February 2024 arXiv papers — page 92

Niall Taylor, Upamanyu Ghose, Omid Rohanian, Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji

The entry of large language models (LLMs) into research and commercial spaces has led to a trend of ever-larger models, with initial promises of generalisability, followed by a widespread desire to downsize and create specialised models without the need for complete fine-tuning, using Parameter Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) methods. We present an investigatio

Yasuo Sasaki, Keigo Yamada, Takayuki Nagata, Yuji Saito

We propose a data-driven sensor-selection algorithm for accurate estimation of the target variables from the selected measurements. The target variables are assumed to be estimated by a ridge-regression estimator which is trained based on the data. The proposed algorithm greedily selects sensors for minimizing the cost function of the estimator. Sensor selec

Joohyung Lee, Heejeong Nam, Kwanhyung Lee, Sangchul Hahn

Whole-slide image (WSI) classification is a challenging task because 1) patches from WSI lack annotation, and 2) WSI possesses unnecessary variability, e.g., stain protocol. Recently, Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) has made significant progress, allowing for classification based on slide-level, rather than patch-level, annotations. However, existing MIL me

Zi-Li Yue, Quan-Yun Guo, Dian-Yong Chen

Stimulated by the observation of a new structure, named $\Lambda_{c}(2910)$, in the $\Sigma_{c}(2455)^{0,++}\pi^{+,-}$ decay channel from B meson decay process by the Belle Collaboration, and the similarity of the $\Lambda_{c}(2910)/\Lambda_{c}(2940)$ and $P_{c}$ states, we investigate the decay behavior of the $\Lambda_{c}(2910)$ and $\Lambda_{c}(2940)$ in

Xu Gan, Chongwen Huang, Zhaohui Yang, Caijun Zhong

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has great potential to improve the performance of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems, especially in scenarios where line-of-sight paths between the base station and users are blocked. However, the spectral efficiency (SE) of RIS-aided ISAC uplink transmissions may be drastically reduced by the heavy b

Chao Qin, Daniel Russo

Practitioners conducting adaptive experiments often encounter two competing priorities: maximizing total welfare (or `reward') through effective treatment assignment and swiftly concluding experiments to implement population-wide treatments. Current literature addresses these priorities separately, with regret minimization studies focusing on the former and

Brent Austgen, John J. Hasenbein, Erhan Kutanoglu

We present an optimization model defined on the manifold of the set of stochastic matrices. Geometrically, the model is akin to identifying a maximum-volume $n$-dimensional simplex that has a given barycenter and is enclosed by the $n$-dimensional standard simplex. Maximizing the volume of a simplex is equivalent to maximizing the determinant of its correspo

Laurane Fréour, Alice Zocchi, Glenn van de Ven, Elena Pancino

Accretion disks surrounding stellar mass black holes (BHs) have been suggested as potential locations for the nucleosynthesis of light elements, which are our primary observational discriminant of multiple stellar populations within globular clusters. The population of enriched stars in globular clusters are enhanced in N14, Na23, and sometimes in Al27 and/o

A. J. Macfarlane

This article is about Pi Formulas, infinite series of fractions which sum to multiples of Pi. Each such one can be associated with a unique set $S_k$ of rough numbers, where $k$ is a prime number. Given $S_k$ for any prime $k$, the set $S_{k^{\prime}}$, where $k^{\prime}$ is the smallest prime greater than $k$, can be constructed easily. From this it follows

Chris Wendler, Veniamin Veselovsky, Giovanni Monea, Robert West

We ask whether multilingual language models trained on unbalanced, English-dominated corpora use English as an internal pivot language -- a question of key importance for understanding how language models function and the origins of linguistic bias. Focusing on the Llama-2 family of transformer models, our study uses carefully constructed non-English prompts

ZhaoWei Du, HouJun Lü, Yong Yuan, Xing Yang

Recently, a lack of supernova-associated long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB 230307A) at such a low redshift $z=0.065$, but associated with a possible kilonova emission, has attracted great attention. Its heavy element nucleosynthesis and the characteristic of soft X-ray emission suggests that the central engine of GRB 230307A is magnetar which is originated

Zae Myung Kim, Kwang Hee Lee, Preston Zhu, Vipul Raheja

With the advent of large language models (LLM), the line between human-crafted and machine-generated texts has become increasingly blurred. This paper delves into the inquiry of identifying discernible and unique linguistic properties in texts that were written by humans, particularly uncovering the underlying discourse structures of texts beyond their surfa

