November 2024 arXiv papers — page 106

Camille Delgrange, Olga Demler, Samia Mora, Bjoern Menze

Predicting stroke risk is a complex challenge that can be enhanced by integrating diverse clinically available data modalities. This study introduces a self-supervised multimodal framework that combines 3D brain imaging, clinical data, and image-derived features to improve stroke risk prediction prior to onset. By leveraging large unannotated clinical datase

Daphné Chopard, Sonia Laguna, Kieran Chin-Cheong, Annika Dietz

General movements (GMs) are spontaneous, coordinated body movements in infants that offer valuable insights into the developing nervous system. Assessed through the Prechtl GM Assessment (GMA), GMs are reliable predictors for neurodevelopmental disorders. However, GMA requires specifically trained clinicians, who are limited in number. To scale up newborn sc

Yunchao Liu, Ha Dong, Xin Wang, Rocco Moretti

While deep learning has revolutionized computer-aided drug discovery, the AI community has predominantly focused on model innovation and placed less emphasis on establishing best benchmarking practices. We posit that without a sound model evaluation framework, the AI community's efforts cannot reach their full potential, thereby slowing the progress and tran

Pranjal Jain, Shuo Li

Let $w$ be a finite word over the alphabet $\{0,1\}$. For any natural number $n$, let $s_w(n)$ denote the number of occurrence of $w$ in the binary expansion of $n$ as a scattered subsequence. We study the behavior of the partial sum $\sum_{n=0}^N(-1)^{s_w(n)}$ and characterize several classes of words $w$ satisfying $\sum_{n=0}^N(-1)^{s_w(n)}= O(N^{1-\epsil

Ashwani Punia, Rajendra K. Ray

This study presents a new higher-order super-compact (HOSC) finite difference scheme for analyzing enhanced heat transfer of three-dimensional (3D) nanofluid natural convection in a cubic cavity. The unique contribution of the present work lies in the extension of the higher-order super-compact finite difference scheme to examine the natural convection of na

Terence Highsmith

Caseworkers in foster care systems match waiting children to adoptive homes. We use dynamic matching market design to characterize a class of mechanisms that incentivize expedient matches that homes can accept or decline. We design mechanisms satisfying fairness and limited strategy-proofness. They also avoid costly patience. Our empirically-based simulation

Razmik Mirzoyan

Over the last three decades, the ground-based technique of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes has established itself as a powerful scientific discipline. About 250 very high gamma-ray sources of both galactic and extragalactic origin have been discovered, largely thanks to this technique. The study of these sources provides clues to many fundamental qu

Uri Kol

The Teukolsky equation describing scattering from Kerr black holes captures a few important effects in the process of binary mergers, such as tidal deformations and the decay of ringdown modes, thereby raising interest in the structure of its solutions. In this letter we identify critical phenomena emerging in the corresponding phase space. One special point

Maraz Mia, Darius Derakhshan, Mir Mehedi A. Pritom

Phishing has been a prevalent cyber threat that manipulates users into revealing sensitive private information through deceptive tactics, designed to masquerade as trustworthy entities. Over the years, proactively detection of phishing URLs (or websites) has been established as an widely-accepted defense approach. In literature, we often find supervised Mach

Farnaz Niknia, Ping Wang

This paper addresses the challenge of edge caching in dynamic environments, where rising traffic loads strain backhaul links and core networks. We propose a Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based caching strategy that fully incorporates key file attributes such as size, lifetime, importance, and popularity, while also considering random file request arriva

Pere Masjuan, Alejandro Miranda, Pablo Roig

We computed for the first time the $\tau$ data-driven Euclidean windows for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon g-2. We showed that $\tau$-based results agree with the available lattice window evaluations and with the full result. On the intermediate window, where all lattice evaluations are rather precise and agree, $\tau$-based result

