April 2023 arXiv papers — page 19

Alen Vegi Kalamar

In this paper we extend counting of traversing Hamiltonian cycles from 2-tiled graphs to generalized tiled graphs. We further show that, for a fixed finite set of tiles, counting traversing Hamiltonian cycles can be done in linear time with respect to the size of such graph, implying counting Hamiltonian cycles in tiled graphs is fixed-parameter tractable.

Neil A. Ernst, John Klein, Marco Bartolini, Jeremy Coles

Software is a critical aspect of large-scale science, providing essential capabilities for making scientific discoveries. Large-scale scientific projects are vast in scope, with lifespans measured in decades and costs exceeding hundreds of millions of dollars. Successfully designing software that can exist for that span of time, at that scale, is challenging

Elisa C. Baek, Ryan Hyon, Karina López, Mason A. Porter

It has been proposed that information sharing, which is a ubiquitous and consequential behavior, plays a critical role in cultivating and maintaining a sense of shared reality. Across three studies, we tested this theory by investigating whether or not people are especially likely to share information that they believe will be interpreted similarly by others

J. Quirola-Vásquez, F. E. Bauer, P. G. Jonker, W. N. Brandt

Extragalactic fast X-ray transients (FXTs) are short flashes of X-ray photons of unknown origin that last a few minutes to hours. We extend the search for extragalactic FXTs from Quirola et al. 2022 (Paper I; based on sources in the Chandra Source Catalog 2.0, CSC2) to further Chandra archival data between 2014-2022. We extract X-ray data using a method simi

Erhan Bayraktar, Purba Das, Donghan Kim

We study how to construct a stochastic process on a finite interval with given `roughness' and finite joint moments of marginal distributions. We first extend Ciesielski's isomorphism along a general sequence of partitions, and provide a characterization of H\"older regularity of a function in terms of its Schauder coefficients. Using this characterization w

Anatoli Juditsky, Arkadi Nemirovski, Yao Xie, Chen Xu

We introduce a new computational framework for estimating parameters in generalized generalized linear models (GGLM), a class of models that extends the popular generalized linear models (GLM) to account for dependencies among observations in spatio-temporal data. The proposed approach uses a monotone operator-based variational inequality method to overcome

Sergio Davis, Gonzalo Avaria, Biswajit Bora, Jalaj Jain

Kappa-distributed velocities in plasmas are common in a wide variety of settings, from low-density to high-density plasmas. To date, they have been found mainly in space plasmas, but are recently being considered also in the modelling of laboratory plasmas. Despite being routinely employed, the origin of the kappa distribution remains, to this day, unclear.

Silvia Ferrario Ravasio, Carlo Oleari

We present the implementation of a next-to-leading-order plus parton-shower event generator for the hadronic production of a heavy charm quark accompanied by a leptonically-decaying $W$ boson in the POWHEG BOX RES framework. We consider both signatures, i.e. $pp\to c\, \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ and $pp\to \bar{c} \,\ell^+ {\nu}_{\ell}$, and we include exactly

Dirk Erhard, Tertuliano Franco, Tiecheng Xu

We provide a full description for the joint fluctuations of current and occupation time in the one-dimensional nonequilibrium simple symmetric exclusion process, furnishing explicit formulas for the covariances of the limiting Gaussian process. The main novelties consist of a proof of the tightness of the nonequilibrium current based on new correlation estim

Jie Lin, Manfred von Willich, Hoi-Kwong Lo

The Distributed Symmetric Key Establishment (DSKE) protocol provides secure secret exchange (e.g., for key exchange) between two honest parties that need not have had prior contact, and use intermediaries with whom they each securely share confidential data. We show the composable security of the DSKE protocol in the constructive cryptography framework of Ma

Kashimul Hossain, Ashish Kulkarni, Urvashi Bothra, Benjamin Klingebiel

[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) has been employed in perovskite single junction and tandem devices demonstrating high efficiencies. However, a uniform perovskite layer does not form due to the hydrophobicity of Me-4PACz. Here, we tackle this challenge by adding a conjugated polyelectrolyte po

Varun Bhatt, Heramb Nemlekar, Matthew C. Fontaine, Bryon Tjanaka

As human-robot interaction (HRI) systems advance, so does the difficulty of evaluating and understanding the strengths and limitations of these systems in different environments and with different users. To this end, previous methods have algorithmically generated diverse scenarios that reveal system failures in a shared control teleoperation task. However,

Thiago Alexandre, Gabriel Bittencourt Rios, Hugo Luiz Mariano

Building over some ideas of Ren\'e Guitart, we provide a categorical framework towards some deviation notions in abstract logic.

