October 2024 arXiv papers — page 33

Cristian M. Le, Hannes Hübener, Ofer Neufeld, Angel Rubio

Time-dependent Wannier functions were initially proposed as a means for calculating the polarization current in crystals driven by external fields. In this work, we present a simple gauge where Wannier states are defined based on the maximally localized functions at the initial time, and are propagated using the time-dependent Bloch states obtained from esta

Tairan He, Wenli Xiao, Toru Lin, Zhengyi Luo

Humanoid whole-body control requires adapting to diverse tasks such as navigation, loco-manipulation, and tabletop manipulation, each demanding a different mode of control. For example, navigation relies on root velocity tracking, while tabletop manipulation prioritizes upper-body joint angle tracking. Existing approaches typically train individual policies

Reece Shuttleworth, Jacob Andreas, Antonio Torralba, Pratyusha Sharma

Fine-tuning is a crucial paradigm for adapting pre-trained large language models to downstream tasks. Recently, methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) have been shown to effectively fine-tune LLMs with an extreme reduction in trainable parameters. But, \emph{are their learned solutions really equivalent?} We study how LoRA and full-finetuning change pre-tra

P. Escobar-Hernández, A. López-Quílez, F. Palmí-Perales, M. Marco

Multivariate spatial disease mapping has become a pivotal part of everyday practice in social epidemiology. Despite the existence of several specifications for the relation between different outcomes, there is still a need for a new strategy that focuses on comparing the spatial risk patterns of different subgroups of the population. This paper introduces a

Vojtěch Kaluža, Vadym Koval

In this small note, we collect several observations pertaining to the famous spectral graph parameter $\mu$ introduced in 1990 by Y. Colin de Verdi\`ere. This parameter is defined as the maximum corank among certain matrices akin to weighted Laplacians; we call them CdV matrices. First, we answer negatively a question mentioned in passing in the influential

Eishica Chand, Arka Banerjee, Simon Foreman, Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro

After reionization, neutral hydrogen (HI) traces the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe, enabling HI intensity mapping (IM) to capture the LSS in 3D and constrain key cosmological parameters. We present a new framework utilizing higher-order cross-correlations to study HI clustering around galaxies, tested using real-space data from the IllustrisTNG

Huy Dang, Khai-Hoan Nguyen-Dang

We study the problem of lifting the Artin--Schreier--Witt isogeny from characteristic $p>0$ to characteristic $0$, which is central to the lifting problem for Galois covers of algebraic schemes in positive characteristic. We introduce a new technique that associates a Kummer class, representing a tamely ramified cyclic extension, to a Witt vector via Matsuda

Eric Culf, Kieran Mastel

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are a natural class of decision problems where one must decide whether there is an assignment to variables that satisfies a given formula. Schaefer's dichotomy theorem, and its extension to all alphabets due to Bulatov and Zhuk, shows that CSP languages are either efficiently decidable, or NP-complete. It is possible t

Xiao Liu, Bo Qin, Dongzhu Liang, Guang Dong

We present AutoGLM, a new series in the ChatGLM family, designed to serve as foundation agents for autonomous control of digital devices through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). While foundation models excel at acquiring human knowledge, they often struggle with decision-making in dynamic real-world environments, limiting their progress toward artificial ge

Zheng-Meng Zhai, Jun-Yin Huang, Benjamin D. Stern, Ying-Cheng Lai

In applications, an anticipated situation is where the system of interest has never been encountered before and sparse observations can be made only once. Can the dynamics be faithfully reconstructed from the limited observations without any training data? This problem defies any known traditional methods of nonlinear time-series analysis as well as existing

Tom C. Scott, Elias Brinks, Chandreyee Sengupta, Patricio Lagos

Optical observations of Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies (BCDs) show they typically have high specific star formation rates and low metallicites. A subset of these galaxies (those with the lowest gas phase metallicities) display cometary optical morphologies similar to those found at high redshift. Whether this combination of properties predominantly arises from

Zhixin Zhang, Yiyuan Zhang, Xiaohan Ding, Xiangyu Yue

Search engines enable the retrieval of unknown information with texts. However, traditional methods fall short when it comes to understanding unfamiliar visual content, such as identifying an object that the model has never seen before. This challenge is particularly pronounced for large vision-language models (VLMs): if the model has not been exposed to the