Philippe Nadeau, Jonathan Kelly

This work establishes a solution to the problem of assessing the capacity of multi-object assemblies to withstand external forces without becoming unstable. Our physically-grounded approach handles arbitrary structures made from rigid objects of any shape and mass distribution without relying on heuristics or approximations. The result is a method that provi

Sanggeon Yun

Graphs, consisting of vertices and edges, are vital for representing complex relationships in fields like social networks, finance, and blockchain. Visualizing these graphs helps analysts identify structural patterns, with readability metrics-such as node occlusion and edge crossing-assessing layout clarity. However, calculating these metrics is computationa

Yuehao Bai, Shunzhuang Huang, Max Tabord-Meehan

This paper studies a potential outcome model with a continuous or discrete outcome, a discrete multi-valued treatment, and a discrete multi-valued instrument. We derive sharp, closed-form testable implications for a class of restrictions on potential treatments where each value of the instrument encourages towards at most one unique treatment choice; such re

Tiankai Xie, Caleb Geniesse, Jiaqing Chen, Yaoqing Yang

Characterizing the loss of a neural network with respect to model parameters, i.e., the loss landscape, can provide valuable insights into properties of that model. Various methods for visualizing loss landscapes have been proposed, but less emphasis has been placed on quantifying and extracting actionable and reproducible insights from these complex represe

Jan Goedgebeur, Davide Mattiolo, Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo, Jarne Renders

A recent result by Kardo\v{s}, M\'a\v{c}ajov\'a and Zerafa [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B. 160 (2023) 1--14] related to the famous Berge-Fulkerson conjecture implies that given an arbitrary set of odd pairwise edge-disjoint cycles, say $\mathcal O$, in a bridgeless cubic graph, there exists a $1$-factor intersecting all cycles in $\mathcal O$ in at least one edge.

K. Saranya, M. Suguna, Salahuddin

The research explores a novel mathematical model for closed loop insulin delivery systems, featuring a glucose sensitive membrane. It employs a sophisticated framework of nonlinear reaction diffusion equations and enzyme kinetics. Central to the study is the development of analytical solutions for the glucose, gluconic acid, and oxygen concentrations, which

Xiaohui Tu, Yossiri Adulyasak, Nima Akbarzadeh, Erick Delage

We consider fair resource allocation in sequential decision-making environments modeled as weakly coupled Markov decision processes, where resource constraints couple the action spaces of $N$ sub-Markov decision processes (sub-MDPs) that would otherwise operate independently. We adopt a fairness definition using the generalized Gini function instead of the t

Joseph Griffin, Peihong Yuan, Ken R. Duffy, Muriel Medard

Guessing Codeword Decoding (GCD) is a recently proposed soft-input forward error correction decoder for arbitrary binary linear codes. Inspired by recent proposals that leverage binary linear codebook structure to reduce the number of queries made by Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND), for binary linear codes that include a full-message single p

D. Hudson Smith, Noah Nisbet, Carl Ehrett, Cristina I. Tica

Environmental and individualistic variables affect the rate of human decomposition in complex ways. These effects complicate the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) based on observed decomposition characteristics. In this work, we develop a generative probabilistic model for decomposing human remains based on PMI and a wide range of environmental and

Wei-Shao Wei, Thomas E. Videbæk, Daichi Hayakawa, Rupam Saha

Self-assembly of nanoscale synthetic subunits is a promising bottom-up strategy for fabrication of functional materials. Here, we introduce a design principle for DNA origami nanoparticles of 50-nm size, exploiting modularity, to make a family of versatile subunits that can target an abundant variety of self-assembled structures. The subunits are based on a

Silvio C. Patricio, Paola Vazquez-Castillo

\noindent The modal age at death is an increasingly used measure for understanding longevity and mortality patterns. However, existing estimation methods focus on point estimates, overlooking the inherent variability and uncertainty in mortality data. This study addresses this gap by introducing a probabilistic framework for estimating the probability distri

Pablo Roig

We review the radiative corrections to the $\tau \to P (P) \nu_\tau [\gamma]$ decays and their implications for several SM tests: lepton universality, CKM unitarity and non-standard interactions.