Kaidong Zhang, Dong Liu

We propose SAMed, a general solution for medical image segmentation. Different from the previous methods, SAMed is built upon the large-scale image segmentation model, Segment Anything Model (SAM), to explore the new research paradigm of customizing large-scale models for medical image segmentation. SAMed applies the low-rank-based (LoRA) finetuning strategy

Gourab Ray, Yinon Spinka

We establish new characterizations of amenability of graphs through two probabilistic notions: stochastic domination and finitary codings (also called finitary factors). On the stochastic domination side, we show that the plus state of the Ising model at very low temperature stochastically dominates a high density Bernoulli percolation if and only if the und

Will Rieger

Given the prevalence of crowd sourced labor in creating Natural Language processing datasets, these aforementioned sets have become increasingly large. For instance, the SQUAD dataset currently sits at over 80,000 records. However, because the English language is rather repetitive in structure, the distribution of word frequencies in the SQUAD dataset's cont

Toshiaki Fujiwara, Ernesto Pérez-Chavela

We develop a new geometrical technique to study relative equilibria for a system of $n$--positive masses, moving on the two dimensional sphere $\mathbb{S}^2$, under the influence of a general potential which only depends on the mutual distances among the masses. The big difficulty to study relative equilibria on $\mathbb{S}^2$, that we call $RE$ by short, is

Lucille Le Corre, Juan A. Sanchez, Vishnu Reddy, Adam Battle

Ground-based characterization of spacecraft targets prior to mission operations is critical to properly plan and execute measurements. Understanding surface properties, like mineralogical composition and phase curves (expected brightness at different viewing geometries) informs data acquisition during the flybys. Binary near-Earth asteroids (NEA) (35107) 199

Guo P. Chen, Gustavo E. Scuseria

Numerical difficulties associated with computing matrix elements of operators between Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) wavefunctions have plagued the development of HFB-based many-body theories for decades. The problem arises from divisions by zero in the standard formulation of the nonorthogonal Wick's theorem in the limit of vanishing HFB overlap. In this pap

Ramiro C. Saide, Michael A. Garrett, Nalini. Heeralall-Issur

Mobile communication towers represent a relatively new but growing contributor to the total radio leakage associated with planet Earth. We investigate the overall power contribution of mobile communication towers to the Earth\'s radio leakage budget, as seen from a selection of different nearby stellar systems. We created a model of this leakage using public

Noah Rhodes, Carleton Coffrin, Line Roald

Electric grid faults are increasingly the source of ignition for major wildfires. To reduce the likelihood of such ignitions in high risk situations, utilities use pre-emptive deenergization of power lines, commonly referred to as Public Safety Power Shut-offs (PSPS). Besides raising challenging trade-offs between power outages and wildfire safety, PSPS remo

Boris Zilber

We suggest to look at formal sentences describing complex algebraic varieties together with their universal covers as topological invariants. We prove that for abelian varieties and Shimura varieties this is indeed a complete invariant, i.e. it determines the variety up to complex conjugation.

Mark J. Hagmann

Others have solved the Schr\"odinger equation for a one-dimensional model having a square potential barrier in free-space by requiring an incident and a reflected wave in the semi-infinite pre-barrier region, two opposing waves in the square barrier, and a transmitted wave in the semi-infinite post-barrier region. Now we model a pre-barrier region having fin

Ming-Yang Zhuang, Yue Shen

We present a detailed analysis of the point spread function (PSF) of JWST NIRCam imaging in eight filters: F070W, F115W, F150W, F200W, F277W, F356W, F444W, and F480M, using publicly available data. Spatial variations in the PSF FWHM generally decrease with wavelength: the maximum and RMS fractional variations are $\sim20\%$ and $5\%$ in F070W, reduced to $\s

Koushik Sivarama Krishnan, P. J. Joe Nikesh, Swathi Gnanasekar, Karthik Sivarama Krishnan

An innovative two-stage methodology for categorizing blood clot origins is presented in this paper, which is important for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. First, a background classifier based on MobileNetV3 segments big whole-slide digital pathology images into numerous tiles to detect the presence of cellular material. After that, different

S. O. Juriaans, P. C. Queiroz

We study transition probabilities of generalized functions as introduced by Colombeau and Gsponer. We formally introduz the study of H. Bohr almost periodic functions in the generalized context and use them to give exact values of transition probabilities in dimension 2. We also prove the existence of transition probabilities, in the generalized sense, for a