Abhishek Purohit, Jose Jorge Christen, Richard Kienhoefer, Simon Armstrong

As nations and organisations worldwide intensify their efforts and investments to commercialise quantum technologies and explore practical applications across various industries, there is a burgeoning demand for skilled professionals to support this rapidly growing ecosystem. With an expanding array of stakeholders from diverse professions beginning to engag

Kaifeng Huang, Bihuan Chen, You Lu, Susheng Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have sparked significant impact with regard to both intelligence and productivity. Numerous enterprises have integrated LLMs into their applications to solve their own domain-specific tasks. However, integrating LLMs into specific scenarios is a systematic process that involves substantial components, which are collectively refer

Sebahattin Bektaş

Nowadays, we have seen that dual quaternion algorithms are used in 3D coordinate transformation problems due to their advantages. 3D coordinate transformation problem is one of the important problems in geodesy. This transformation problem is encountered in many application areas other than geodesy. Although there are many coordinate transformation methods (

Yuhan Chen, Ang Lv, Jian Luan, Bin Wang

Many positional encodings (PEs) are designed to exhibit long-term decay, based on an entrenched and long-standing inductive opinion: tokens farther away from the current position carry less relevant information. We argue that long-term decay is outdated in the era of LLMs, as LLMs are now applied to tasks demanding precise retrieval of in-context information

Fuchuan Wei, Zi-Wen Liu

Understanding quantum magic (i.e., nonstabilizerness) in many-body quantum systems is challenging but essential to the study of quantum computation and many-body physics. We investigate how noise affects magic properties in entangled many-body quantum states by quantitatively examining the magic decay under noise, with a primary aim being to understand the s

Dongjae Son, Brian J. Reich, Erin M. Schliep, Shu Yang

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been established globally to conserve marine resources. Given their maintenance costs and impact on commercial fishing, it is critical to evaluate their effectiveness to support future conservation. In this paper, we use data collected from the Australian coast to estimate the effect of MPAs on biodiversity. Environmental s

Iman Mohamed Attia

The Median Based Unit Weibull is a new 2 parameter unit Weibull distribution defined on the unit interval (0,1). Estimation of the parameters using MLE encountered some problems like large variance. Using generalized method of moments (GMMs) and percentile method may ameliorate this condition. This paper introduces GMMs and the percentile methods for estimat

Gert Aarts, Diaa E. Habibi, Lingxiao Wang, Kai Zhou

To analyse how diffusion models learn correlations beyond Gaussian ones, we study the behaviour of higher-order cumulants, or connected n-point functions, under both the forward and backward process. We derive explicit expressions for the moment- and cumulant-generating functionals, in terms of the distribution of the initial data and properties of forward p

Yong Xien Chng, Xuchong Qiu, Yizeng Han, Yifan Pu

Point cloud segmentation is an important topic in 3D understanding that has traditionally has been tackled using either the CNN or Transformer. Recently, Mamba has emerged as a promising alternative, offering efficient long-range contextual modeling capabilities without the quadratic complexity associated with Transformer's attention mechanisms. However, des

Lars Andersson, Bernardo Araneda, Mattias Dahl

In this note, we prove the Riemannian analog of black hole mode stability for Hermitian, non-self-dual gravitational instantons which are either asymptotically locally flat (ALF) and Ricci-flat, or compact and Einstein with positive cosmological constant. We show that the Teukolsky equation on any such manifold is a positive definite operator. We also discus

Martin Jutisz, Alexander Erl, Janik Wolters, Mustafa Gündoğan

We present the implementation and performance analysis of a portable, rack-mounted standalone warm vapor quantum memory system, that also includes the laser package, control electronics and data processing hardware. The optical memory is based on long-lived hyperfine ground states of Cesium which are connected to an excited state via the $D_1$ line at 895 nm

Surena Hozoori

We provide a 3 dimensional contact geometric characterization of Anosov 3-flows based on interactions with Reeb dynamics. We investigate basic properties of the space of the resulting geometries and in particular show that such space is homotopy equivalent to the space of Anosov 3-flows. A technical theorem on the asymptotic synchronization of adapted norms

Owais Aijaz, Syed Muhammad Ali, Yousuf Uyghur

Seam carving, a content-aware image resizing technique, has garnered significant attention for its ability to resize images while preserving important content. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of four algorithmic design techniques for seam carving: brute-force, greedy, dynamic programming, and GPU-based parallel algorithms. We begin by pres

