April 2024 arXiv papers — page 55

Sung-Joon Lee, Hsun-Jen Chuang, Andrew Yeats, Kathleen M. McCreary

Quantum photonics promises significant advances in secure communications, metrology, sensing and information processing/computation. Single photon sources are fundamental to this endeavor. However, the lack of high quality single photon sources remains a significant obstacle. We present here a new paradigm for the control of single photon emitters (SPEs) and

Qiaohong Wang, Valay Agarawal, Matthew R. Hermes, Mario Motta

Modeling chemical reactions with quantum chemical methods is challenging when the electronic structure varies significantly throughout the reaction, as well as when electronic excited states are involved. Multireference methods such as complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) can handle these multiconfigurational situations. However, even if the

Jaemarie Solyst, Ellia Yang, Shixian Xie, Jessica Hammer

The capabilities of generative AI (genAI) have dramatically increased in recent times, and there are opportunities for children to leverage new features for personal and school-related endeavors. However, while the future of genAI is taking form, there remain potentially harmful limitations, such as generation of outputs with misinformation and bias. We ran

Zoran Majkic

In general, all constructions of algebraic topology are functorial; the notions of category, functor and natural transformation originated here. The arrow categories are more simple forms of the \emph{comma} categories and were introduced by Lawvere in the context of the interdefinability of the universal concepts of category theory. The basic idea is the el

Marco Benini, Alastair Grant-Stuart, Alexander Schenkel

This paper provides an alternative implementation of the principle of general local covariance for algebraic quantum field theories (AQFTs) which is more flexible than the original one by Brunetti, Fredenhagen and Verch. This is realized by considering the $2$-functor $\mathsf{HK} : \mathbf{Loc}^\mathrm{op} \to \mathbf{CAT}$ which assigns to each Lorentzian

Amar Hadzihasanovic, Félix Loubaton, Viktoriya Ozornova, Martina Rovelli

We prove that a certain $\omega$-category, which was constructed in previous work by the third and fourth author, is a model for the fully coherent walking $\omega$-equivalence. Further, appropriate truncations of it give models for the fully coherent walking $n$-equivalence for each $n\geq1$.

Mohit Raj Sah, Suvodip Mukherjee, Vida Saeedzadeh, Arif Babul

The formation and evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) remains an open question in the field of modern cosmology. The detection of nanohertz (n-Hz) gravitational waves via pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) in the form of individual events and the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) offers a promising avenue for studying SMBH evolution across c

Amirmojtaba Sabour, Sanja Fidler, Karsten Kreis

Diffusion models (DMs) have established themselves as the state-of-the-art generative modeling approach in the visual domain and beyond. A crucial drawback of DMs is their slow sampling speed, relying on many sequential function evaluations through large neural networks. Sampling from DMs can be seen as solving a differential equation through a discretized s

Dorian Frycz, Javier Menéndez, Arnau Rios, Benjamin Bally

We study the shape coexistence in the nucleus $^{28}$Si with the nuclear shell model using numerical diagonalizations complemented with variational calculations based on the projected generator-coordinate method. The theoretical electric quadrupole moments and transitions as well as the collective wavefunctions indicate that the standard USDB interaction in

Davood B. Dar, Anna Baranova, Neepa T. Maitra

Rabi oscillations have long been thought to be out of reach in simulations using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), a prominent symptom of the failure of the adiabatic approximation for non-perturbative dynamics. We present a reformulation of TDDFT which requires response quantities only, thus enabling an adiabatic approximation to predict suc

R. G. Rast, C. E. Jones, A. C. Carciofi, M. W. Suffak

We examine the evolution of the disk surrounding the Be star in the highly eccentric binary system $\delta$ Scorpii over its three most recent periastron passages. $V$-band and $B-V$ photometry, along with H$\alpha$ spectroscopy are combined with a new set of extensive multi-band polarimetry data to produce a detailed comparison of the disk's physical condit

Amanda M Lee, Jin Koda, Akihiko Hirota, Fumi Egusa

We analyze the CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor ($\alpha_{\rm{CO}}$) in the nearby barred spiral galaxy M83. We present new HI observations from the JVLA and single-dish GBT in the disk of the galaxy, and combine them with maps of CO(1-0) integrated intensity and dust surface density from the literature. $\alpha_{\rm{CO}}$ and the gas-to-dust ratio ($\delta_{\r