Joey Hejna, Jensen Gao, Dorsa Sadigh

Sequential decision making algorithms often struggle to leverage different sources of unstructured offline interaction data. Imitation learning (IL) methods based on supervised learning are robust, but require optimal demonstrations, which are hard to collect. Offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms promise to learn from sub-optimal d

M. Van den Bossche, G. Lesur, G. Dubus

In dwarf nov{\ae} and low-mass X-ray binaries, the tidal potential excites spiral waves in the accretion disc. Spiral wave driven accretion may be important in quiescent discs, where the angular momentum transport mechanism has yet to be identified. Previous studies were limited to unrealistically high temperatures for numerical studies or to specific regime

Ignacio Loaiza, Artur F. Izmaylov

Computational cost of energy estimation for molecular electronic Hamiltonians via Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) grows with the difference between the largest and smallest eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. In this work we propose a preprocessing procedure that reduces the norm of the Hamiltonian without changing its eigenspectrum for the target states of a par

Mohammad A. Alhejji

Fundamental limits on communication rates over quantum channels are given by mathematical expressions involving entropic formulas. Often, it is unclear if these expressions are computable. This thesis describes contributions to the study of optimizing and approximating entropic formulas over relevant subsets of quantum states. It also describes progress on a

S. N. Santiesteban, S. Li, D. Abrams, S. Alsalmi

The electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron encode information on the spatial structure of their charge and magnetization distributions. While measurements of the proton are relatively straightforward, the lack of a free neutron target makes measurements of the neutron's electromagnetic structure more challenging and more sensitive to experime

Jason Duran, Mostofa Sakib, Nasir Eisty, Francesca Spezzano

The surge of research on fake news and misinformation in the aftermath of the 2016 election has led to a significant increase in publicly available source code repositories. Our study aims to systematically analyze and evaluate the most relevant repositories and their Python source code in this area to improve awareness, quality, and understanding of these r

Davide Rattacaso, Lorenzo Leone, Salvatore F. E. Oliviero, Alioscia Hamma

Stabilizer entropies (SE) measure deviations from stabilizer resources and as such are a fundamental ingredient for quantum advantage. In particular, the interplay of SE and entanglement is at the root of the complexity of classically simulating quantum many-body systems. In this paper, we study the dynamics of SE in a quantum many-body system away from the

Marco Hildebrandt, Duong Pham Thuy, Julian Kippenberger, Tillmann Lukas Wigger

Microgels are often discussed as well-suited model system for soft colloids. In contrast to rigid spheres, the microgel volume and, coupled to this, the volume fraction in dispersion can be manipulated by external stimuli. This behavior is particularly interesting at high packings where phase transitions can be induced by external triggers such as temperatur

Jacob Jones, Rebecca Conley, Xiangmin Jiao

Spectral element methods (SEM), which are extensions of finite element methods (FEM), are important emerging techniques for solving partial differential equations in physics and engineering. SEM can potentially deliver better accuracy due to the potential superconvergence for well-shaped tensor-product elements. However, for complex geometries, the accuracy

Alexis Roger, Esma Aïmeur, Irina Rish

Generative AI systems (ChatGPT, DALL-E, etc) are expanding into multiple areas of our lives, from art Rombach et al. [2021] to mental health Rob Morris and Kareem Kouddous [2022]; their rapidly growing societal impact opens new opportunities, but also raises ethical concerns. The emerging field of AI alignment aims to make AI systems reflect human values. Th

Mehdi Ounissi, Morwena Latouche, Daniel Racoceanu

Quantifying the phagocytosis of dynamic, unstained cells is essential for evaluating neurodegenerative diseases. However, measuring rapid cell interactions and distinguishing cells from background make this task very challenging when processing time-lapse phase-contrast video microscopy. In this study, we introduce an end-to-end, scalable, and versatile real

Raj Prince, Michal Zajaček, S. Panda, K. Hryniewicz

We present the wavelength-resolved reverberation mapping (RM) of combined MgII and UV FeII broad-line emissions for two intermediate redshifts (z$\sim$1), luminous quasars - HE 0413-4031 and HE 0435-4312, monitored by the SALT and 1-m class telescopes between 2012-2022. Through this technique, we aim to disentangle the Mg II and FeII emission regions and to

Steffen Oppermann, Hugh Thomas

We show that the index in higher-dimensional cluster categories mutates according to a higher-dimensional version of tropical coefficient dynamics.

