imaging from the VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations (VIDEO) survey in the XMM-Newton - Large Scale Structure (XMM-LSS) and the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDF-S) fields. Candidate galaxies were selected from a full photometric redshift analysis

Dominic Schuhmacher

We introduce a general framework for assigning distances between kanji based on their dissimilarity. What we mean by this term may depend on the concrete application. The only assumption we make is that the dissimilarity between two kanji is adequately expressed as a weighted mean of penalties obtained from matching nested structures of components in an opti

Yuchen Zhou, Michael J. Tarr, Daniel Yurovsky

Children typically learn the meanings of nouns earlier than the meanings of verbs. However, it is unclear whether this asymmetry is a result of complexity in the visual structure of categories in the world to which language refers, the structure of language itself, or the interplay between the two sources of information. We quantitatively test these three hy

James Prather, Brent N. Reeves, Paul Denny, Brett A. Becker

Recent developments in deep learning have resulted in code-generation models that produce source code from natural language and code-based prompts with high accuracy. This is likely to have profound effects in the classroom, where novices learning to code can now use free tools to automatically suggest solutions to programming exercises and assignments. Howe

Lucas F. Voges, Lukas C. Jarren, Stephan Seifert

Random forest is a popular machine learning approach for the analysis of high-dimensional data because it is flexible and provides variable importance measures for the selection of relevant features. However, the complex relationships between the features are usually not considered for the selection and thus also neglected for the characterization of the ana

Romina Eramo, Michele Tucci, Daniele Di Pompeo, Vittorio Cortellessa

The continuous software engineering paradigm is gaining popularity in modern development practices, where the interleaving of design and runtime activities is induced by the continuous evolution of software systems. In this context, performance assessment is not easy, but recent studies have shown that architectural models evolving with the software can supp

Fan Yang

Using deep learning methods to detect the classroom behaviors of both students and teachers is an effective way to automatically analyze classroom performance and enhance teaching effectiveness. Then, there is still a scarcity of publicly available high-quality datasets on student-teacher behaviors. We constructed SCB-Dataset a comprehensive dataset of stude

Florian Litzinger

We consider curve shortening flow of arbitrary codimension in an Euclidean background. We show that, close to a singularity, the flow is asymptotically planar, paralleling Altschuler's work in the case of space curves, and analyse the blow-up limits of the flow. Using these results, we then prove that the curve shortening flow of initial curves with an entro

Xueyin Wang, Zhenfu Wang, Jiangong You, Qi Zhou

Winding number and density of states are two fundamental physical quantities for non-self-adjoint quasi-periodic Schr\"odinger operators, which reflect the asymptotic distribution of zeros of the characteristic determinants of the truncated operators under Dirichlet boundary condition, with respect to complexified phase and the energy respectively. We will p

Gilbert Strang

If a matrix $A$ has rank $r$, then its row echelon form (from elimination) contains the identity matrix in its first $r$ independent columns. How do we \emph{interpret the matrix} $F$ that appears in the remaining columns of that echelon form\,? $F$ multiplies those first $r$ independent columns of $A$ to give its $n-r$ dependent columns. Then $F$ reveals ba

Chen Chen, Rahul Kande, Nathan Nguyen, Flemming Andersen

Recent research has shown that hardware fuzzers can effectively detect security vulnerabilities in modern processors. However, existing hardware fuzzers do not fuzz well the hard-to-reach design spaces. Consequently, these fuzzers cannot effectively fuzz security-critical control- and data-flow logic in the processors, hence missing security vulnerabilities.

Arpan Biswas, Yongtao Liu, Nicole Creange, Yu-Chen Liu

Optimization of experimental materials synthesis and characterization through active learning methods has been growing over the last decade, with examples ranging from measurements of diffraction on combinatorial alloys at synchrotrons, to searches through chemical space with automated synthesis robots for perovskites. In virtually all cases, the target prop

Joel Costa da Rocha

Bicolored tilings are given by a collection of smooth curves in a disk with a coloring map on the tiles these curves form. Postnikov diagrams can be viewed as the image of certain bicolored tilings under the Scott map. We introduce a reduction technique on bicolored tilings, and show that a tiling maps to a Postnikov diagram if and only if it is reduced. We

Harald Garcke, Paul Hüttl, Christian Kahle, Patrik Knopf

We consider an optimization problem for the eigenvalues of a multi-material elastic structure that was previously introduced by Garcke et al. [Adv. Nonlinear Anal. 11 (2022), no. 1, 159--197]. There, the elastic structure is represented by a vector-valued phase-field variable, and a corresponding optimality system consisting of a state equation and a gradien