Lara Gatto, T. Storchi-Bergmann, Rogemar A. Riffel, Rogério Riffel

We study the ionised gas kinematics of 293 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) hosts as compared to that of 485 control galaxies from the MaNGA-SDSS survey using measurements of the [OIII]$\lambda$5007\AA emission-line profiles, presenting flux, velocity and W$_{80}$ maps. In 45% of the AGN, a broad component was needed to fit the line profiles wings within the inn

Zachary Morrell, Marc Vuffray, Sidhant Misra, Carleton Coffrin

Analog Quantum Computers are promising tools for improving performance on applications such as modeling behavior of quantum materials, providing fast heuristic solutions to optimization problems, and simulating quantum systems. Due to the challenges of simulating dynamic quantum systems, there are relatively few classical tools for modeling the behavior of t

Yunchong Wang, Ethan O. Nadler, Yao-Yuan Mao, Risa H. Wechsler

Environment plays a critical role in shaping the assembly of low-mass galaxies. Here, we use the UniverseMachine (UM) galaxy-halo connection framework and the Data Release 3 of the Satellites Around Galactic Analogs (SAGA) Survey to place dwarf galaxy star formation and quenching into a cosmological context. UM is a data-driven forward model that flexibly pa

Marla Geha, Yao-Yuan Mao, Risa H. Wechsler, Yasmeen Asali

We present the star-forming properties of 378 satellite galaxies around 101 Milky Way analogs in the Satellites Around Galactic Analogs (SAGA) Survey, focusing on the environmental processes that suppress or quench star formation. In the SAGA stellar mass range of 10^6 to 10^10 solar masses, we present quenched fractions, star-forming rates, gas-phase metall

Yao-Yuan Mao, Marla Geha, Risa H. Wechsler, Yasmeen Asali

We present Data Release 3 (DR3) of the Satellites Around Galactic Analogs (SAGA) Survey, a spectroscopic survey characterizing satellite galaxies around Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies. The SAGA Survey DR3 includes 378 satellites identified across 101 MW-mass systems in the distance range of 25-40.75 Mpc, and an accompanying redshift catalog of background galax

Zifan Zhang, Mingzhe Chen, Zhaohui Yang, Yuchen Liu

In recent years, the complexity of 5G and beyond wireless networks has escalated, prompting a need for innovative frameworks to facilitate flexible management and efficient deployment. The concept of digital twins (DTs) has emerged as a solution to enable real-time monitoring, predictive configurations, and decision-making processes. While existing works pri

Adnan Ali Ahmad, Matthias González, Patrick Hennebelle, Benoît Commerçon

The birth process of circumstellar disks remains poorly constrained due to observational and numerical challenges. Recent numerical works have shown that the small-scale physics, often wrapped into a sub-grid model, play a crucial role in disk formation and evolution. This calls for a combined approach in which both the protostar and circumstellar disk are s

J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Mélanie Chevance, Steven N. Longmore, Adam Ginsburg

Recent observations have demonstrated that giant molecular clouds (GMCs) are short-lived entities, surviving for the order of a dynamical time before turning a few percent of their mass into stars and dispersing, leaving behind an isolated young stellar population. The key question has been whether this GMC dispersal actually marks a point of GMC destruction

Jenny T. Wan, Sandro Tacchella, Benjamin D. Johnson, Kartheik G. Iyer

The amount of power contained in the variations in galaxy star-formation histories (SFHs) across a range of timescales encodes key information about the physical processes which modulate star formation. Modelling the SFHs of galaxies as stochastic processes allows the relative importance of different timescales to be quantified via the power spectral density

Scott Aaronson, Yuxuan Zhang

Over a decade after its proposal, the idea of using quantum computers to sample hard distributions has remained a key path to demonstrating quantum advantage. Yet a severe drawback remains: verification seems to require classical computation exponential in the system size, $n$. As an attempt to overcome this difficulty, we propose a new candidate for quantum

Andreas Crivellin, Saiyad Ashanujjaman, Sumit Banik, Guglielmo Coloretti

Despite intensive searches at the LHC, no new fundamental particle has been discovered since the discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs boson. In general, a new physics discovery is challenging without a UV-complete model because different channels and observables cannot be combined directly and unambiguously. Moreover, without indirect hints for new particles, the

Vahid R. Asadi, Kohdai Kuroiwa, Debbie Leung, Alex May

The conditional disclosure of secrets (CDS) primitive is among the simplest cryptographic settings in which to study the relationship between communication, randomness, and security. CDS involves two parties, Alice and Bob, who do not communicate but who wish to reveal a secret $z$ to a referee if and only if a Boolean function $f$ has $f(x,y)=1$. Alice know