Luzhou Zhang

The Clock-Drawing test is a well known and widely used neuropsychological metric to assess basic cognitive function. My objective is to combine methods of machine learning in computer vision and image analysis to predict a subject's level of cognitive impairment.

Shijie Cui, Agus Sudjianto, Aijun Zhang, Runze Li

Gradient-boosted decision trees (GBDT) are widely used and highly effective machine learning approach for tabular data modeling. However, their complex structure may lead to low robustness against small covariate perturbation in unseen data. In this study, we apply one-hot encoding to convert a GBDT model into a linear framework, through encoding of each tre

Tom Vandekerckhove, Tom Vanackere, Jasper De Witte, Stijn Cuyvers

High-speed Pockels modulation and second-order nonlinearities are key components in optical systems, but CMOS-compatible platforms like silicon and silicon nitride lack these capabilities. Micro-transfer printing of thin-film lithium niobate offers a solution, but suspending large areas of thin films for long interaction lengths and high-Q resonators is chal

William Dethier, Vincent Bourrier

We characterise the planet-occulted line distortions (POLDs) in absorption spectra of transiting planets, that arise from proxies used for the occulted stellar lines and investigate the impact of stellar rotation, centre-to-limb variations, and broadband limb-darkening. We used the EVaporating Exoplanets (EVE) code to generate realistic stellar spectra durin

R. C. Arango-Toro, L. Ciesla, O. Ilbert, B. Magnelli

Radio used as a star formation rate (SFR) tracer presents enormous advantages by being unaffected by dust and radio sources being pinpointed at the sub-arc-second level. The interpretation of the low frequency 1.4 GHz luminosity is hampered by the difficulty in modeling the cosmic ray paths in the interstellar medium, and their interactions with the magnetic

R. Primulando, J. Julio, N. Srimanobhas, P. Uttayarat

Recently, the CMS Collaboration performed a search on a new resonance decaying to $e^\pm\mu^\mp$ in the mass range of 110 GeV to 160 GeV. The search also hints a possible excess at 146 GeV with a $3.8\sigma~(2.8\sigma)$ of local (global) significance. Motivated by that, we try to interpret the results in the context of the type-III two-Higgs-doublet-model. W

Matteo M. Wauters, Chia-Min Chung, Lorenzo Maffi, Michele Burrello

The Anderson impurity model is a paradigmatic example in the study of strongly correlated quantum systems and describes an interacting quantum dot coupled to electronic leads. In this work, we characterize the emergence of the Kondo effect by investigating the model dynamics following a quantum quench based on matrix product state simulations. The relaxation

Joe McCaffrey, Samantha Hardin, John Wise, John Regan

Recent observations by JWST have uncovered galaxies in the very early universe via the JADES and CEERS surveys. These galaxies have been measured to have very high stellar masses with substantial star formation rates. There are concerns that these observations are in tension with the $\Lambda$CDM model of the universe, as the stellar masses of the galaxies a

Ricardo Gutiérrez, Adrián Canella-Ortiz, Carlos Pérez-Espigares

Dynamical fluctuations or rare events associated with atypical trajectories in chaotic maps due to specific initial conditions can crucially determine their fate, as the may lead to stability islands or regions in phase space otherwise displaying unusual behavior. Yet, finding such initial conditions is a daunting task precisely because of the chaotic nature

Lucas Kocia Kovalsky

We derive a theory of quantum gravity containing an AdS$_3$ isometry/qubit duality. The theory is based on a superalgebra generalization of the enveloping algebra of the homogeneous AdS$_3$ spacetime isometry group and is isomorphic to the complexified octonion algebra through canonical quantization. Its first three quaternion generators correspond to an $\h

Kevin T. Hayakawa, Bradley M. S. Hansen

Irregular satellites are the minor bodies found orbiting all four Solar System giant planets, with large semi-major axes, eccentricities, and inclinations. Previous studies have determined that the Solar System's irregular satellites are extremely collisionally evolved populations today, having lost $\sim$99 per cent of their initial mass over the course of

Guido Risaliti, Elisabeta Lusso, Emanuele Nardini, Giada Bargiacchi

In the past few years, we built a Hubble diagram of quasars up to redshift z$\sim$7, based on the nonlinear relation between quasars' x-ray and UV luminosities. Such a Hubble diagram shows a >4$\sigma$ deviation from the standard flat $\Lambda$CDM model at z>1.5. Given the important consequences of this result, it is fundamental to rule out any systematic ef