Arnab Sarkar, Allan S. Johnson

Condensed phase systems often exhibit a mixture of deterministic and stochastic dynamics at the nanoscale which are essential to understanding their function, but can be challenging to study directly using conventional imaging methods. Coherent X-ray imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for studying both nanoscale structures and dynamics in condensed phase

J. A. Koziol, M. Mühlhauser, K. P. Schmidt

We study the low-field ground-state (GS) properties of the antiferromagnetic transverse-field Ising model with long-range interactions (afLRTFIM) on the triangular lattice. We use the method of perturbative continuous unitary transformations (pCUT) to derive an effective model for the degenerate GS space of the antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbour (NN) Ising

D. Kennedy, C. M. Roach, M. Giacomin, P. Ivanov

[ABRIDGED] This paper discusses the importance of parallel perturbations of the magnetic-field in gyrokinetic simulations of electromagnetic instabilities and turbulence at mid-radius in the burning plasma phase of the conceptual high-$\beta$, reactor-scale, tight-aspect-ratio tokamak STEP. Previous studies have revealed the presence of unstable hybrid kinet

Jérémie Chalopin, Shantanu Das, Maria Kokkou

Leader Election is an important primitive for programmable matter, since it is often an intermediate step for the solution of more complex problems. Although the leader election problem itself is well studied even in the specific context of programmable matter systems, research on fault tolerant approaches is more limited. We consider the problem in the prev

Patrick B. Hall, E. Weiss, W. N. Brandt, C. J. Mulholland

Quasar winds can shock and sweep up ambient interstellar medium (ISM) gas, contributing to galactic quenching. We combine and extend past models of energy-conserving shock bubbles around quasars, investigate model implications from an observational standpoint, and test model predictions using new high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the broad absorp

Steven Landgraf, Markus Hillemann, Theodor Kapler, Markus Ulrich

Quantifying the predictive uncertainty emerged as a possible solution to common challenges like overconfidence or lack of explainability and robustness of deep neural networks, albeit one that is often computationally expensive. Many real-world applications are multi-modal in nature and hence benefit from multi-task learning. In autonomous driving, for examp

Lea Fernandez, Siegfried Hess, Sabine H. L. Klapp

We discuss the two-dimensional motion of a Brownian particle that is confined to a harmonic trap and driven by a shear flow. The surrounding medium induces memory effects modelled by a linear, typically nonreciprocal coupling of the particle coordinates to an auxiliary (hidden) variable. The system's behavior resulting from the microscopic Langevin equations

Ali Suri

Utilizing structure constants, we present a version of the Misiolek criterion for identifying conjugate points. We propose an approach that enables us to locate these points along solutions of the quasi-geostrophic equations on the sphere $\Sph^2$. We demonstrate that for any spherical harmonics $Y_{lm}$ with $1 \leq |m| \leq l$, except for $Y_{1\pm1}$ and $

Sergey N. Tumanov

The Molchanov's condition is a necessary condition for the compactness of the resolvent for a wide class of ordinary differential operators of arbitrary order, but for the Sturm-Liouville operator it is not sufficient, even if the real part of the potential is non-negative. Molchanov's criterion remains valid in the formulation closest to the original one fo

Pranjal, Atul Chaturvedi

In this survey we propose to cover the prose of post-quantum cryptography over classical cryptography. We talk about the various cryptographic methods that are being practiced to safeguard our information. The future of secure communication is expected to be the implementation of quantum-safe cryptographic systems, and that in the post-quantum era, the devel

Mohammad Hossein Amani, Nicolas Mario Baldwin, Amin Mansouri, Martin Josifoski

Traditional language models, adept at next-token prediction in text sequences, often struggle with transduction tasks between distinct symbolic systems, particularly when parallel data is scarce. Addressing this issue, we introduce \textit{symbolic autoencoding} ($\Sigma$AE), a self-supervised framework that harnesses the power of abundant unparallel data al

Niko Hauzenberger, Massimiliano Marcellino, Michael Pfarrhofer, Anna Stelzer

We develop Bayesian machine learning methods for mixed data sampling (MIDAS) regressions. This involves handling frequency mismatches and specifying functional relationships between many predictors and the dependent variable. We use Gaussian processes (GPs) and compress the input space with structured and unstructured MIDAS variants. This yields several vers