Nicolas Boulanger, Paul P. Cook, Josh A. O'Connor, Peter West

We work out the unfolded formulation of the fields in the non-linear realisation of $E_{11}$. Using the connections in this formalism, we propose, at the linearised level, an infinite number of first-order duality relations between the dual fields in $E_{11}$. In this way, we introduce extra fields that do not belong to $E_{11}$ and we investigate their orig

Miguel Ángel de Carvalho Servia, King Kuok, Hii, Klaus Hellgardt

Microkinetic models are key for evaluating industrial processes' efficiency and chemicals' environmental impact. Manual construction of these models is difficult and time-consuming, prompting a shift to automated methods. This study introduces SiMBA (Simplest Mechanism Builder Algorithm), a novel approach for generating microkinetic models from kinetic data.

Herbert Edelsbrunner, Alexey Garber, Morteza Saghafian

We generalize the classic definition of Delaunay triangulation and prove that for a locally finite and coarsely dense generic point set, $A \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$, the $d$-simplices whose vertices belong to $A$ and whose circumscribed spheres enclose exactly $k$ points of $A$ cover $\mathbb{R}^d$ exactly $\binom{d+k}{d}$ times. Similarly, the subset of such

MohammadReza EskandariNasab, Shah Muhammad Hamdi, Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi

Current Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based approaches for time series generation face challenges such as suboptimal convergence, information loss in embedding spaces, and instability. To overcome these challenges, we introduce an advanced framework that integrates the advantages of an autoencoder-generated embedding space with the adversarial trainin

Max Schemmer, Martin Cordier, Lucas Pache, Philipp Schneeweiss

We model and investigate the collective nonlinear optical response of an ensemble of two-level emitters that are weakly coupled to a single-mode waveguide. Our approach generalizes the insight that photon-photon correlations in the light scattered by a single two-level emitter result from two-photon interference to the case of many emitters. Using our model,

Abdullah Khan Zehady, Shubhashis Roy Dipta, Naymul Islam, Safi Al Mamun

Bangla is a language spoken by approximately 240 million native speakers and around 300 million people worldwide. Despite being the 5th largest spoken language in the world, Bangla is still a "low-resource" language, and existing pretrained language models often struggle to perform well on Bangla Language Processing (BLP) tasks. This paper addresses this gap

Coline Dubos, Pooja Sharma, Sonal Patel, Tiina Suomijärvi

The origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and the potential role of Supernova Remnants (SNRs) as cosmic-ray (CR) accelerators remain subjects of ongoing debate. To shed more light on this topic, we have studied the spectral shape of two SNRs, RX J1713.7-3946 and HAWC J2227+610, performing simulations for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). The

Laura Gardini, Davide Radi, Noemi Schmitt, Iryna Sushko

We utilize a chartist-fundamentalist model to examine the limits of informationally efficient stock markets. In our model, chartists are permanently active in the stock market, while fundamentalists trade only when their mispricing-dependent trading signals are strong. Our findings indicate the possible coexistence of two distinct regimes. Depending on the i

Ritam Ghosh, Nibraas Khan, Miroslava Migovich, Judith A. Tate

Apathy impairs the quality of life for older adults and their care providers. While few pharmacological remedies exist, current non-pharmacologic approaches are resource intensive. To address these concerns, this study utilizes a user-centered design (UCD) process to develop and test a set of dyadic activities that provide physical, cognitive, and social sti

Leonid Berlyand, C. Alex Safsten, Lev Truskinovsky

Contraction-driven self-propulsion of a large class of living cells can be modeled by a Keller-Segel system with free boundaries. The ensuing "active" system, exhibiting both dissipation and anti-dissipation, features stationary and traveling wave solutions. While the former represent static cells, the latter describe propagating pulses (solitary waves) mimi

Mirac Suzgun, Tayfun Gur, Federico Bianchi, Daniel E. Ho

As language models (LMs) become integral to fields like healthcare, law, and journalism, their ability to differentiate between fact, belief, and knowledge is essential for reliable decision-making. Failure to grasp these distinctions can lead to significant consequences in areas such as medical diagnosis, legal judgments, and dissemination of fake news. Des