Aleksey Cherman, Theodore Jacobson

We explore the necessary conditions for 1-form symmetries to emerge in the long-distance limit when they are explicitly broken at short distances. A minimal requirement is that there exist operators which become topological at long distances and that these operators have non-trivial correlation functions. These criteria are obeyed when the would-be emergent

Natsuko Yamaguchi, Kareem El-Badry, Antonio C. Rodriguez, Maude Gull

We present follow-up spectroscopy of 21 cataclysmic variables (CVs) with evolved secondaries and ongoing or recently-terminated mass transfer. Evolutionary models predict that the secondaries should have anomalous surface abundances owing to nuclear burning in their cores during their main-sequence evolution and subsequent envelope stripping by their compani

Alexandre M. Pombo, João M. S. Oliveira, Nuno M. Santos

We construct and explore the physical properties of \textit{scalaroca stars}: spherically symmetric solitonic solutions made of a complex scalar field $\Phi$ and a complex Proca field $A^\mu$. We restrict our attention to configurations in which both fields are in the fundamental state and possess an equal mass, focusing on the cases when ($i$) the scalar an

Su-Kuan Chu, Guanyu Zhu, Alexey V. Gorshkov

Entanglement renormalization circuits are quantum circuits that can be used to prepare large-scale entangled states. For years, it has remained a mystery whether there exist scale-invariant entanglement renormalization circuits for chiral topological order. In this paper, we solve this problem by demonstrating entanglement renormalization circuits for a wide

F. P. A. Vogt, A. Mehner, P. Figueira, S. Yu

Ground-based optical astronomical observations supported by or in the vicinity of laser guide-star systems can be contaminated by Raman-scattered laser photons. Anticipating, alleviating, and correcting for the impact of this self-inflicted contamination requires a detailed knowledge of the pure-rotational and rotational-vibrational spectrum of the molecules

G. R. J. Lesur, S. Baghdadi, G. Wafflard-Fernandez, J. Mauxion

Exascale super-computers now becoming available rely on hybrid energy-efficient architectures that involve an accelerator such as Graphics Processing Units (GPU). Leveraging the computational power of these machines often means a significant rewrite of the numerical tools each time a new architecture becomes available. To address these issues, we present Ide

Akke Viitanen, Viola Allevato, Alexis Finoguenov, Francesco Shankar

In order to test active galactic nucleus (AGN) unification and evolutionary models, we measured the AGN clustering properties as a function of AGN obscuration defined in terms of hydrogen column density, $N_{\rm H}$. In addition to measuring the clustering of unobscured ($N_{\rm H} < 10^{22}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$) and moderately obscured ($10^{22} \leq N_{\rm H} <

Subir Sachdev

This review is a contribution to a book dedicated to the memory of Michael E. Fisher. The first example of a quantum many body system not expected to have any quasiparticle excitations was the Wilson-Fisher conformal field theory. The absence of quasiparticles can be established in the compressible, metallic state of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model of fermions w

M. Michael Denner, Titus Neupert, Frank Schindler

The classification of point gap topology in all local non-Hermitian symmetry classes has been recently established. However, many entries in the resulting periodic table have only been discussed in a formal setting and still lack a physical interpretation in terms of their bulk-boundary correspondence. Here, we derive the edge signatures of all two-dimension

Zhaoyan Liu, Noel Vouitsis, Satya Krishna Gorti, Jimmy Ba

We propose TR0N, a highly general framework to turn pre-trained unconditional generative models, such as GANs and VAEs, into conditional models. The conditioning can be highly arbitrary, and requires only a pre-trained auxiliary model. For example, we show how to turn unconditional models into class-conditional ones with the help of a classifier, and also in

Niels Henrik Aase, Christian Svingen Johnsen, Asle Sudbø

We consider superconductivity in a system with $N$ Fermi surfaces, including intraband and interband effective electron-electron interactions. The effective interaction is described by an $N \times N$ matrix whose elements are assumed to be constant in thin momentum shells around each Fermi surface, giving rise to $s$-wave superconductivity. Starting with at

Rafael Aoude, Kays Haddad, Andreas Helset

We calculate the scattering of two rotating objects with the linear-in-curvature spin-induced multipoles of Kerr black holes at $\mathcal{O}(G^2)$ and all orders in the spins of both objects. This is done including the complete set of contact terms potentially relevant to Kerr-black-hole scattering at $\mathcal{O}(G^2)$. As such, Kerr black holes should be d