Zhen Zhang, Yuhua Zhao, Hang Gao, Mengting Hu

Named Entity Recognition (NER) serves as a fundamental task in natural language understanding, bearing direct implications for web content analysis, search engines, and information retrieval systems. Fine-tuned NER models exhibit satisfactory performance on standard NER benchmarks. However, due to limited fine-tuning data and lack of knowledge, it performs p

Hannah Bendin, Benjamin Schwager, Jamal Berakdar

Quantum particles under geometric constraints are sensitive to the geometry and topology of the underlying space. We analytically study the laser-driven nonlinear dynamics of a quantum particle whose motion is constrained to a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold embedded in a three-dimensional hyperspace. The geometry of space results in a potential-like ter

Abhinav Awasthi, Atul Chaturvedi

The advantages of post-quantum cryptography over classical cryptography are covered in this survey. We address several post-quantum cryptography techniques. We conclude that the deployment of quantum-safe cryptographic systems is anticipated to be the future of secure communication, and that the development of post-quantum cryptography is essential to guaran

Erblin Isaku, Christoph Laaber, Hassan Sartaj, Shaukat Ali

The Cancer Registry of Norway (CRN) uses an automated cancer registration support system (CaReSS) to support core cancer registry activities, i.e, data capture, data curation, and producing data products and statistics for various stakeholders. GURI is a core component of CaReSS, which is responsible for validating incoming data with medical rules. Such medi

Afra Amini, Tim Vieira, Ryan Cotterell

Direct preference optimization (DPO) is a successful fine-tuning strategy for aligning large language models with human preferences without the need to train a reward model or employ reinforcement learning. DPO, as originally formulated, relies on binary preference data and fine-tunes a language model to increase the likelihood of a preferred response over a

Ivan Prusak, Davide Torlo, Monica Nonino, Gianluigi Rozza

Using Domain Decomposition (DD) algorithm on non--overlapping domains, we compare couplings of different discretisation models, such as Finite Element (FEM) and Reduced Order (ROM) models for separate subcomponents. In particular, we consider an optimisation-based DD model where the coupling on the interface is performed using a control variable representing

Andrea Adriani, Rosita Luisa Sormani, Cristina Tablino-Possio, Rolf Krause

The current study investigates the asymptotic spectral properties of a finite difference approximation of nonlocal Helmholtz equations with a Caputo fractional Laplacian and a variable coefficient wave number $\mu$, as it occurs when considering a wave propagation in complex media, characterized by nonlocal interactions and spatially varying wave speeds. Mor

Benno van den Berg, Freek Geerligs

We will show make two contributions to the theory of effective Kan fibrations, which are a more explicit version of the notion of a Kan fibration, a notion which plays a fundamental role in simplicial homotopy theory. We will show that simplicial Malcev algebras are effective Kan complexes and that the effective Kan fibrations can be seen as the right class

Yogesh Tripathi, Raghav Donakanti, Sahil Girhepuje, Ishan Kavathekar

Recent advancements in language technology and Artificial Intelligence have resulted in numerous Language Models being proposed to perform various tasks in the legal domain ranging from predicting judgments to generating summaries. Despite their immense potential, these models have been proven to learn and exhibit societal biases and make unfair predictions.

Silvia Bartolucci, Francesco Caravelli, Fabio Caccioli, Pierpaolo Vivo

The Katz centrality of a node in a complex network is a measure of the node's importance as far as the flow of information across the network is concerned. For ensembles of locally tree-like and undirected random graphs, this observable is a random variable. Its full probability distribution is of interest but difficult to handle analytically because of its

Jindrich Dunik, Martin Orejas

The paper deals with the allocation of the probability of false alert within the advanced receiver integrity monitoring method. Namely, the stress is laid on the correct computation of the probability of false alert per sample under assumption of time-correlated pseudorange noise. Detailed analysis of the dependence of the probability of false alert per samp

Lars Meschede, Benjamin Schwager, Dominik Schulz, Jamal Berakdar

Quantum mechanics is sensitive to the geometry of the underlying space. Here, we present a framework for quantum scattering of a non-relativistic particle confined to a two-dimensional space. When the motion manifold hosts localized curvature modulations, scattering occurs from an emergent geometric potential and the metric tensor field. Analytical and full

Bohnishikha Ghosh, Anat Daniel, Bernard Gorzkowski, Aleksandr Y. Bekshaev

Local propagation and energy flux in structured optical fields is often associated with the Poynting vector. However, the local phase gradient (i.e., local wavevector) in monochromatic fields in free space is described by another fundamental quantity: the canonical momentum density. The distributions of the Poynting and canonical momentum densities can diffe