Ilias Diakonikolas, Samuel B. Hopkins, Ankit Pensia, Stefan Tiegel

We prove that there is a universal constant $C>0$ so that for every $d \in \mathbb N$, every centered subgaussian distribution $\mathcal D$ on $\mathbb R^d$, and every even $p \in \mathbb N$, the $d$-variate polynomial $(Cp)^{p/2} \cdot \|v\|_{2}^p - \mathbb E_{X \sim \mathcal D} \langle v,X\rangle^p$ is a sum of square polynomials. This establishes that eve

Yoon-Joo Kim

Let $\pi : X \to B$ be a projective Lagrangian fibration of a smooth symplectic variety $X$ to a smooth variety $B$. Denote the complement of the discriminant locus by $B_0 = B \setminus \operatorname{Disc}(\pi)$, its preimage by $X_0 = \pi^{-1}(B_0)$, and the complement of the critical locus by $X' = X \setminus \operatorname{Sing}(\pi)$. Under an assumptio

Arpit Guleria, J. Harshan, Ranjitha Prasad, B. N. Bharath

Class imbalance in training datasets can lead to bias and poor generalization in machine learning models. While pre-processing of training datasets can efficiently address both these issues in centralized learning environments, it is challenging to detect and address these issues in a distributed learning environment such as federated learning. In this paper

Mohammed Hassan, Omar Abouelazm

In this paper, we introduce a novel modification to the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol, aimed at enhancing its efficiency through the use of quantum memory and delayed measurement. In the standard BB84 protocol, the receiver immediately measures the qubits sent by the sender using randomly chosen bases. Due to mismatches between the sender and

Ted M Johnson, Cameron Kelahan, Avi M. Mandell, Ashraf Dhahbi

We present the Variable Star PhasE Curve (VSPEC) Collection, a set of Python packages for simulating combined-light spectroscopic observations of 3-dimensional exoplanet atmospheres in the presence of stellar variability and inhomogeneity. VSPEC uses the Planetary Spectrum Generator's Global Emission Spectra (PSG/GlobES) application along with a custom-built

Samuel Martin-Gutierrez, Mauritz N. Cartier van Dissel, Fariba Karimi

Social networks are shaped by complex, intersecting identities that drive our connection preferences. These preferences weave networks where certain groups hold privileged positions, while others become marginalized. While previous research has examined the impact of single-dimensional identities on inequalities of social capital, social disparities accumula

Nikolai M. Suvorov, Irina A. Lomazova, Andrey Rivkin

A process model is called sound if it always terminates properly and each model activity can occur in a process instance. Conducting soundness verification right after process design allows one to detect and eliminate design errors in a process to be implemented. The process of eliminating such errors is called soundness repair. In many repair scenarios, the

Aleix Bassolas, Joan Massachs, Emanuele Cozzo, Julian Vicens

Social media platforms like YouTube and Twitter play a key role in disseminating both reliable and unreliable information about climate change. This study analyses the topology of interactions in Twitter and their relation to cross-platform sharing, content discussions and emotional responses. We examined climate change discussions across four topics: the 27

Damiano Andreghetti, Luca Dall'Asta, Andrea Gamba, Igor Kolokolov

Molecular sorting in biological membranes is essential for proper cellular function. It also plays a crucial role in the budding of enveloped viruses from host cells. We recently proposed that this process is driven by phase separation, where the formation and growth of sorting domains depend primarily on direct intermolecular interactions. In addition to th

Meysam Fathizadeh, Hanz Richter

Energy consumption optimization of a two-link planar robotic arm is considered with the system's efficiency being the target for optimization. A new formulation of thermodynamic principles within the framework of dynamical systems is used. This approach is applied by considering cyclic motions for the robotic arm and analyzing the cyclic averaged energies wh

Justin P. Haldar

In this work, we draw connections between the classical Shannon interpolation of bandlimited deterministic signals and the literature on estimating continuous-time random processes from their samples (known in various communities under different names, such as Wiener-Kolmogorov filtering, Gaussian process regression, and kriging). This leads to the realizati

Shuai Ma

With the advances of AI research, AI has been increasingly adopted in numerous domains, ranging from low-stakes daily tasks such as movie recommendations to high-stakes tasks such as medicine, and criminal justice decision-making. Explainability is becoming an essential requirement for people to understand, trust and adopt AI applications. Despite a vast col

Ainitze Biteri-Uribarren, Ana Martin, Jorge Casanova

Advances in sensing devices that utilize nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles in diamond are driving progress in microscale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Utilizing quantum sensing techniques in the high-field regime significantly boosts sensitivity by increasing thermal polarization and improves spectral quality via enhanced energy shifts. Compa

Irina Bobkova, J. D. Quigley

We produce five 192-periodic infinite families of simple $\eta$-torsion elements in the stable homotopy groups of spheres with trivial image under the tmf-Hurewicz homomorphism. We also establish that several other 192-periodic families in the stable stems, which are in the tmf-Hurewicz image, consist of simple $\eta$-torsion elements.