Trevor Seets, Andreas Velten

Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) is a promising surgical technique that gives surgeons a unique view of tissue that is used to guide their practice by delineating tissue types and diseased areas. As new fluorescent contrast agents are developed that have low fluorescent photon yields, it becomes increasingly important to develop computational models to allo

Jonathan M. Mousley, Paul Bendich

Topological Data Analysis (TDA) has been applied with success to solve problems across many scientific disciplines. However, in the setting of a point cloud $X$ sampled from a shape $\mathcal{S}$ of low intrinsic dimension embedded within high ambient dimension $\mathbb{R}^D$, persistent homology, a key element to many TDA pipelines, suffers from two problem

N. Kroó, L. P. Csernai, I. Papp, M. A. Kedves

The NanoPlasmonic Laser Induced Fusion Energy (NAPLIFE) project proposed fusion by regulating the laser light absorption via resonant nanorod antennas implanted into hydrogen rich urethane acrylate methacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA) copolymer targets. In part of the tests, boron-nitride (BN) was added to the polymer. Our exp

Shrivatch Sankar, Punam Murkute, Micah Meleski, Nathan Gajowski

III V semiconductor nanowire based photodetectors have significant potential for remote sensing and LiDAR applications, particularly due to their ability to operate at 1.55 {\mu}m. Achieving room temperature operation and near unity absorption using these nanowires at 1.55 {\mu}m is crucial for single photon detection, which offers a promising solution to th

Jaime Oswaldo Gonzalez Maya, Erick de Moraes Franklin

In a recent paper (Gonzalez et al., 2023), we investigated the motion of grains within a granular bed sheared by a viscous fluid, and showed how segregation and hardening occur in the fluid- (bedload) and solid-like (creep) regions. In this paper, we inquire further into the mechanisms leading to grain segregation in a bidisperse bed, and how the forces are

Hao Wu, Tatsuya Shishidou, Michael Weinert, Daniel F. Agterberg

The recently synthesized $\eta$-carbide-type superconductors exhibit large critical fields. A notable example is Ti$_4$Ir$_2$O, for which the upper critical field strongly violates the Pauli paramagnetic limit, behavior that is unusual for cubic materials that preserve inversion symmetry. Here, by combining density functional theory (DFT) and analytic modeli

Yuya Kusuki, Sara Murciano, Hirosi Ooguri, Sridip Pal

A state in a quantum system with a given global symmetry, $G$, can be sensitive to the presence of boundaries, which may either preserve or break this symmetry. In this work, we investigate how conformal invariant boundary conditions influence the $G-$symmetry breaking through the lens of the entanglement asymmetry, a quantifier of the "distance" between a s

Meike Hatzel, Stephan Kreutzer, Evangelos Protopapas, Florian Reich

We prove that there exist four operations such that given any two strongly $2$-connected digraphs $H$ and $D$ where $H$ is a butterfly-minor of $D$, there exists a sequence $D_0,\dots, D_n$ where $D_0=H$, $D_n=D$ and for every $0\leq i\leq n-1$, $D_i$ is a strongly $2$-connected butterfly-minor of $D_{i+1}$ which is obtained by a single application of one of

Kelby D. Palencia-Torres, César F. Quiñones-Martínez, Javier A. García Sepúlveda, Luis R. Rivera Gabriel

The Arecibo Message was a brief binary-encoded communication transmitted into space from the Arecibo Observatory on November 16, 1974, intended to demonstrate human technological prowess. In late 2018, to commemorate the 45th anniversary of this message, the Arecibo Observatory initiated the New Arecibo Message competition. Following a series of challenges,

Hongbin Ni, Ozgur B. Akan

Molecular communication (MC) in microfluidic channels faces significant challenges in signal detection due to the stochastic nature of molecule propagation and dynamic, noisy environments. Conventional detection methods often struggle under varying channel conditions, leading to high bit error rates (BER) and reduced communication efficiency. This paper intr