Jinshi Zhao, Qindong Zheng, Ali Anil Demircali, Xiaotong Guo

Treatment for high-grade precancerous cervical lesions and early-stage cancers, mainly affecting women of reproductive age, often involves fertility-sparing treatment methods. Commonly used local treatments for cervical precancers have shown the risk of leaving a positive cancer margin and engendering subsequent complications according to the precision and d

Daijiro Suematsu

Cosmological and astrophysical observations suggest that both energy densities of baryon and dark matter take the same order values in the present Universe. We propose a scenario to give an answer for this problem in a scotogenic model and its extension. The model naturally provides dark matter candidates as its crucial ingredients to explain the small neutr

José Luis Hernández-Pastora

The standard theory of General Relativity (GR) currently provides the most reliable description of all gravitational events in Astrophysics and Cosmology. However, current Astronomy allows measurements that contradict the predictions of GR in some gravitational scenarios such as the accelerated expansion of the Universe, the fast rotation of cluster of galax

Andrey Ivanov, Alexander Osinsky, Roman Bychkov, Vladimir Kalinin

In this paper, we propose a trainable least squares (LS) approach for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals in a hybrid beamforming (HBF) system. Compared to digital beamforming (DBF), in HBF technology the number of antennas exceeds the number of digital ports. Therefore, PAPR reduction

Violeta N. Ivanova-Rohling, Niklas Rohling, Guido Burkard

Exchange-only quantum computation is a version of spin-based quantum computation that entirely avoids the difficulty of controlling individual spins by a magnetic field and instead functions by sequences of exchange pulses. The challenge for exchange-only quantum computation is to find short sequences that generate the required logical quantum gates. A reduc

Achille Globo, Antonio Trevisi, Andrea Zugarini, Leonardo Rigutini

Paraphrasing is the task of re-writing an input text using other words, without altering the meaning of the original content. Conversational systems can exploit automatic paraphrasing to make the conversation more natural, e.g., talking about a certain topic using different paraphrases in different time instants. Recently, the task of automatically generatin

R. Ganeshbabu, G. Arunkumar

Fix $m \in \mathbb N$. A new generalization of the $H$-join operation of a family of graphs $\{G_1, G_2, \dots, G_k\}$ constrained by indexing maps $I_1,I_2,\dots,I_k$ is introduced as $H_m$-join of graphs, where the maps $I_i:V(G_i)$ to $[m]$. Various spectra, including adjacency, Laplacian, and signless Laplacian spectra, of any graph $G$, which is a $H_m$

Jesús Laliena, Victor López Solís, Ivan Shestakov

The Jacobson Coordinatization Theorem describes the structure of unitary Jordan algebras containing the algebra $H_n(F)$ of symmetric nxn matrices over a field F with the same identity element, for $n\geq 3$. In this paper we extend the Jacobson Coordinatization Theorem for n=2. Specifically, we prove that if J is a unitary Jordan algebra containing the Jord

Chiyu Zhang, Yifei Sun, Jun Chen, Jie Lei

Leveraging users' long engagement histories is essential for personalized content recommendations. The success of pretrained language models (PLMs) in NLP has led to their use in encoding user histories and candidate items, framing content recommendations as textual semantic matching tasks. However, existing works still struggle with processing very long use

Xiaobo Guo, Soroush Vosoughi

Aspect-based summarization has seen significant advancements, especially in structured text. Yet, summarizing disordered, large-scale texts, like those found in social media and customer feedback, remains a significant challenge. Current research largely targets predefined aspects within structured texts, neglecting the complexities of dynamic and disordered

Andrea Pazienza, Nicola Macchiarulo, Felice Vitulano, Antonio Fiorentini

From robots that replace workers to robots that serve as helpful colleagues, the field of robotic automation is experiencing a new trend that represents a huge challenge for component manufacturers. The contribution starts from an innovative vision that sees an ever closer collaboration between Cobot, able to do a specific physical job with precision, the AI

Minghan Wang, Thuy-Trang Vu, Yuxia Wang, Ehsan Shareghi

Simultaneous machine translation (SimulMT) presents a challenging trade-off between translation quality and latency. Recent studies have shown that LLMs can achieve good performance in SimulMT tasks. However, this often comes at the expense of high inference cost and latency. In this paper, we propose a conversational SimulMT framework to enhance the inferen