Zhihao Fu, Hongping Deng, Douglas N. C. Lin, Lucio Mayer

The origin of planetary mass objects (PMOs) wandering in young star clusters remains enigmatic, especially when they come in pairs. They could represent the lowest-mass object formed via molecular cloud collapse or high-mass planets ejected from their host stars. However, neither theory fully accounts for their abundance and multiplicity. Here, we show via h

Kaijing Luo, Ka-Ho Chow

Protecting intellectual property (IP) in federated learning (FL) is increasingly important as clients contribute proprietary data to collaboratively train models. Model watermarking, particularly through backdoor-based methods, has emerged as a popular approach for verifying ownership and contributions in deep neural networks trained via FL. By manipulating

Michał Fiedorowicz

This document collects several approaches attempted in proving the Chen-Raspaud Conjecture for k = 3. Each approach is detailed with full proofs and explanations of why it failed. This compilation aims to provide insights and a foundation for future research on this conjecture.

Farrukh Bin Rashid, Windhya Rankothge, Somayeh Sadeghi, Hesamodin Mohammadian

In an era where global connectivity has become critical, satellite communication is essential for businesses, governments, and individuals. Widely used services with satellite communication such as climate change monitoring, military surveillance and real-time event broadcasting, involve data in the form of images rather text. Therefore, securing image trans

Camilla H. Sørensen, Magnus V. Nielsen, Sander J. Linde, Duc Hieu Nguyen

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a powerful technique for mapping nanoscale surface properties through tip-sample interactions. Thermal scanning-probe lithography (tSPL) is an advanced SPM variant that uses a silicon tip on a heated cantilever to sculpt and measure polymer films with nanometer precision. The surfaces produced by tSPL-smooth topographic lan

Jiawei Zhang, Jun Li, Reachsak Ly, Yunyi Liu

For structural health monitoring, continuous and automatic crack detection has been a challenging problem. This study is conducted to propose a framework of automatic crack segmentation from high-resolution images containing crack information about steel box girders of bridges. Considering the multi-scale feature of cracks, convolutional neural network archi

Jacob Nibauer, Ana Bonaca, David N. Spergel, Adrian M. Price-Whelan

Stellar streams retain a memory of their gravitational interactions with small-scale perturbations. While perturbative models for streams have been formulated in action-angle coordinates, a direct transformation to these coordinates is only available for static and typically axisymmetric models for the galaxy. The real Milky Way potential is in a state of di

Habib Ammari, Thea Kosche

In this paper, we consider the resonance problem for the cubic nonlinear Helmholtz equation in the subwavelength regime. We derive a discrete model for approximating the subwavelength resonances of finite systems of high-contrast resonators with Kerr-type nonlinearities. Our discrete formulation is valid in both weak and strong nonlinear regimes. Compared to

Haoming Liang, Li-Jen Chen, Stephen A. Fuselier, Roman G. Gomez

We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of oxygen ions (O+) during a coronal mass ejection in April 2023 when the solar wind was sub-Alfv\'enic and Alfv\'en wings formed. For the first time, O+ characteristics are studied at the contact region between the unshocked solar wind and the magnetosphere. The O+ ions show energies between 100s eV and ~30 k

Fuyang Tay, Stephen Sanders, Andrey Baydin, Zhigang Song

Strong coupling between matter and vacuum electromagnetic fields in a cavity can induce novel quantum phases in thermal equilibrium via symmetry breaking. Particularly intriguing is the coupling with circularly polarized cavity fields, which can break time-reversal symmetry (TRS) and lead to topological bands. This has spurred significant interest in develop

Xiwen Li, Rehman Mohammed, Tristalee Mangin, Surojit Saha

Idling vehicle detection (IVD) can be helpful in monitoring and reducing unnecessary idling and can be integrated into real-time systems to address the resulting pollution and harmful products. The previous approach [13], a non-end-to-end model, requires extra user clicks to specify a part of the input, making system deployment more error-prone or even not f