Gianluca Guidi, Francesca Dominici, Jonathan Gilmour, Kevin Butler

The rapid proliferation of data centers in the US - driven partly by the adoption of artificial intelligence - has set off alarm bells about the industry's environmental impact. We compiled detailed information on 2,132 US data centers operating between September 2023 and August 2024 and determined their electricity consumption, electricity sources, and attr

Yuh-Shan Ho, Juan-Jose Prieto-Gutierrez

This study aimed to identify and analyze the characteristics of highly cited publications in the field of artificial intelligence within the Science Citation Index Expanded from 1991 to 2022. The assessment focused on documents that garnered 100 citations or more from the Web of Science Core Collection, spanning from their publication date to the end of 2022

M. Romero-Bastida, A. Poceros Varela

In this work we conduct an extensive study of the asymmetric heat flow, i.e. thermal rectification, present in the two-segment Frenkel Kontorova model with both nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions. We have considered systems with both high and low asymmetry and determined that, in the weak-coupling limit, thermal rectification

Ning Bao, Keiichiro Furuya, Gun Suer

We search for efficient disentanglers on random Clifford circuits of two-qubit gates arranged in a brick-wall pattern, using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm \cite{schulman2017proximalpolicyoptimizationalgorithms}. Disentanglers are defined as a set of projective measurements inserted between consecutive entangling layers. An efficient disent

Yuqi Zhou, Cong Feng, Mingzhi Zhang, Rui Yang

This paper explores the use of autonomous unmanned vehicles to support power grid operations. With built-in batteries and the capability to carry additional battery energy storage, the rising number of autonomous vehicles can represent a substantial amount of capacity that is currently underutilized in the power grid. Unlike traditional electric vehicles tha

Gavin Wilks, Zhenyu Ye

A significant $\phi$-meson global spin alignment ($\rho_{00}$) signal was measured in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\le62$ GeV. Conventional physics mechanisms such as $s(\bar{s})$ spin polarization fail to accommodate this $\rho_{00}$ signal, motivating further investigation into its origin. Recent studies from a general framework utilizing the gauge/gr

Lev Titarchuk, Elena Seifina, Yegor Mishin

To date, a number of changing-look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are known. We studied, in detail what happens to the X-ray spectrum during the CL events using the example of the nearby CL Seyfert NGC1566, which was observed by Swift, NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku. We applied the Comptonization model to describe an evolution of NGC~1566 X-ray spectra d

Chang-An Li, Bo Fu, Jian Li, Björn Trauzettel

We demonstrate that random flux is able to drive nontrivial topological phase transitions, in particular between weak topological insulators (WTIs) and Chern insulators (CIs), illustrated on an anisotropic Wilson-Dirac model in two dimensions. Remarkably, an intriguing topological transition sequence WTIs$\rightarrow$CIs$\rightarrow$WTIs occurs with the reen

Jonathan Warrell, Francesco Alesiani, Cameron Smith, Anja Mösch

Levels of selection and multilevel evolutionary processes are essential concepts in evolutionary theory, and yet there is a lack of common mathematical models for these core ideas. Here, we propose a unified mathematical framework for formulating and optimizing multilevel evolutionary processes and genetic algorithms over arbitrarily many levels based on con

Horst R Thieme

For a heterogeneous host population, the basic reproduction number of an infectious disease, $\cR_0$, is defined as the spectral radius of the next generation operator (NGO). The threshold properties of the basic reproduction number are typically established by imposing conditions that make $\cR_0$ an eigenvalue of the NGO associated with a positive eigenvec

Kailong Wang, Athina Petropulu

A MIMO dual-function radar communication (DFRC) system transmitting orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) waveforms is considered. A key advantage of MIMO radar is its ability to create a virtual array, achieving higher sensing resolution than the physical receive array. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to construct a virtual array for the system