Stephen Tian, Chelsea Finn, Jiajun Wu

Video is a promising source of knowledge for embodied agents to learn models of the world's dynamics. Large deep networks have become increasingly effective at modeling complex video data in a self-supervised manner, as evaluated by metrics based on human perceptual similarity or pixel-wise comparison. However, it remains unclear whether current metrics are

Arantxa Casanova, Marlène Careil, Adriana Romero-Soriano, Christopher J. Pal

Recent advances in conditional generative image models have enabled impressive results. On the one hand, text-based conditional models have achieved remarkable generation quality, by leveraging large-scale datasets of image-text pairs. To enable fine-grained controllability, however, text-based models require long prompts, whose details may be ignored by the

Nathan J. Adams, Christopher J. Conselice, Duncan Austin, Thomas Harvey

We present an analysis of the ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF) and star formation rate density of distant galaxies ($7.5 < z < 13.5$) in the `blank' fields of the Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization Science (PEARLS) survey combined with Early Release Science (ERS) data from the CEERS, GLASS, NGDEEP surveys/fields and the first data release of J

M. J. Rickard, D. Pauli

Most massive stars are believed to be born in close binary systems where they can exchange mass, which impacts the evolution of both binary components. Their evolution is of great interest in the search for the progenitors of gravitational waves. However, there are unknowns in the physics of mass transfer as observational examples are rare, especially at low

Alexander Migdal

We have found an infinite dimensional manifold of exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes loop equation for the Wilson loop in decaying Turbulence in arbitrary dimension $d >2$. This solution family is equivalent to a fractal curve in complex space $\mathbb C^d$ with random steps parametrized by $N$ Ising variables $\sigma_i=\pm 1$, in addition to a rational nu

Dominik Honegger, Konstantin Schürholt, Damian Borth

With growing size of Neural Networks (NNs), model sparsification to reduce the computational cost and memory demand for model inference has become of vital interest for both research and production. While many sparsification methods have been proposed and successfully applied on individual models, to the best of our knowledge their behavior and robustness ha

Théophile Berteloot, Richard Khoury, Audrey Durand

Association rule mining is one of the most studied research fields of data mining, with applications ranging from grocery basket problems to explainable classification systems. Classical association rule mining algorithms have several limitations, especially with regards to their high execution times and number of rules produced. Over the past decade, neural

Xiao Yan Xu, Tarun Grover

We investigate a 2+1-D interacting Dirac semimetal with onsite flavor SU(2) symmetry. Topological considerations imply that the skyrmions in the flavor-symmetry-breaking phase carry electron quantum numbers, motivating a dual bosonized low energy description in terms of two complex scalars coupled to an abelian Chern-Simons field. We propose that the transit

Sergey Norin, Jérémie Turcotte

Motivated by Hadwiger's conjecture, Seymour asked which graphs $H$ have the property that every non-null graph $G$ with no $H$ minor has a vertex of degree at most $|V(H)|-2$. We show that for every monotone graph family $\mathcal{F}$ with strongly sublinear separators, all sufficiently large bipartite graphs $H \in \mathcal{F}$ with bounded maximum degree h

Debadutta Dash, Rahul Thapa, Juan M. Banda, Akshay Swaminathan

Despite growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) in healthcare, current explorations do not assess the real-world utility and safety of LLMs in clinical settings. Our objective was to determine whether two LLMs can serve information needs submitted by physicians as questions to an informatics consultation service in a safe and concordant manner

M. Hamed, K. Małek, V. Buat, Junais

Aims. We investigate dust attenuation of 122 heavily dust-obscured galaxies detected with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and Herschel in the COSMOS field. We search for correlations between dust attenuation recipes and the variation of physical parameters, mainly the effective radii of galaxies, their star formation rates (SFR), and stellar masses

Jingfeng Yang, Hongye Jin, Ruixiang Tang, Xiaotian Han

This paper presents a comprehensive and practical guide for practitioners and end-users working with Large Language Models (LLMs) in their downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. We provide discussions and insights into the usage of LLMs from the perspectives of models, data, and downstream tasks. Firstly, we offer an introduction and brief summa

Vasileios Chousionis, Sean Li, Robert Young

We prove that in the first Heisenberg group, unlike Euclidean spaces and higher dimensional Heisenberg groups, the best possible exponent for the strong geometric lemma for intrinsic Lipschitz graphs is $4$ instead of $2$. Combined with earlier work from arXiv:2004.11447 and arXiv:2207.03013, our result completes the proof of the strong geometric lemma in He