Julia M. Comerford, Rebecca Nevin, James Negus, R. Scott Barrows

To facilitate new studies of galaxy merger driven fueling of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we present a catalog of 387 AGNs that we have identified in the final population of over $10,000$ $z<0.15$ galaxies observed by the SDSS-IV integral field spectroscopy survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA). We selected the AGNs via mid-inf

Luca Martucci, Nicolò Risso, Alessandro Valenti, Luca Vecchi

We analyze a large class of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ low-energy realizations of the axiverse satisfying various quantum gravity constraints. We propose a novel upper bound on the ultimate UV cutoff of the effective theory, namely the species scale, which only depends on data available at the two-derivative level. Its dependence on the moduli fields a

Joris Josiek, Sylvia Ekström, Andreas A. C. Sander

Stellar winds are one of the most important drivers of massive star evolution and a vital source of chemical, mechanical, and radiative feedback. Despite its significance, mass loss remains a major uncertainty in stellar evolution models. Particularly the interdependencies of different approaches with subsequent evolutionary stages and predicted observable p

Sebastian Wagner-Carena, Jaehoon Lee, Jeffrey Pennington, Jelle Aalbers

Strong gravitational lenses are a singular probe of the universe's small-scale structure $\unicode{x2013}$ they are sensitive to the gravitational effects of low-mass $(<10^{10} M_\odot)$ halos even without a luminous counterpart. Recent strong-lensing analyses of dark matter structure rely on simulation-based inference (SBI). Modern SBI methods, which lever

Roberta Angius

Dynamical Cobordism provides a powerful method to probe infinite distance limits in moduli/field spaces parameterized by scalars constrained by generic potentials, employing configurations of codimension-1 end of the world (ETW) branes. These branes, characterized in terms of critical exponents, mark codimension-1 boundaries in the spacetime in correspondenc

Anupam Ray, Yong-Zhong Qian

We study $\nu_\mu$-$\nu_s$ and $\bar\nu_\mu$-$\bar\nu_s$ mixing in the protoneutron star (PNS) created in a core-collapse supernova (CCSN). We point out the importance of the feedback on the general composition of the PNS in addition to the obvious feedback on the $\nu_\mu$ lepton number. We show that for our adopted mixing parameters $\delta m^2\sim 10^2$~k

Thomas Berlok, Léna Jlassi, Ewald Puchwein, Troels Haugbølle

We present Paicos, a new object-oriented Python package for analyzing simulations performed with Arepo. Paicos strives to reduce the learning curve for students and researchers getting started with Arepo simulations. As such, Paicos includes many examples in the form of Python scripts and Jupyter notebooks as well as an online documentation describing the in

Ankan Sur, Yubo Su, Roberto Tejada Arevalo, Yi-Xian Chen

We introduce APPLE, a novel planetary evolution code designed specifically for the study of giant exoplanet and Jovian planet evolution in the era of Galileo, Juno, and Cassini. With APPLE, state-of-the-art equations of state for hydrogen, helium, ice, and rock are integrated with advanced features to treat ice/rock cores and metals in the gaseous envelope;

Luc Darmé, Benjamin Fuks, Hao-Lin Li, Matteo Maltoni

We introduce a novel search strategy for heavy top-philic resonances that induce new contributions to four-top production at the LHC. We capitalize on recent advances in top-tagging performance to demonstrate that the final state, that is expected to be boosted based on current limits, can be fully reconstructed and exploited. Notably, our approach promises

Naoto Kan, Kohki Kawabata, Hiroki Wada

We consider Maxwell theory on a non-spin manifold. Depending on the choice of statistics for line operators, there are three non-anomalous theories and one anomalous theory with different symmetry fractionalizations. We establish the gauging maps that connect the non-anomalous theories by coupling them to a discrete gauge theory. We also construct topologica

Johanna Erdmenger, Nick Evans, Yang Liu, Werner Porod

We study Sp(2$N_c$) gauge dynamics with two Dirac fermion flavours in the fundamental representation. These strongly coupled systems underlie some composite Higgs models with a global symmetry breaking pattern SU(4)$\rightarrow$Sp(4), leading to a light quartet of pseudo-Goldstone bosons that can play the role of the Higgs. Including four-fermion interaction