Vasisht Duddu, Rui Zhang, N. Asokan

Machine learning (ML) defenses protect against various risks to security, privacy, and fairness. Real-life models need simultaneous protection against multiple different risks which necessitates combining multiple defenses. But combining defenses with conflicting interactions in an ML model can be ineffective, incurring a significant drop in the effectivenes

M. Romero-Bastida

Thermal resonance, that is, the heat flux obtained by means of a periodic external driving, offers the possibility of controlling heat flux in nanoscale devices suitable for power generation, cooling, and thermoelectrics among others. In this work we study the effect of the onsite potential period on the thermal resonance phenomenon present in a one-dimensio

O. P. Bychkov, S. A. Chernyshev, S. L. Denisov, G. A. Faranosov

The paper presents the results of a theoretical study of the noise shielding effect of a subsonic turbulent jet located near a rigid screen. The developed theoretical model, based on the methods of the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD), takes into account the effects of scattering of the hydrodynamic fluctuations of the jet near field at the edges of t

Raman Choudhary, Rui Soares Barbosa

The exclusivity principle (E-principle) states that the sum of probabilities of pairwise exclusive events cannot exceed 1. Unlike other principles proposed to characterize quantum correlations, its intrinsically non-bipartite formulation enables its application in more general contextuality scenarios. Although equivalent to the no-signalling condition for an

Zohaib Masood, Miguel Vargas Martin

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development is rapidly growing, with developers increasingly relying on these models for coding assistance, including security-critical tasks. Our work presents a comprehensive comparison between traditional static analysis tools for cryptographic API misuse detection-CryptoGuard, CogniCrypt, and Snyk Code-

Caio Waisman

This paper outlines a Bayesian approach to estimate finite mixtures of Tobit models. The method consists of an MCMC approach that combines Gibbs sampling with data augmentation and is simple to implement. I show through simulations that the flexibility provided by this method is especially helpful when censoring is not negligible. In addition, I demonstrate

Mariam Moustafa, Mohit Sethi, Tuomas Aura

The adoption of security protocols such as Transport Layer Security (TLS) has significantly improved the state of traffic encryption and integrity protection on the Internet. Despite rigorous analysis, vulnerabilities continue to emerge, sometimes due to fundamental flaws in the protocol specification. This paper examines the security of TLS when using Raw P

André de F. Stabile, Alessandra Vizzaccaro, Loïc Salles, Alessio Colombo

The direct parametrisation method for invariant manifolds is adjusted to consider a varying parameter. More specifically, the case of systems experiencing a Hopf bifurcation in the parameter range of interest are investigated, and the ability to predict the amplitudes of the limit cycle oscillations after the bifurcation is demonstrated. The cases of the Zie

Mike Thelwall, Zeyneb Kurt

Some research now suggests that ChatGPT can estimate the quality of journal articles from their titles and abstracts. This has created the possibility to use ChatGPT quality scores, perhaps alongside citation-based formulae, to support peer review for research evaluation. Nevertheless, ChatGPT's internal processes are effectively opaque, despite it writing a

Marina A. Ayad, Ramin Nateghi, Abhishek Sharma, Lawrence Chillrud

Inflammation of the umbilical cord can be seen as a result of ascending intrauterine infection or other inflammatory stimuli. Acute fetal inflammatory response (FIR) is characterized by infiltration of the umbilical cord by fetal neutrophils, and can be associated with neonatal sepsis or fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Recent advances in deep learning

Qiang Li, George Teodoro, Yi Jiang, Jun Kong

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response prediction for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is a challenging task clinically as it requires understanding complex histology interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Digital whole slide images (WSIs) capture detailed tissue information, but their giga-pixel size necessitates computational m

Björn Garbrecht, Edward Wang

Recent years have seen a great improvement in the computation of $CP$-conserving and $CP$-violating equilibration rates for leptogenesis. These are relevant for the relativistic regime of the sterile Majorana fermions and the dynamics of the Standard Model particles acting as spectator processes. In order to probe the regime of large $({\cal O}(10^2))$ washo