Qintong Zhang, Bin Wang, Victor Shea-Jay Huang, Junyuan Zhang

Document parsing (DP) transforms unstructured or semi-structured documents into structured, machine-readable representations, enabling downstream applications such as knowledge base construction and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). This survey provides a comprehensive and timely review of document parsing research. We propose a systematic taxonomy that

Pablo Grobas Illobre, Piero Lafiosca, Luca Bonatti, Tommaso Giovannini

A multiscale QM/classical approach is presented, that is able to model the optical properties of complex nanostructures composed of a molecular system adsorbed on metal nanoparticles. The latter are described by a combined atomistic-continuum model, where the core is described using the implicit boundary element method (BEM) and the surface retains a fully a

Ryuji Tanimoto

We are concerned with polynomial involutions in characteristic two. In this note, we look for involutions among triangular automorphisms of the four-dimensional polynomial ring in characteristic two and obtain three types of such involutions.

Soumya Chakraborty, Ayanendranath Basu, Abhik Ghosh

Covariance matrix estimation is an important problem in multivariate data analysis, both from theoretical as well as applied points of view. Many simple and popular covariance matrix estimators are known to be severely affected by model misspecification and the presence of outliers in the data; on the other hand robust estimators with reasonably high efficie

Davide Neri

The uncertainty about the relationships between the star catalogue contained in the Almagest (books VII-VIII) and the catalogue of Hipparchus dates back to the origins of modern astronomy. The fact that Hipparchus' catalogue was lost and that his observations of a limited number of stars remained has favored the formulation of various hypotheses on the subje

Jianzhang Du, Tilak Mudgal, Rutvi Rahul Gadre, Yukui Luo

In this paper, we address the problem of efficiently answering predicate queries on encrypted databases, those secured by Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), which enable untrusted providers to process encrypted user data without revealing its contents. A common strategy in modern databases to accelerate predicate queries is the use of indexes, which map

Arnab Sharma, N'Dah Jean Kouagou, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

In recent years, knowledge graphs have gained interest and witnessed widespread applications in various domains, such as information retrieval, question-answering, recommendation systems, amongst others. Large-scale knowledge graphs to this end have demonstrated their utility in effectively representing structured knowledge. To further facilitate the applica

A. Antognini, N. J. Ayres, I. Belosevic, V. Bondar

We present the first demonstration of simultaneous phase space compression in two spatial dimensions of a positive muon beam, the first stage of the novel high-brightness muon beam under development by the muCool collaboration at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The keV-energy, sub-mm size beam would enable a factor 10$^5$ improvement in brightness for precision

Sigbjørn Hervik

We continue to study left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics on Lie groups being in the null cone of the $O(p,q)$-action using the moving bracket approach. In particular, the Lie algebra being in the null cone implies that the pseudo-Riemannian metric have all vanishing scalar curvature invariants (VSI). We consider \emph{all} Lie algebras of dimension $\le

Zhihao Zhao, Yinzheng Zhao, Junjie Yang, Quanmin Liang

Background and Objective: In the realm of ophthalmic imaging, accurate vascular segmentation is paramount for diagnosing and managing various eye diseases. Contemporary deep learning-based vascular segmentation models rival human accuracy but still face substantial challenges in accurately segmenting minuscule blood vessels in neural network applications. Du

Lize Alberts, Benjamin Ellis, Andrei Lupu, Jakob Foerster

We introduce a multi-turn benchmark for evaluating personalised alignment in LLM-based AI assistants, focusing on their ability to handle user-provided safety-critical contexts. Our assessment of ten leading models across five scenarios (with 337 use cases each) reveals systematic inconsistencies in maintaining user-specific consideration, with even top-rate

Jinwoo Choi, Dohyeong Kim

We establish a weak form of Ennola's conjecture. We achieve this by showing that two main assumptions Louboutin made in his previous work hold true. These assumptions are about Laurent polynomials over the rationals, and we prove them by using Newton identities.