Alex Radcliffe

In recent years the conformal bootstrap has produced surprisingly tight bounds on many non-perturbative CFTs. It is an open question whether such bounds are indeed saturated by these CFTs. A toy version of this question appears in a recent application of the conformal bootstrap to hyperbolic orbifolds, where one finds bounds on Laplace eigenvalues that are e

Johanna Borissova, Pei-Ming Ho

Area metrics and area metric backgrounds provide a unified framework for quantum gravity. They encode physical degrees of freedom beyond those of a metric. These non-metric degrees of freedom must be suppressed by a potential at sufficiently high energy scales to ensure that in the infrared regime classical gravity is recovered. On this basis, we first study

Iosif Bena, Raphaël Dulac, Anthony Houppe, Dimitrios Toulikas

One way to describe the entropy of black holes comes from partitioning momentum charge across fractionated intersecting brane systems. Here we construct $\frac{1}{8}$-BPS solutions by adding momentum to a maze of M2-brane strips stretched between M5 branes. Before the addition of momentum, the $\frac{1}{4}$-BPS supergravity solution describing the maze is go

Orion Ning, Benjamin R. Safdi

We perform the most sensitive search to-date for the existence of ultralight axions using data from the NuSTAR telescope. We search for stellar axion production in the M82 starburst galaxy and the M87 central galaxy of the Virgo cluster and then the subsequent conversion into hard X-rays in the surrounding magnetic fields. We sum over the full stellar popula

Caroline Bertemes, Dominika Wylezalek, David S. N. Rupke, Nadia L. Zakamska

We present JWST MIRI/NIRSpec observations of the extremely red quasar SDSS J165202.64+172852.3 at z~3, one of the most luminous quasars known to date, driving powerful outflows and hosting a clumpy starburst, amidst several interacting companions. We estimate the black hole (BH) mass of the system based on the broad H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ lines, as well as t

Nicholas Z. Rui, Jim Fuller

Mergers between helium white dwarfs and main-sequence stars are likely common, producing red giant-like remnants making up roughly a few percent of all low-mass ($\lesssim2M_\odot$) red giants. Through detailed modeling, we show that these merger remnants possess distinctive photometric, asteroseismic, and surface abundance signatures through which they may

Aiden Daniel, Andrew Hallam, Matthew D. Horner, Jiannis K. Pachos

There is currently significant interest in emulating the essential characteristics of black holes, such as their Hawking radiation or their optimal scrambling behavior, using condensed matter models. In this article, we investigate a chiral spin-chain, whose mean field theory effectively captures the behavior of Dirac fermions in the curved spacetime geometr

Alex S. Arvanitakis, Dimitri Kanakaris

We show, by introducing purely auxiliary gluinos and scalars, that the quantum path integral for a class of 3D interacting non-supersymmetric gauge theories localises. The theories in this class all admit a `Manin gauge theory' formulation, that we introduce; it is obtained by enhancing the gauge algebra of the theory to a Dirac structure inside a Manin pair

Tengda Han, Max Bain, Arsha Nagrani, Gül Varol

Generating Audio Description (AD) for movies is a challenging task that requires fine-grained visual understanding and an awareness of the characters and their names. Currently, visual language models for AD generation are limited by a lack of suitable training data, and also their evaluation is hampered by using performance measures not specialized to the A

Marlena Dziurawiec, Jessica O. de Almeida, Mohit Lal Bera, Marcin Płodzień

Different insulator phases compete with each other in strongly correlated materials with simultaneous local and non-local interactions. It is known that the homogeneous Mott insulator converts into a charge density wave (CDW) phase when the non-local interactions are increased, but there is ongoing debate on whether and in which parameter regimes this transi

Inhee Lee, Byungjun Kim, Hanbyul Joo

In this paper, we present a method to reconstruct the world and multiple dynamic humans in 3D from a monocular video input. As a key idea, we represent both the world and multiple humans via the recently emerging 3D Gaussian Splatting (3D-GS) representation, enabling to conveniently and efficiently compose and render them together. In particular, we address

Zirui Wang, Wenjing Bian, Victor Adrian Prisacariu

We introduce a novel cross-reference image quality assessment method that effectively fills the gap in the image assessment landscape, complementing the array of established evaluation schemes -- ranging from full-reference metrics like SSIM, no-reference metrics such as NIQE, to general-reference metrics including FID, and Multi-modal-reference metrics, e.g

Kevin Slagle

Tokenization is widely used in large language models because it significantly improves performance. However, tokenization imposes several disadvantages, such as performance biases, increased adversarial vulnerability, decreased character-level modeling performance, and increased modeling complexity. To address these disadvantages without sacrificing performa