Francis Gagnon, Alex Thivierge, André Desbiens, Fredrik Bagge Carlson

Proprietary closed-source software is still the norm in advanced process control. Transparency and reproducibility are key aspects of scientific research. Free and open-source toolkit can contribute to the development, sharing and advancement of new and efficient control approaches, and the industrial sector will certainly benefit from them. This paper prese

Mike Thelwall, Abdullah Yaghi

While previous studies have demonstrated that Large Language Models (LLMs) can predict peer review outcomes to some extent, this paper builds on that by introducing two new contexts and employing a more robust method - averaging multiple ChatGPT scores. The findings that averaging 30 ChatGPT predictions, based on reviewer guidelines and using only the submit

Wenyang Qian, Meijian Li, Carlos A. Salgado, Michael Kreshchuk

Quark and gluon jets provide one of the best ways to probe the matter produced in ultrarelativistic high-energy collisions, from cold nuclear matter to hot quark-gluon plasma. In this work, we propose a unified framework for efficient quantum simulation of many-body dynamics using the (3+1)-dimensional QCD Hamiltonian on the light front, particularly suited

Pier Giuseppe Catinari, Angelo Esposito, Shashin Pavaskar

We build and discuss a low energy effective field theory for anisotropic anti-ferromagnets in presence of an external magnetic field. Such an effective theory is simple yet rich, and features a number of phenomena such as the appearance of gapped Goldstones, pseudo-Goldstones and a "spin flop" phase transition, all within the regime of validity of the theory

K. Ohnaka, K. T. Wong, G. Weigelt, K. -H. Hofmann

We present contemporaneous high-angular-resolution millimeter imaging and visible polarimetric imaging of the nearby asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star W Hya to better understand the dynamics and dust formation within a few stellar radii. The star W Hya was observed in two vibrationally excited H2O lines at 268 and 251 GHz with ALMA at a spatial resolution o

BoHao Chen

Partial multi-view clustering (PVC) presents significant challenges practical research problem for data analysis in real-world applications, especially when some views of the data are partially missing. Existing clustering methods struggle to handle incomplete views effectively, leading to suboptimal clustering performance. In this paper, we propose a novel

James B. Dent, Bhaskar Dutta, Mudit Rai

We explore the potential of gravitational waves (GWs) to probe the pre-BBN era of the early universe, focusing on the effects of energy injection. Specifically, we examine a hidden sector alongside the Standard Model that undergoes a strong first-order phase transition (FOPT), producing a GW signal. Once the phase transition has completed, energy injection i

César A. Zen Vasconcellos, Peter O. Hess, José de Freitas Pacheco, Fridolin Weber

We propose a novel extension to the recently developed non-commutative Riemannian foliated branch-cut quantum gravity (BCQG). Based on an extended Faddeev-Jackiw symplectic deformation of the conventional Poisson algebra, we investigate non-commutativity effects on a symplectic topological manifold that provides a natural isomorphic setting composed by a tri

Prachi Khatri, Emilio Romano-Díaz, Cristiano Porciani

The [C II] fine-structure line at 157.74 $\mu$m is one of the brightest far-infrared emission lines and an important probe of galaxy properties like the star formation rate (SFR) and the molecular gas mass ($M_{\mathrm{mol}}$). Using high-resolution numerical simulations, we test the reliability of the [C II] line as a tracer of $M_{\mathrm{mol}}$ in high-re

Siddhant Mal, Elizabeth J. Dresselhaus, Joel E. Moore

Recent experiments on amorphous materials have established the existence of surface states similar to those of crystalline three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs). Amorphous topological insulators are also independently of interest for thermo-electric and other properties. To develop an understanding of transport in these systems, we carry out quantum

Daniel A. Yahalomi, David Kipping, Diana Solano-Oropeza, Madison Li

Accurate, precise, and computationally efficient removal of unwanted activity that exists as a combination of periodic, quasi-periodic, and non-periodic systematic trends in time-series photometric data is a critical step in exoplanet transit analysis. Throughout the years, many different modeling methods have been used for this process, often called "detren