Jiaheng Liu, Ken Deng, Congnan Liu, Jian Yang

Repository-level code completion has drawn great attention in software engineering, and several benchmark datasets have been introduced. However, existing repository-level code completion benchmarks usually focus on a limited number of languages (<5), which cannot evaluate the general code intelligence abilities across different languages for existing code L

Vadim V. Bobylev, Anisa T. Bajkova

The kinematic properties of the Sco-Cen association have been studied using the spatial velocities of young stars. New kinematic age estimates for the three components of the association with the age of UCL and LCC being $17.7\pm2.4$ Myrs and the age of US being $6.4\pm1.7$ Myrs have been obtained. The parameters of the residual velocities US, UCL, and LCC e

Qi Zhang, Zhijia Chen, Huitong Pan, Cornelia Caragea

Scientific information extraction (SciIE) is critical for converting unstructured knowledge from scholarly articles into structured data (entities and relations). Several datasets have been proposed for training and validating SciIE models. However, due to the high complexity and cost of annotating scientific texts, those datasets restrict their annotations

Xi Zhang, Yuan Pu, Yuki Kawamura, Andrew Loza

Modeling stochastic and irregularly sampled time series is a challenging problem found in a wide range of applications, especially in medicine. Neural stochastic differential equations (Neural SDEs) are an attractive modeling technique for this problem, which parameterize the drift and diffusion terms of an SDE with neural networks. However, current algorith

Ritvik Singh, Jingzhou Liu, Karl Van Wyk, Yu-Wei Chao

Vision-based object detectors are a crucial basis for robotics applications as they provide valuable information about object localisation in the environment. These need to ensure high reliability in different lighting conditions, occlusions, and visual artifacts, all while running in real-time. Collecting and annotating real-world data for these networks is

Philipp Berghofer

The program of reconstructing quantum theory based on information-theoretic principles enjoys much popularity in the foundations of physics. Surprisingly, this endeavor has only received very little attention in philosophy. Here I argue that this should change. This is because, on the one hand, reconstructions can help us to better understand quantum mechani

Matthew Landers, Taylor W. Killian, Hugo Barnes, Thomas Hartvigsen

Offline reinforcement learning in high-dimensional, discrete action spaces is challenging due to the exponential scaling of the joint action space with the number of sub-actions and the complexity of modeling sub-action dependencies. Existing methods either exhaustively evaluate the action space, making them computationally infeasible, or factorize Q-values,

Leonardo A. Poveda, Shubin Fu, Guanglian Li, Eric Chung

We develop a new spatial semidiscrete multiscale method based upon the edge multiscale methods to solve semilinear parabolic problems with heterogeneous coefficients and smooth initial data. This method allows for a cheap spatial discretization, which fails to resolve the spatial heterogeneity but maintains satisfactory accuracy independent of the heterogene

Emiliano Höss, Pablo De Cristóforis

A dense SLAM system is essential for mobile robots, as it provides localization and allows navigation, path planning, obstacle avoidance, and decision-making in unstructured environments. Due to increasing computational demands the use of GPUs in dense SLAM is expanding. In this work, we present coVoxSLAM, a novel GPU-accelerated volumetric SLAM system that

James Atkinson

The tau-function for quad-equations from the ABS classification is briefly explained. It is an auxiliary variable that systematically linearises the Backlund chain. Many equations have the same tau function and are unified by transformations constructed on that basis. Simple examples are included.

Carlos Lopez-Coba, Lihwai Lin, Justus Neumann, Matthew A. Bershady

Non-circular (NC) motions represent the imprints of non-axisymmetric structures in galaxies, providing opportunities to study the physical properties of gas departing from circular rotation. In this work, we have conducted a systematic study of the non-circular motions in a sample of 1624 gas-rich disk galaxies from the MaNGA MPL-11. By using the H$\alpha$ v

Sahasra Kokkula, Somanathan R, Nandavardhan R, Aashishkumar

The advent of Large Language Models LLMs marks a milestone in Artificial Intelligence, altering how machines comprehend and generate human language. However, LLMs are vulnerable to malicious prompt injection attacks, where crafted inputs manipulate the models behavior in unintended ways, compromising system integrity and causing incorrect outcomes. Conventio

Jun-ichiro Inoue, Hiroki Tsuchiura

We develop the phenomenological theory for uniaxial ferromagnets, and derive explicit formulae for their magnetostriction (MS) and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) generated by the magnetoelastic (ME) effects. An analysis of the experimental results for the MS in hexagonal YCo$_{5}$ using the formulae obtained reveals that 1) an elastic anomaly should appear

Priyanka Mudgal, Feng Liu

In recent years, learned image compression methods have demonstrated superior rate-distortion performance compared to traditional image compression methods. Recent methods utilize convolutional neural networks (CNN), variational autoencoders (VAE), invertible neural networks (INN), and transformers. Despite their significant contributions, a main drawback of