Jennifer Y. H. Chan, Qin Han, Kinwah Wu, Jason D. McEwen

The 21-cm hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen is a useful tool to probe the conditions of the Universe during the Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn, and the Epoch of Reionisation. In most of the current calculations, the 21-cm line signals at given frequencies are computed, using an integrated line-of-sight line opacity, with the correction for cosmological expansion. T

Kartik Narayan, Vishal M. Patel

Face recognition technology has become an integral part of modern security systems and user authentication processes. However, these systems are vulnerable to spoofing attacks and can easily be circumvented. Most prior research in face anti-spoofing (FAS) approaches it as a two-class classification task where models are trained on real samples and known spoo

Junfeng Long, Wenye Yu, Quanyi Li, Zirui Wang

Stable locomotion in precipitous environments is an essential task for quadruped robots, requiring the ability to resist various external disturbances. Recent neural policies enhance robustness against disturbances by learning to resist external forces sampled from a fixed distribution in the simulated environment. However, the force generation process doesn

Hao Zhang, Shi-Zeng Lin

We study the Kondo lattice model of multipolar magnetic moments interacting with conduction electrons on a triangular lattice. Bond-dependent electron hoppings induce a compass-like anisotropy in the effective Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction between multipolar moments. This unique anisotropy stabilizes multipolar skyrmion crystals at zero magnetic

Rahul Sajnani, Jeroen Vanbaar, Jie Min, Kapil Katyal

The success of image generative models has enabled us to build methods that can edit images based on text or other user input. However, these methods are bespoke, imprecise, require additional information, or are limited to only 2D image edits. We present GeoDiffuser, a zero-shot optimization-based method that unifies common 2D and 3D image-based object edit

Leon Bungert, Tim Laux, Kerrek Stinson

We connect adversarial training for binary classification to a geometric evolution equation for the decision boundary. Relying on a perspective that recasts adversarial training as a regularization problem, we introduce a modified training scheme that constitutes a minimizing movements scheme for a nonlocal perimeter functional. We prove that the scheme is m

Lorenzo Fioroni, Luca Gravina, Justyna Stefaniak, Alexander Baumgärtner

TorchGPE is a general-purpose Python package developed for solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE). This solver is designed to integrate wave functions across a spectrum of linear and non-linear potentials. A distinctive aspect of TorchGPE is its modular approach, which allows the incorporation of arbitrary self-consistent and time-dependent potentials,

Michele Dolce, Ricardo Grande

In this paper, we consider the long-term behavior of some special solutions to the Wave Kinetic Equation (WKE). This equation provides a mesoscopic description of wave systems interacting nonlinearly via the cubic NLS equation. Escobedo and Vel\'azquez showed that, starting with initial data given by countably many Dirac masses, solutions remain a linear com

Bao Bach, Jose Falla, Ilya Safro

Learning the problem structure at multiple levels of coarseness to inform the decomposition-based hybrid quantum-classical combinatorial optimization solvers is a promising approach to scaling up variational approaches. We introduce a multilevel algorithm reinforced with the spectral graph representation learning-based accelerator to tackle large-scale graph

Péter Ágoston

The Hadwiger--Nelson problem is about determining the chromatic number of the plane (CNP), defined as the minimum number of colours needed to colour the plane so that no two points of distance 1 have the same colour. In this paper we investigate a related problem for spheres and we use a few natural restrictions on the colouring. Thomassen showed that with t

Adrian de Wynter, Ishaan Watts, Tua Wongsangaroonsri, Minghui Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) and small language models (SLMs) are being adopted at remarkable speed, although their safety still remains a serious concern. With the advent of multilingual S/LLMs, the question now becomes a matter of scale: can we expand multilingual safety evaluations of these models with the same velocity at which they are deployed? To this

Yuying Ge, Sijie Zhao, Jinguo Zhu, Yixiao Ge

The rapid evolution of multimodal foundation model has demonstrated significant progresses in vision-language understanding and generation, e.g., our previous work SEED-LLaMA. However, there remains a gap between its capability and the real-world applicability, primarily due to the model's limited capacity to effectively respond to various user instructions

Mitodru Niyogi, Arnab Bhattacharya

In this paper, we study whether domain specific pretraining of small generative language models (SLM) from scratch with domain specialized tokenizer and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) instruction fine-tuning results in competitive performance on mathematical reasoning compared to LLMs? Secondly, whether this approach is environmentally sustainable, highly cost effic