Aishwarya Jayagopal, Hansheng Xue, Ziyang He, Robert J. Walsh

Cancer remains a global challenge due to its growing clinical and economic burden. Its uniquely personal manifestation, which makes treatment difficult, has fuelled the quest for personalized treatment strategies. Thus, genomic profiling is increasingly becoming part of clinical diagnostic panels. Effective use of such panels requires accurate drug response

Kingman Cheung, Wanyon Hsiao, C. J. Ouseph, Chen Wang

In this work, we calculate the sensitivities on the gauge-boson couplings $g_{aZZ}$, $g_{aZ\gamma}$, and $g_{aWW}$ of an axion-like particle (ALP) that one can achieve at the LHC with $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV and integrated luminosities of 300 fb$^{-1}$ (current run) and 3000 fb$^{-1}$ (High-Luminosity LHC). We focus on the associated production processes $pp\to Za

B. M. Takács, G. Svantnerné Sebestyén, I. Faragó

The mathematical modeling of the propagation of illnesses has an important role from both mathematical and biological points of view. In this article, we observe an SEIR-type model with a general incidence rate and a non-constant recruitment rate function. First, we observe the qualitative properties of different methods: first-order and higher-order strong

Yujia Zhou, Qiannan Zhu, Jiajie Jin, Zhicheng Dou

Traditional search engines usually provide identical search results for all users, overlooking individual preferences. To counter this limitation, personalized search has been developed to re-rank results based on user preferences derived from query logs. Deep learning-based personalized search methods have shown promise, but they rely heavily on abundant tr

Yusuf Brima, Ulf Krumnack, Simone Pika, Gunther Heidemann

This paper tackles the scarcity of benchmarking data in disentangled auditory representation learning. We introduce SynTone, a synthetic dataset with explicit ground truth explanatory factors for evaluating disentanglement techniques. Benchmarking state-of-the-art methods on SynTone highlights its utility for method evaluation. Our results underscore strengt

Hannah Collier, Laura A. Hayes, Sijie Yu, Andrea F. Battaglia

Aims: This work aims to identify the mechanism driving pulsations in hard X-ray (HXR) and microwave emission during solar flares. Here, by using combined HXR and microwave observations from Solar Orbiter/STIX and EOVSA we investigate an X1.3 GOES class flare, 2022-03-30T17:21:00, which displays pulsations on timescales evolving from ~ 7 s in the impulsive ph

Carlo Gaetan, Paolo Girardi, Victor Muthama Musau

In the era of climate change, the distribution of climate variables evolves with changes not limited to the mean value. Consequently, clustering algorithms based on central tendency could produce misleading results when used to summarize spatial and/or temporal patterns. We present a novel approach to spatial clustering of time series based on quantiles usin

Jipeng Xu, Yuanhao Mao, Jianfa Zhang, Biao Yang

Non-Hermitian optics has revealed a series of counterintuitive phenomena with profound implications for sensing, lasing, and light manipulation. While the non-Hermiticity of Hamitonians is well-recognized, recent advancements in non-Hermitian physics have broadened to include scattering matrices, uncovering phenomena such as simultaneous lasing and coherent

Marit Mol Lous, Christoph Mordasini, Ravit Helled

Out of the more than 5,000 detected exoplanets a considerable number belongs to a category called 'mini-Neptunes'. Interior models of these planets suggest that they have some primordial, H-He dominated atmosphere. As this type of planet does not occur in the solar system, understanding their formation is a key challenge in planet formation theory. Unfortuna

Nicholas Asher, Swarnadeep Bhar

Despite great performance on many tasks, language models (LMs) still struggle with reasoning, sometimes providing responses that cannot possibly be true because they stem from logical incoherence. We call such responses \textit{strong hallucinations} and prove that they follow from an LM's computation of its internal representations for logical operators and

Roi Blumberg, Sara B. Tukachinsky

We give a computability result for open Gromov-Witten invariants based on open WDVV equations. This is analogous to the result of Kontsevich-Manin for closed Gromov-Witten invariants. For greater generality, we base the argument on a formal object, the Frobenius superpotential, that generalizes several different definitions of open Gromov-Witten invariants.