Daniel A. Yahalomi, David Kipping, Eric Agol, David Nesvorny

Transit timing variations (TTVs) are observed for exoplanets at a range of amplitudes and periods, yielding an ostensibly degenerate forest of possible explanations. We offer some clarity in this forest, showing that systems with a distant perturbing planet preferentially show TTVs with a dominant period equal to either the perturbing planet's period or half

Cassidy Gibson, Daniel Olszewski, Natalie Grace Brigham, Anna Crowder

Given a source image of a clothed person (an image subject), AI-based nudification applications can produce nude (undressed) images of that person. Moreover, not only do such applications exist, but there is ample evidence of the use of such applications in the real world and without the consent of an image subject. Still, despite the growing awareness of th

Karolina Dziadura, Przemysław Bartczak, Dagmara Oszkiewicz

The primary objective of this study was to utilize the newest Gaia FPR catalogue containing ultra-precise asteroid astrometry spanning over 66 months to detect the Yarkovsky effect, a non-gravitational acceleration that affects the orbits of small asteroids. Moreover, this study examines close approaches of near-Earth asteroids by comparing orbits calculated

Matthew Hull, Haoran Wang, Matthew Lau, Alec Helbling

Differentiable rendering techniques like Gaussian Splatting and Neural Radiance Fields have become powerful tools for generating high-fidelity models of 3D objects and scenes. Their ability to produce both physically plausible and differentiable models of scenes are key ingredient needed to produce physically plausible adversarial attacks on DNNs. However, t

Steffen Gielen, Elliot Nash

We present the canonical analysis of different versions of unimodular gravity defined in the Pleba\'nski formalism, based on a (generally complex) SO(3) spin connection and set of (self-dual) two-forms. As in the metric formulation of unimodular gravity, one can study either a theory with fixed volume form or work in a parametrised formalism in which the cos

Marc Kamionkowski, Anubhav Mathur

Early dark energy solutions to the Hubble tension introduce an additional scalar field which is frozen at early times but becomes dynamical around matter-radiation equality. In order to alleviate the tension, the scalar's share of the total energy density must rapidly shrink from $\sim 10\%$ at the onset of matter domination to $\ll 1\%$ by recombination. Th

Taishi Kawamoto

The strong eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a sufficient condition for thermalization and equilibration. Although it is expected to be hold in a wide class of highly chaotic theories, there are only a few analytic examples demonstrating the strong ETH in special cases, often through methods related to integrability. In this paper, we explo

Truman Yu Ng, Jin Ming Koh, Dax Enshan Koh

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a near-term quantum algorithm aimed at solving combinatorial optimization problems. Since its introduction, various generalizations have emerged, spanning modifications to the initial state, phase unitaries, and mixer unitaries. In this work, we present an analytical study of broad families of QAOA var

T. -W. Zhou, T. Beller, G. Masini, J. Parravicini

In the Hall effect, a voltage drop develops perpendicularly to the current flow in the presence of a magnetic field, leading to a transverse Hall resistance. Recent developments with quantum simulators have unveiled strongly correlated and universal manifestations of the Hall effect. However, a direct measurement of the Hall voltage and of the Hall resistanc

Jim Fuller, Saul Rappaport, Rahul Jayaraman, Don Kurtz

Stars in close binaries are tidally distorted, and this has a strong effect on their pulsation modes. We compute the mode frequencies and geometries of tidally distorted stars using perturbation theory, accounting for the effects of the Coriolis force and the coupling between different azimuthal orders $m$ of a multiplet induced by the tidal distortion. For

Vojtěch Witzany, Viktor Skoupý, Leo C. Stein, Sashwat Tanay

The motion of compact binaries is influenced by the spin of their components starting at the 1.5 post-Newtonian (PN) order. On the other hand, in the large mass ratio limit, the spin of the lighter object appears in the equations of motion at first order in the mass ratio, coinciding with the leading gravitational self-force. Frame and gauge choices make it