Francesco Alemanno, Luca Camanzi, Gianluca Manzan, Daniele Tantari

While Hopfield networks are known as paradigmatic models for memory storage and retrieval, modern artificial intelligence systems mainly stand on the machine learning paradigm. We show that it is possible to formulate a teacher-student self-supervised learning problem with Boltzmann machines in terms of a suitable generalization of the Hopfield model with st

Lior Bary-Soroker, Alexei Entin, Eilidh McKemmie

We study the distribution of the Galois group of a random $q$-additive polynomial over a rational function field: For $q$ a power of a prime $p$, let $f=X^{q^n}+a_{n-1}X^{q^{n-1}}+\ldots+a_1X^q+a_0X$ be a random polynomial chosen uniformly from the set of $q$-additive polynomials of degree $n$ and height $d$, that is, the coefficients are independent uniform

A. A. Markov, D. B. Golovanova, A. R. Yavorsky, A. N. Rubtsov

A system having macroscopic patches in different topological phases have no well-defined global topological invariant. To treat such a case, the quantities labeling different areas of the sample according to their topological state are used, dubbed local topological markers. Here we study their dynamics. We concentrate on two quantities, namely local Chern m

Mogeng Li, Woutijn J. Baars, Ivan Marusic, Nicholas Hutchins

We investigate the underlying physics behind the change in amplitude modulation coefficient in non-canonical wall-bounded flows in the framework of the inner-outer interaction model (IOIM) (Baars et al., Phys. Rev. Fluids 1 (5), 054406). The IOIM captures the amplitude modulation effect, and here we focus on extending the model to non-canonical flows. An ana

Barbara Bodinier, Dragana Vuckovic, Sabrina Rodrigues, Sarah Filippi

In consensus clustering, a clustering algorithm is used in combination with a subsampling procedure to detect stable clusters. Previous studies on both simulated and real data suggest that consensus clustering outperforms native algorithms. We extend here consensus clustering to allow for attribute weighting in the calculation of pairwise distances using exi

H. H. Wensink, E. Grelet

Elongated colloidal rods at sufficient packing conditions are known to form stable lamellar or smectic phases. Using a simplified volume-exclusion model, we propose a generic equation-of-state for hard-rod smectics that is robust against simulation results and is independent of the rod aspect ratio. We then extend our theory by exploring the elastic properti

Fangjian Lin, Jianlong Yuan, Sitong Wu, Fan Wang

Vision Transformers have shown great potential in computer vision tasks. Most recent works have focused on elaborating the spatial token mixer for performance gains. However, we observe that a well-designed general architecture can significantly improve the performance of the entire backbone, regardless of which spatial token mixer is equipped. In this paper

Tamás Róbert Mezei

We solve the $r$-star covering problem in simple orthogonal polygons, also known as the point guard problem in simple orthogonal polygons with rectangular vision, in quadratic time.

Chen Luo, Kai Chen, Victor Ukleev, Sebastian Wintz

Isolated magnetic skyrmions are stable, topologically protected spin textures that are at the forefront of research interests today due to their potential applications in information technology. A distinct class of skyrmion hosts are rare earth - transition metal (RE-TM) ferrimagnetic materials. To date, the nature and the control of basic traits of skyrmion

Howon Kim, Dirk K. Morr, Roland Wiesendanger

Realizing hybrids of low-dimensional Kondo lattices and superconducting substrates leads to fascinating platforms for studying the exciting physics of strongly correlated electron systems with induced superconducting pairing. Here, we report a scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of a new type of two-dimensional (2D) La-Ce alloy grown epitaxi

Nimisha Pahuja

Ayyer and Linusson studied correlations in the multispecies TASEP on a ring (Trans AMS, 2017) using a combinatorial analysis of the multiline queues construction defined by Ferrari and Martin (AOP, 2008). It is natural to explore whether an analogous application of appropriate multiline queues could give similar results for the partially asymmetric case. In

Zdeněk Dvořák, Daniel Lokshtanov, Fahad Panolan, Saket Saurabh

We investigate a fundamental vertex-deletion problem called (Induced) Subgraph Hitting: given a graph $G$ and a set $\mathcal{F}$ of forbidden graphs, the goal is to compute a minimum-sized set $S$ of vertices of $G$ such that $G-S$ does not contain any graph in $\mathcal{F}$ as an (induced) subgraph. This is a generic problem that encompasses many well-know