Tamar Rott Shaham, Sarah Schwettmann, Franklin Wang, Achyuta Rajaram

This paper describes MAIA, a Multimodal Automated Interpretability Agent. MAIA is a system that uses neural models to automate neural model understanding tasks like feature interpretation and failure mode discovery. It equips a pre-trained vision-language model with a set of tools that support iterative experimentation on subcomponents of other models to exp

Shiyi Zhang, Sule Bai, Guangyi Chen, Lei Chen

In this paper, we investigate a new problem called narrative action evaluation (NAE). NAE aims to generate professional commentary that evaluates the execution of an action. Unlike traditional tasks such as score-based action quality assessment and video captioning involving superficial sentences, NAE focuses on creating detailed narratives in natural langua

Shingo Akama, Giorgio Orlando, Paola C. M. Delgado

It has been shown that a three-point correlation function of tensor perturbations from a bounce model in general relativity with a minimally-coupled scalar field is highly suppressed, and the resultant three-point function of cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode polarizations is too small to be detected by CMB experiments. On the other hand, bounce model

Dongsung Choi, Masataka Mogi, Umberto De Giovannini, Doron Azoury

Floquet engineering is a novel method of manipulating quantum phases of matter via periodic driving [1, 2]. It has successfully been utilized in different platforms ranging from photonic systems [3] to optical lattice of ultracold atoms [4, 5]. In solids, light can be used as the periodic drive via coherent light-matter interaction. This leads to hybridizati

A. I. Aptekarev, S. A. Denisov, M. L. Yattselev

In this work, we establish strong asymptotics of multiple orthogonal polynomials of the second type for Angelesco systems with measures that satisfy Szeg\H{o} conditions. We consider multi-indices that converge to infinity in the non-marginal directions.

Johannes Rosenberger, Holger Boche, Juan A. Cabrera, Christian Deppe

We develop the notion of a locally homomorphic channel and prove an approximate equivalence between those and codes for computing functions. Further, we derive decomposition properties of locally homomorphic channels which we use to analyze and construct codes where two messages must be encoded independently. This leads to new results for identification and

Zifan Zhang, Minghong Fang, Jiayuan Huang, Yuchen Liu

Federated Learning (FL) offers a distributed framework to train a global control model across multiple base stations without compromising the privacy of their local network data. This makes it ideal for applications like wireless traffic prediction (WTP), which plays a crucial role in optimizing network resources, enabling proactive traffic flow management,

Robert E. Kent

Truth refers to the satisfaction relation used to define the semantics of model-theoretic languages. The satisfaction relation for first order languages (truth classification), and the preservation of truth by first order interpretations (truth infomorphism), is a motivating example in the theory of Information Flow (IF) (Barwise and Seligman 1997). The abst

Ted Edward Holmberg, Mahdi Abdelguerfi, Elias Ioup

Spatiotemporal networks' observational capabilities are crucial for accurate data gathering and informed decisions across multiple sectors. This study focuses on the Spatiotemporal Ranged Observer-Observable Bipartite Network (STROOBnet), linking observational nodes (e.g., surveillance cameras) to events within defined geographical regions, enabling efficien

Zhengwei Tao, Ting-En Lin, Xiancai Chen, Hangyu Li

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced in various fields and intelligent agent applications. However, current LLMs that learn from human or external model supervision are costly and may face performance ceilings as task complexity and diversity increase. To address this issue, self-evolution approaches that enable LLM to autonomously acquir

Yuhong Li, Yingbing Huang, Bowen Yang, Bharat Venkitesh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress in processing extensive contexts, with the Key-Value (KV) cache playing a vital role in enhancing their performance. However, the growth of the KV cache in response to increasing input length poses challenges to memory and time efficiency. To address this problem, this paper introduces SnapKV, an inn

Yilin Wen, Yi Guo, Zechun Hu, Gabriela Hug

The flexibilities provided by the distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution systems enable the coordination of transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSOs). At the distribution level, the flexibilities should be optimized for participation in the transmission system operation. This paper first proposes a flexibility q

Ruizhe Huang, Xiaohui Zhang, Zhaoheng Ni, Li Sun

Connectionist temporal classification (CTC) models are known to have peaky output distributions. Such behavior is not a problem for automatic speech recognition (ASR), but it can cause inaccurate forced alignments (FA), especially at finer granularity, e.g., phoneme level. This paper aims at alleviating the peaky behavior for CTC and improve its suitability