Marc Farreras, Alba Cervera-Lierta

The field of quantum computing has grown fast in recent years, both in theoretical advancements and the practical construction of quantum computers. These computers were initially proposed, among other reasons, to efficiently simulate and comprehend the complexities of quantum physics. In this paper, we present a comprehensive scheme for the exact simulation

Xiao Li, Huan Li, Hua Lu, Christian S. Jensen

In large venues like shopping malls and airports, knowledge on the indoor populations fuels applications such as business analytics, venue management, and safety control. In this work, we provide means of modeling populations in partitions of indoor space offline and of monitoring indoor populations continuously, by using indoor positioning data. However, th

Shiv Kampani, David Hidary, Constantijn van der Poel, Martin Ganahl

The discovery of causal relationships between random variables is an important yet challenging problem that has applications across many scientific domains. Differentiable causal discovery (DCD) methods are effective in uncovering causal relationships from observational data; however, these approaches often suffer from limited interpretability and face chall

Wanlin Jiang, Jiale Gao, Xiangyu Zhang, Shengxi Zuo

In this paper, we introduce a new matrix decomposition called the m-Core-nilpotent decomposition which is an extension of the Core-nilpotent decomposition. By this new decomposition, we propose a new generalized inverse named the m-weak group MP inverse which unifies the DMP-inverse and weak core inverse. Some characterizations, properties and representation

Nima Meghdadi, Diana Inkpen

This paper presents the methods used for LegalLens-2024 shared task, which focused on detecting legal violations within unstructured textual data and associating these violations with potentially affected individuals. The shared task included two subtasks: A) Legal Named Entity Recognition (L-NER) and B) Legal Natural Language Inference (L-NLI). For subtask

Tirumala Chakradhar

We consider the Steklov problem on differential $p$-forms defined by M. Karpukhin and present geometric eigenvalue bounds in the setting of warped product manifolds in various scenarios. In particular, we obtain Escobar type lower bounds for warped product manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature and strictly convex boundary, and certain sharp bounds for

CMS Collaboration

Results are presented for a test of the compositeness of the heaviest charged lepton, $\tau$, using data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. The data were collected in 2016-2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. This analysis searches for tau lepton pair

Massimo Papa

In this paper, the authors discuss neutron-proton equilibration process induced on the 70Zn + 70Zn system at 35 MeV/nucleon, comparing experimental results with the Anti-symmetrized Molecular Dynamics and the Constrained Molecular Dynamics model simulations (COMD). The comment contains observations on the improper use of the COMD model, including some misint

Isabelle Lee, Joshua Lum, Ziyi Liu, Dani Yogatama

While interpretability research has shed light on some internal algorithms utilized by transformer-based LLMs, reasoning in natural language, with its deep contextuality and ambiguity, defies easy categorization. As a result, formulating clear and motivating questions for circuit analysis that rely on well-defined in-domain and out-of-domain examples require

Michael Konstantinou, Renzo Degiovanni, Mike Papadakis

Software testing is an essential part of the software development cycle to improve the code quality. Typically, a unit test consists of a test prefix and a test oracle which captures the developer's intended behaviour. A known limitation of traditional test generation techniques (e.g. Randoop and Evosuite) is that they produce test oracles that capture the a

Wei Xu, Xue-Feng Zhang

Leveraging the rapid development of quantum simulators, the intriguing phenomena of quantum string are observed across various quantum simulation platforms. However, the complex interplay between the quantum strings cannot be well analyzed due to the limited system size in real quantum simulators. Here, with the help of a newly developed quantum Monte Carlo

Federica Fanelli, Hygor P. M. Melo, Matteo Bruno, Vittorio Loreto

The distribution of urban services reveals critical patterns of human activity and accessibility. Proximity to amenities like restaurants, banks, and hospitals can reduce access barriers, but these services are often unevenly distributed, exacerbating spatial inequalities and socioeconomic disparities. In this study, we present a novel accessibility measure

Oliver Rehm, Lutz Baumgarten, Roberto Guido, Pia Maria Düring

Aluminum scandium nitride (Al$_{1-x}$Sc$_x$N) is a promising material for ferroelectric devices due to its large remanent polarization, scalability, and compatibility with semiconductor technology. By doping AlN with Sc, the bonds in the polar AlN structure are weakened, which enables ferroelectric switching below the dielectric breakdown field. However, one