Ben Seiyon Lee, Murali Haran

Spatially correlated data with an excess of zeros, usually referred to as zero-inflated spatial data, arise in many disciplines. Examples include count data, for instance, abundance (or lack thereof) of animal species and disease counts, as well as semi-continuous data like observed precipitation. Spatial two-part models are a flexible class of models for su

Dibya S. Chattopadhyay, Amol Dighe

The quantum nature of neutrino oscillations would be reflected in the mismatch between the neutrino survival probabilities with and without an intermediate observation. We propose this ``quantum mismatch'' as a measure of quantumness in neutrino oscillations, which precisely extracts the interference term in the two-flavor limit. In the full three-flavor sce

Jean-Christophe Pain, Patricia Croset

Mathematical inequalities, combined with atomic-physics sum rules, enable one to derive lower and upper bounds for the Rosseland and/or Planck mean opacities. The resulting constraints must be satisfied, either for pure elements or mixtures. The intriguing law of anomalous numbers, also named Benford's law, is of great interest to detect errors in line-stren

Emily K Pass, David Charbonneau

Using high-resolution spectra from the Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES) and photometry from sector 56 of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we report that the nearby M dwarf G 68-34 is a double-lined eclipsing binary. The pair is spin-orbit synchronized with a period of 0.655 days. The light curve shows significant spot modula

Tao Zhang, Yong Xia, Shiru Li

He and Yuan's prediction-correction framework [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 50: 700-709, 2012] is able to provide convergent algorithms for solving separable convex optimization problems at a rate of $O(1/t)$ ($t$ represents iteration times) in both ergodic (the average of iteration) and pointwise senses. This paper presents a faster prediction-correction framework

Abhishek Arora, Rajat Arora, Amit Acharya

The theoretical and computational framework of finite deformation mesoscale field dislocation mechanics (MFDM) is used to understand the salient aspects of kink-band formation in Cu-Nb nano-metallic laminates (NMLs). A conceptually minimal, plane-strain idealization of the three-dimensional geometry, including crystalline orientation, of additively manufactu

Peter Galison, Juliusz Doboszewski, Jamee Elder, Niels C. M. Martens

This white paper outlines the plans of the History Philosophy Culture Working Group of the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration.

Maël Bompais, Nina H. Amini

We consider the question of asymptotic stability of quantum trajectories undergoing quantum non-demolition imperfect measurement, that is to say the convergence of the estimated trajectory towards the true trajectory whose parameters and initial state are not necessarily known. We give conditions on the estimated initial state and regions of validity for the

Esteban Rojas Gatjens, Hao Li, Alejandro Vega Flick, Daniele Cortecchia

We present a study on the many-body exciton interactions in a prototype Ruddlesden-Popper metal halide (RPMH), namely \ce{(PEA)2SnI4} (PEA = phenylethylammine), using coherent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. The optical dephasing times of the third-order polarization observed in these systems are determined by exciton many-body interactions and latt

Sangeeth Krishnan, Baburaj A. Puthenveettil, Emil J. Hopfinger

The rupture of the thin film at the top of a bubble floating at a liquid-gas interface leads to the axisymmetric collapse of the bubble cavity. We present scaling laws for such a cavity collapse, established from experiments conducted with bubbles spanning a wide range of Bond (${10^{-3}<Bo\leq1}$) and Ohnesorge numbers (${10^{-3}<Oh<10^{-1}}$), defined with

Tao Zhang, Yong Xia, Shiru Li

Lagrangian-based methods are classical methods for solving convex optimization problems with equality constraints. We present novel prediction-correction frameworks for such methods and their variants, which can achieve $O(1/k)$ non-ergodic convergence rates for general convex optimization and $O(1/k^2)$ non-ergodic convergence rates under the assumption tha

Valentino Santucci, Josu Ceberio

Problems with solutions represented by permutations are very prominent in combinatorial optimization. Thus, in recent decades, a number of evolutionary algorithms have been proposed to solve them, and among them, those based on probability models have received much attention. In that sense, most efforts have focused on introducing algorithms that are suited

Lebo Molefe, John Kolinski

Surface stress drives long-range elastocapillary interactions at the surface of compliant solids, where it has been observed to mediate interparticle interactions and to alter the transport of liquid drops. We show that such an elastocapillary interaction arises between neighboring structures that are simply protrusions of the compliant solid. For compliant

Petr Naryshkin

We show that a free action $G \curvearrowright X$ is almost finite if its restriction to some infinite normal subgroup of $G$ is almost finite. Consider the class of groups which contains all infinite groups of locally subexponential growth and is closed under taking inductive limits and extensions on the right by any amenable group. It follows that all free