A. Druzhinin, Håkon Kolderup, Paul Arne Østvær

We investigate Cousin (bi-)complexes in the setting of motives. Over essentially smooth local schemes, the columns of the Cousin bicomplex with coefficients in any stable motivic homotopy type are shown to be acyclic. On the other hand, we also construct a family of non-acyclic Cousin complexes over any positive dimensional base scheme. Our method of proof e

Kamila Zaman, Tasnim Ahmed, Muhammad Abdullah Hanif, Alberto Marchisio

Hybrid Quantum-Classical Machine Learning (ML) is an emerging field, amalgamating the strengths of both classical neural networks and quantum variational circuits on the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. This paper performs an extensive comparative analysis between different hybrid quantum-classical machine learning algorithms, namely Quantum

Jiayan Yang, Hechao Chen, Junchao Hong, Bo Yang

Similar to the cases of anemone jets, two-sided loop solar jets could also be produced by either flux emergence from the solar interior or small scale filament eruptions. Using the high-quality data from the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO), we analyzed a two-sided loop solar jet triggered by the eruption of a small filament in this paper. The jet was occurre

Michael Fink, Tim Brüdigam, Dirk Wollherr, Marion Leibold

Handling uncertainty in model predictive control comes with various challenges, especially when considering state constraints under uncertainty. Most methods focus on either the conservative approach of robustly accounting for uncertainty or allowing a small probability of constraint violation. In this work, we propose a linear model predictive control appro

Peng Wu, Peng Ding, Zhi Geng, Yue Liu

Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity is crucial for reliable decision-making in treatment evaluation and selection. The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is widely used to capture treatment effect heterogeneity induced by observed covariates and to design individualized treatment policies. However, it is an average metric within subpopulati

Yi-Chiuan Chen

Three-dimensional quadratic diffeomorphisms with quadratic inverse generically have five independent parameters. When some parameters approach infinity, the diffeomorphisms may exhibit a so-called anti-integrable limit in the traditional sense of Aubry and Abramovici. That is, the dynamics of the diffeomorphisms reduce to symbolic dynamics on a finite number

Julien Deantoni, Paula Muñoz, Cláudio Gomes, Clark Verbrugge

Uncertainty is an inherent property of any complex system, especially those that integrate physical parts or operate in real environments. In this paper, we focus on the Digital Twins of adaptive systems, which are particularly complex to design, verify, and optimize. One of the problems of having two systems (the physical one and its digital replica) is tha

Jun Cen, Chenfei Wu, Xiao Liu, Shengming Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multi-modality Models (LMMs) have demonstrated remarkable decision masking capabilities on a variety of tasks. However, they inherently operate planning within the language space, lacking the vision and spatial imagination ability. In contrast, humans utilize both left and right hemispheres of the brain for language and

Yang Ai, Xiao-Hang Jiang, Ye-Xin Lu, Hui-Peng Du

This paper introduces a novel neural audio codec targeting high waveform sampling rates and low bitrates named APCodec, which seamlessly integrates the strengths of parametric codecs and waveform codecs. The APCodec revolutionizes the process of audio encoding and decoding by concurrently handling the amplitude and phase spectra as audio parametric character

Hugues Moreau, Étienne Côme, Allou Samé, Latifa Oukhellou

The Covid-19 pandemic drastically changed urban mobility, both during the height of the pandemic with government lockdowns, but also in the longer term with the adoption of working-from-home policies. To understand its effects on rail public transport ridership, we propose a dedicated Regression Mixture Model able to perform both the clustering of public tra

Jenny Kunz, Marco Kuhlmann

The self-rationalising capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have been explored in restricted settings, using task/specific data sets. However, current LLMs do not (only) rely on specifically annotated data; nonetheless, they frequently explain their outputs. The properties of the generated explanations are influenced by the pre-training corpus and by

Bendong Lou

We consider one dimensional porous media equations in spatially periodic environment. We will construct a periodic traveling sharp wave whose profile tends to a positive steady state at left infinity and takes zero on the right half line, with a free boundary satisfying the Darcy's law. Our method is to take the limit for a sequence of normalized solutions s

O. V. Kulikova

Let $F$ be a non-Abelian free group with basis $A$, $M$ and $N$ be the normal closures of sets $R_M$ and $R_N$ of words in the alphabet $A^{\pm 1}$. As is known, the group $F/[N, N]$ is torsion-free, but, in general, torsion in $F/[M, N]$ is possible. In the paper of Hartley and Kuz'min (1991), it was proved that if $R_M=\{v\}$, $R_N=\{w\}$ and words $v$ and

Pallavi Panda

We prove that the arc complex of a polygon with a marked point in its interior is a strongly collapsible combinatorial ball. We also show that the arc complex of a M\"{o}bius strip, with finitely many marked points on its boundary, is a simplicially collapsible combinatorial ball but is not strongly collapsible.