Benjamin Bogø, Andrea Burattin, Alceste Scalas

This paper explores the problem of determining which classes of Petri nets can be encoded into behaviourally-equivalent CCS processes. Most of the existing related literature focuses on the inverse problem (i.e., encoding process calculi belonging to the CCS family into Petri nets), or extends CCS with Petri net-like multi-synchronisation (Multi-CCS). In thi

Jihye Jung, Kevin Dalmeijer, Pascal Van Hentenryck

As quantum technology advances, the efficient design of quantum circuits has become an important area of research. This paper provides an introduction to the MCT quantum circuit design problem for reversible Boolean functions with the necessary background in quantum computing to comprehend the problem. While this is a well-studied problem, optimization model

F. Rincon, P. Barrère, T. Roudier

The Sun is a magnetic star, and the only spatio-temporally resolved astrophysical system displaying turbulent MHD thermal convection. This makes it a privileged object of study to understand fluid turbulence in extreme regimes and its interactions with magnetic fields. Global analyses of high-resolution solar observations provided by the NASA Solar Dynamics

Patrik Schach, Enno Giese

What time does a clock tell after quantum tunneling? Predictions and indirect measurements range from superluminal or instantaneous tunneling to finite durations, depending on the specific experiment and the precise definition of the elapsed time. Proposals and implementations utilize the atomic motion to define this delay, even though the inherent quantum n

John R. Lawson, Joseph E. Trujillo-Falcón, David M. Schultz, Montgomery L. Flora

Generative AI, such as OpenAI's GPT-4V large-language model, has rapidly entered mainstream discourse. Novel capabilities in image processing and natural-language communication may augment existing forecasting methods. Large language models further display potential to better communicate weather hazards in a style honed for diverse communities and different

Yuxin Mao, Xuyang Shen, Jing Zhang, Zhen Qin

The Text to Audible-Video Generation (TAVG) task involves generating videos with accompanying audio based on text descriptions. Achieving this requires skillful alignment of both audio and video elements. To support research in this field, we have developed a comprehensive Text to Audible-Video Generation Benchmark (TAVGBench), which contains over 1.7 millio

Edvard Aksnes

We define arroids as an abstract axiom set encoding the intersection properties of arrangements of curves. The tropicalization of the complement of arrangement of curves meeting pairwise transversely is shown to be determined by the associated arroid. We give conditions for when the cohomology of the complement of an arrangement is computable using tropical

VanJessica Gladney, Breanna Moore, Kathleen Brown

In 2006 and 2016, the University of Pennsylvania denied any ties to slavery. In 2017, a group of undergraduate researchers, led by Professor Kathleen Brown, investigated this claim. Initial research, focused on 18th century faculty and trustees who owned slaves, revealed deep connections between the university's history and the institution of slavery. These

Michael A. C. Johnson, Hans-Rainer Klöckner, Albina Muzafarova, Kristen Lackeos

Data volumes and rates of research infrastructures will continue to increase in the upcoming years and impact how we interact with their final data products. Little of the processed data can be directly investigated and most of it will be automatically processed with as little user interaction as possible. Capturing all necessary information of such processi

Fatemeh Bagheri, Ramon E. Lopez, Kevin Pham

Numerous numerical studies have been carried out in recent years that simulate different aspects of exoplanets' magnetosphere and stellar winds. These studies have focused primarily on hot Jupiters with sun-like stars. This study addresses the challenges inherent in utilizing existing MHD codes to model hot Jupiter-star systems. Due to the scaling of the sys

Yoehan Oh, Jacinda Tran, Theodore Kim

We examine the life and legacy of pioneering Vietnamese computer scientist B\`ui Tuong Phong, whose shading and lighting models turned 50 last year. We trace the trajectory of his life through Vietnam, France, and the United States, and its intersections with global conflicts. Crucially, we present definitive evidence that his name has been cited incorrectly

Dragomir Ž. Đoković

We introduce two classes of Hadamard matrices of Goethals-Seidel type and construct many matrices in these classes.