Thalia S. Santana, Taciana N. Kudo, Renato F. Bulcão-Neto

The activities of requirements engineering and software testing are intrinsically related to each other, as these two areas are linked when seeking to specify and also ensure the expectations of a software product, with quality and on time. This systematic mapping study aims to verify how requirements and testing are being addressed together in the education

M. Bagherikalhor, B. Askari, G. R. Jafari

Parisi demonstrated in 1979 that pairwise interactions exhibit a glass spin phase when there is disorder. While he discovered an equilibrium solution of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) spin-glass model and we know it as a continuous phase transition, the model dedicated to pairwise interactions and higher-order interactions has not been addressed. This rese

Owen Tanner

Let $\Gamma$ be a dense countable subgroup of $\mathbb{R}$. Then, consider $IE(\Gamma)$; the group of piecewise linear bijections of $[0,1]$ with finitely many angles, all in $\Gamma$. We introduce and systematically study a family of partial transformation groupoids coming from inverse semigroups, $\mathcal{G}_\Gamma$, that realise $IE(\Gamma)$ as a topolog

Parth Chavan

If $S$ is a numerical semigroup, let $m(S,k)$ denote the number of ideals of $S$ with codimension $k$ and let $n(S,k)$ denote the number of ideals of $S$ with conductor $k$. We compute the generating function of the sequence $m(S,k)$ for all numerical semigroups of embedding dimension $2$ and for $S = \langle 3,n+2,2n+1\rangle$. We also prove that the sequen

Yijing Wu, SaiKrishna Rallabandi, Ravisutha Srinivasamurthy, Parag Pravin Dakle

Spoken question answering (SQA) systems are critical for digital assistants and other real-world use cases, but evaluating their performance is a challenge due to the importance of human-spoken questions. This study presents a new large-scale community-shared SQA dataset called HeySQuAD, which includes 76k human-spoken questions, 97k machine-generated questi

Tobias Müller, Milena Zahn, Florian Matthes

The disruptive potential of AI systems roots in the emergence of big data. Yet, a significant portion is scattered and locked in data silos, leaving its potential untapped. Federated Machine Learning is a novel AI paradigm enabling the creation of AI models from decentralized, potentially siloed data. Hence, Federated Machine Learning could technically open

Arpan Kundu, Giulia Galli

We present a study of molecular crystals, focused on the effect of nuclear quantum motion and anharmonicity on their electronic properties. We consider a system composed of relatively rigid molecules, a diamondoid crystal, and one composed of floppier molecules, NAI-DMAC, a thermally activated delayed fluorescence compound. We compute fundamental electronic

P. Forgacs, A. Libal, C. Reichhardt, N. Hengartner

One of the most notable features in repulsive particle based active matter systems is motility-induced-phase separation (MIPS) where a dense, often crystalline phase coexists with a low density fluid. In most active matter studies, the activity is kept constant as a function of time; however, there are many examples of active systems in which individual part

Kyungrak Son, Aditya Ramamoorthy

Polynomial based approaches, such as the Mat-Dot and entangled polynomial codes (EPC) have been used extensively within coded matrix computations to obtain schemes with good recovery thresholds. However, these schemes are well-recognized to suffer from poor numerical stability in decoding. Moreover, the encoding process in these schemes involves linearly com

Mike Verostek, Molly Griston, Jesus Botello, Benjamin Zwickl

"So what do you do? I mean, what do you actually do?" This is one of the most common questions one theoretical physicist receives from her students, and is representative of a common curiosity among aspiring physicists. Students often misunderstand what different types of physicists actually do. For many, the term "theoretical physicist" likely conjures ment

Fraser Eadie, Matthew P Gibbins, Graham Gibson, Matthias Marti

Plasmodium spp. are the protozoan parasites responsible for malaria. Plasmodium spp. synthesise a biocrystal, hemozoin, which can be observed under cross-polarised light. These birefringent crystals can be seen due to different refractive indices of the hemozoin crystal and red blood cells. Here, we present a polarised light modular microscopy (Pol-ModMicro)

Maksym Luz, Mikhail Moklyachuk

We consider a stochastic sequence $\xi(m)$ with periodically stationary generalized multiple increments of fractional order which combines cyclostationary, multi-seasonal, integrated and fractionally integrated patterns. The filtering problem is solved for this type of sequences based on observations with a periodically stationary noise. When spectral densit