Bendong Lou

We consider a porous media equation with balanced bistable reactions, equipped with some general nonlinear boundary condition. When the coefficient of the reaction term is much larger than that of the diffusion term, we see that, besides the possible free boundary, sharp interfaces appear between two stable steady states. By using the method of matched asymp

Denys Datsko, Frantisek Nekovar, Robert Penicka, Martin Saska

This paper tackles the problem of planning minimum-energy coverage paths for multiple UAVs. The addressed Multi-UAV Coverage Path Planning (mCPP) is a crucial problem for many UAV applications such as inspection and aerial survey. However, the typical path-length objective of existing approaches does not directly minimize the energy consumption, nor allows f

Xin Xu, Shizhe Diao, Can Yang, Yang Wang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has marked a significant advancement in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Previous studies have developed various extensions of CoT, which focus primarily on enhancing end-task performance. In addition, there has been research on assessing the quality of reasoning chains in CoT. This raises

R. Patrick Xian, Alex J. Lee, Satvik Lolla, Vincent Wang

The increasing depth of parametric domain knowledge in large language models (LLMs) is fueling their rapid deployment in real-world applications. Understanding model vulnerabilities in high-stakes and knowledge-intensive tasks is essential for quantifying the trustworthiness of model predictions and regulating their use. The recent discovery of named entitie

Sejong Kim, Vatsalkumar N. Mer

Various multivariable means have been defined for positive definite matrices, such as the Cartan mean, Wasserstein mean, and R\'{e}nyi power mean. These multivariable means have corresponding matrix equations. In this paper, we consider the following non-linear matrix equation: $$ X = \left[ \sum_{i=1}^{n} w_{i} [ (1-t) X + t A_{i} ]^{-1} \right]^{-1}, $$ wh

Setareh Aghel Manesh, Tianyi Zhang, Yuki Onishi, Kotaro Hara

Generative AI tools can provide people with the ability to create virtual environments and scenes with natural language prompts. Yet, how people will formulate such prompts is unclear -- particularly when they inhabit the environment that they are designing. For instance, it is likely that a person might say, "Put a chair here", while pointing at a location.

Minsuk Kahng, Ian Tenney, Mahima Pushkarna, Michael Xieyang Liu

Automatic side-by-side evaluation has emerged as a promising approach to evaluating the quality of responses from large language models (LLMs). However, analyzing the results from this evaluation approach raises scalability and interpretability challenges. In this paper, we present LLM Comparator, a novel visual analytics tool for interactively analyzing res

V. Almendros-Abad, C. F. Manara, L. Testi, A. Natta

The time evolution of the dependence of the mass accretion rate with the stellar mass and the disk mass represents a fundamental way to understand the evolution of protoplanetary disks and the formation of planets. In this work, we present observations with X-Shooter of 26 Class II very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the Ophiuchus, Cha-I, and Upper Scorp

Thiyanga S. Talagala

Forecasting competitions are of increasing importance as a means to learn best practices and gain knowledge. Data leakage is one of the most common issues that can often be found in competitions. Data leaks can happen when the training data contains information about the test data. There are a variety of different ways that data leaks can occur with time ser

Debanil Dasgupta

In this paper, we calculate characteristic classes for certain quotients of real Stiefel manifolds $V_{n,k}$ and then derive results on certain numerical invariants, such as characteristic rank and skew embedding dimension, for those spaces.

Tom Sharon, Yonina C. Eldar

Ultrasound and radar signals are highly beneficial for medical imaging as they are non-invasive and non-ionizing. Traditional imaging techniques have limitations in terms of contrast and physical interpretation. Quantitative medical imaging can display various physical properties such as speed of sound, density, conductivity, and relative permittivity. This

Jimmy Losfeld, Lionel Desgranges, Yves Pontillon, Gianguido Baldinozzi

We have developed a gas flow model in the spent nuclear fuel during the annealing. It postulates that the gas release during an isothermal plateau at 1200{\textdegree}C corresponds to the equilibrium between overpressure gas reservoirs in the fuel sample connected to the free surface at atmospheric pressure.