Jiangtian Yao, Pieter W. Claeys

We study temporal entanglement in dual-unitary Clifford circuits with probabilistic measurements preserving spatial unitarity. We exactly characterize the temporal entanglement barrier in the measurement-free regime, exhibiting ballistic growth and decay and a volume-law peak. In the presence of measurements, we relate the temporal entanglement to the scramb

H. Netzel, V. Varga, R. Szabo, R. Smolec

Over the recent years, additional low-amplitude non-radial modes were detected in many of the first-overtone RR Lyrae stars. These non-radial modes form a characteristic period ratio with the dominant first-overtone mode of around 0.61. The incidence rate of this phenomenon changes from population to population. It is also strongly dependent on the quality o

Xiaochen Kev Gao, Feng Yao, Kewen Zhao, Beilei He

Model scaling is becoming the default choice for many language tasks due to the success of large language models (LLMs). However, it can fall short in specific scenarios where simple customized methods excel. In this paper, we delve into the patent approval pre-diction task and unveil that simple domain-specific graph methods outperform enlarging the model,

Paul Maximilian Röhrig, Nancy Radermacher, Luis Böttcher, Andreas Ulbig

In order to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality by 2045, the Climate Protection Act sets emission reduction targets for the years 2030 and 2040, as well as decreasing annual emission volumes for some sectors, including the building sector. Measures to decarbonize the building sector include energy retrofits and the expansion of renewable, decentralized power g

Gábor Antal, Richárd Vozár, Rudolf Ferenc

The emergence of advanced neural networks has opened up new ways in automated code generation from conceptual models, promising to enhance software development processes. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of GPT-4-Vision, a state-of-the-art deep learning model, and its capabilities in transforming Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams int

Amanda Burcroff, Kyungyong Lee

There have been several combinatorial constructions of universally positive bases in cluster algebras, and these same combinatorial objects play a crucial role in the known proofs of the famous positivity conjecture for cluster algebras. The greedy basis was constructed in rank $2$ by Lee-Li-Zelevinsky using compatible pairs on Dyck paths. The theta basis, i

Yutao Cheng, Zhao Zhang, Maoke Yang, Hui Nie

In the field of graphic design, automating the integration of design elements into a cohesive multi-layered artwork not only boosts productivity but also paves the way for the democratization of graphic design. One existing practice is Graphic Layout Generation (GLG), which aims to layout sequential design elements. It has been constrained by the necessity f

Fahim Tajwar, Anikait Singh, Archit Sharma, Rafael Rafailov

Learning from preference labels plays a crucial role in fine-tuning large language models. There are several distinct approaches for preference fine-tuning, including supervised learning, on-policy reinforcement learning (RL), and contrastive learning. Different methods come with different implementation tradeoffs and performance differences, and existing em

Marjolein Boonstra, Frédérick Bruneault, Subrata Chakraborty, Tjitske Faber

This report shares the experiences, results and lessons learned in conducting a pilot project ``Responsible use of AI'' in cooperation with the Province of Friesland, Rijks ICT Gilde-part of the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations (BZK) (both in The Netherlands) and a group of members of the Z-Inspection$^{\small{\circledR}}$ Initiative. The pilot

Per Alexandersson, Petter Brändén, Boris Shapiro

Given a linear ordinary differential operator T with polynomial coefficients, we study the class of closed subsets of the complex plane such that T sends any polynomial (resp. any polynomial of degree exceeding a given positive integer) with all roots in a given subset to a polynomial with all roots in the same subset or to 0. Below we discuss some general p

Fatemeh Bagheri, Anshuman Garga, Ramon E. Lopez

Currently, our understanding of magnetic fields in exoplanets remains limited compared to those within our solar system. Planets with magnetic fields emit radio signals primarily due to the Electron Cyclotron Maser Instability mechanism. In this study, we explore the feasibility of detecting radio emissions from exoplanets using the Square Kilometre Array (S

Wilhelm Hasselbring, Stephan Druskat, Jan Bernoth, Philine Betker

Research software has been categorized in different contexts to serve different goals. We start with a look at what research software is, before we discuss the purpose of research software categories. We propose a multi-dimensional categorization of research software. We present a template for characterizing such categories. As selected dimensions, we presen

Larry Read

We investigate the Stark operator restricted to a bounded domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In the semiclassical limit, a three-term asymptotic expansion for its individual eigenvalues has been established, with coefficients dependent on the curvature of $\Omega$. We analyse the accumulation of eigenvalues beneath the lea

Lukas M. Bongartz, Richard Kantelberg, Tommy Meier, Raik Hoffmann

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) underpin a range of emerging technologies, from bioelectronics to neuromorphic computing, owing to their unique coupling of electronic and ionic charge carriers. In this context, various OECT systems exhibit significant hysteresis in their transfer curve, which is frequently leveraged to achieve non-volatility. Mea