Qianqian Xue, Yan Sun, Jian Zhou

Based on nonlinear optics, we develop a band theory to elucidate how light could manipulate magnetization, which is rooted by the quantum geometric structure and topological nature of electronic wavefunctions. Their existence are determined by the light polarization and specific material symmetry, based on the magnetic group theory. In general, both circular

Yeonhong Park, Jake Hyun, SangLyul Cho, Bonggeun Sim

Recently, considerable efforts have been directed towards compressing Large Language Models (LLMs), which showcase groundbreaking capabilities across diverse applications but entail significant deployment costs due to their large sizes. Meanwhile, much less attention has been given to mitigating the costs associated with deploying multiple LLMs of varying si

Yiheng Zhu, Zitai Kong, Jialu Wu, Weize Liu

The design of novel protein sequences with targeted functionalities underpins a central theme in protein engineering, impacting diverse fields such as drug discovery and enzymatic engineering. However, navigating this vast combinatorial search space remains a severe challenge due to time and financial constraints. This scenario is rapidly evolving as the tra

Sagnik Bhattacharya, Junyoung Choi, Joohyun Lee

Among the various Ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging methods, the absence of uplink communication or centralized computation makes downlink time-difference-of-arrival (DL-TDOA) localization the most suitable for large-scale industrial deployments. However, temporary or permanent obstacles in the deployment region often lead to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel path

Vit Jakubsky, Kevin Zelaya

We introduce a systematic method to spectrally design quasi-one-dimensional crystal models described by the Dirac equation in the low-energy regime. The method is based on the supersymmetric transformation applied to an initially known pseudo-spin-1/2 model. This allows extending the corresponding susy partner so that the new model describes a pseudo-spin-1

Killian Castillon du Perron, Dino Lopez Pacheco, Fabrice Huet

Packet processing on Linux can be slow due to its complex network stack. To solve this problem, there are two main solutions: eXpress Data Path (XDP) and Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK). XDP and the AF XDP socket offer full interoperability with the legacy system and is being adopted by major internet players like Open vSwitch or Facebook. While the perfor

Jiale Li, Zhihang Liu, Sean Longyu Ma, Chiu-Wing Sham

The increasing computational demands of deep learning models pose significant challenges for edge devices. To address this, we propose a memristor-based circuit design for MobileNetV3, specifically for image classification tasks. Our design leverages the low power consumption and high integration density of memristors, making it suitable for edge computing.

Fusataka Kuniyoshi, Yoshihide Sawada

Highly accurate time-series vibration prediction is an important research issue for electric vehicles (EVs). EVs often experience vibrations when driving on rough terrains, known as torsional resonance. This resonance, caused by the interaction between motor and tire vibrations, puts excessive loads on the vehicle's drive shaft. However, current damping tech

Chenyuan Zhang, Charles Kemp, Nir Lipovetzky

Goal recognition is a fundamental cognitive process that enables individuals to infer intentions based on available cues. Current goal recognition algorithms often take only observed actions as input, but here we use a Bayesian framework to explore the role of actions, timing, and goal solvability in goal recognition. We analyze human responses to goal-recog

Akiko Nishiyama, Grzegorz Kowzan, Dominik Charczun, Roman Ciuryło

We developed a mid-infrared optical frequency comb-based Fourier-transform spectrometer and performed a line-shape study of the fundamental vibrational band of CO perturbed by N${_2}$, which is crucial for atmospheric science and astronomical observations. The comb-based FTS enabled us to measure the whole vibrational band with high resolution and precision

Yi-Ping Chang, Tadas Balciunas, Zhong Yin, Marin Sapunar

A dynamical rearrangement in the electronic structure of a molecule can be driven by different phenomena, including nuclear motion, electronic coherence or electron correlation. Recording such electronic dynamics and identifying their fate in aqueous solution has remained a challenge. Here, we reveal the electronic dynamics induced by electronic relaxation t

L. M. Sandratskii, V. M. Silkin, L. Havela

The paper deals with the U based compound UPt$_2$Si$_2$ (UPS). The material was first treated as a localized 5f-electron system. Later, an opposite opinion of a predominantly itinerant nature of the system was put forward. The most recent publications treat UPS as a dual material. We suggest a material specific theoretical model based on the density function

Geoffrey Wolfer, Pierre Alquier

The convergence rate of a Markov chain to its stationary distribution is typically assessed using the concept of total variation mixing time. However, this worst-case measure often yields pessimistic estimates and is challenging to infer from observations. In this paper, we advocate for the use of the average-mixing time as a more optimistic and demonstrably

Zirui Liao, Jian Shi, Yuwei Zhang, Shaoping Wang

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) facilitate the integration of physical entities and cyber infrastructures through the utilization of pervasive computational resources and communication units, leading to improved efficiency, automation, and practical viability in both academia and industry. Due to its openness and distributed characteristics, a critical issue p