Yi Jiang, Urko Petralanda, Grigorii Skorupskii, Qiaoling Xu

The study of twisted two-dimensional (2D) materials, where twisting layers create moir\'e superlattices, has opened new opportunities for investigating topological phases and strongly correlated physics. While systems such as twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) and twisted transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been extensively studied, the broader potentia

Stéphane Blondin

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) correspond to the thermonuclear explosion of a carbon-oxygen white dwarf (C-O WD) star in a binary system, triggered by the accretion of material from another star, or the merger/collision with a secondary WD. Their phenomenal luminosity -- several billion times that of the sun -- has motivated their use as cosmological distance i

Kenneth Carrell, Ronald Wilhelm, Andrew Tom, Horace Smith

New results on the behavior of the double-mode RR Lyrae V338 Boo are presented. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observed this star again in 2022, and an observing campaign of the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) was completed after the TESS observations as a follow-up. We find that the first overtone pulsation mode in

Yannick Stade, Ludwig Schmid, Lukas Burgholzer, Robert Wille

Quantum computing promises to solve problems previously deemed infeasible. However, high error rates necessitate quantum error correction for practical applications. Seminal experiments with zoned neutral atom architectures have shown remarkable potential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. To fully harness their potential, efficient software solutions are

Minwoo Suh

We construct and study the $AdS_3\times\text{disk}\times\text{disk}$ and $AdS_2\times\text{disk}\times\text{disk}$ solutions of $U(1)^2$-gauged supergravity in seven and six dimensions, respectively. For the construction of $AdS_3\times\text{disk}\times\text{disk}$ solutions, we employ the previously constructed consistent truncation of seven-dimensional gau

Ho Lun Tang, Yanzhu Chen, Prakriti Biswas, Alicia B. Magann

We explore a non-variational quantum state preparation approach combined with the ADAPT operator selection strategy in the application of preparing the ground state of a desired target Hamiltonian. In this algorithm, energy gradient measurements determine both the operators and the gate parameters in the quantum circuit construction. We compare this non-vari

Pengfei Li, Ang Liu, Matthias Kluge, Johan Comparat

The mass of galaxy clusters is a critical quantity for probing cluster cosmology and testing theories of gravity, but its measurement could be biased given assumptions are inevitable. In this paper, we employ and compare two mass proxies for galaxy clusters: thermodynamics of the intracluster medium and kinematics of member galaxies. We select 22 galaxy clus

Matteo Nori, Shubhan Bhatia, Andrea V. Macciò

We present the first set of high-resolution, hydrodynamical cosmological simulations of galaxy formation in a Fuzzy Dark Matter (FDM) framework. These simulations were performed with a new version of the GASOLINE2 code, known as FUZZY-GASOLINE, which can simulate quantum FDM effects alongside a comprehensive baryonic model that includes metal cooling, star f

T. Rick Perche, J. P. M. Pitelli, Daniel A. T. Vanzella

We propose a model for a finite-size particle detector, which allows us to derive its stress-energy tensor. This tensor is obtained from a covariant Lagrangian that describes not only the quantum field that models the detector, $\phi_{\text{d}}$, but also the systems responsible for its localization: a complex scalar field, $\psi_{\text{c}}$, and a perfect f

Wenlong Mou, Jian Qian

Bootstrapping and rollout are two fundamental principles for value function estimation in reinforcement learning (RL). We introduce a novel class of Bellman operators, called subgraph Bellman operators, that interpolate between bootstrapping and rollout methods. Our estimator, derived by solving the fixed point of the empirical subgraph Bellman operator, com

Zichen Liu, Yue Yu, Hao Ouyang, Qiuyu Wang

Image editing involves a variety of complex tasks and requires efficient and precise manipulation techniques. In this paper, we present MagicQuill, an integrated image editing system that enables swift actualization of creative ideas. Our system features a streamlined yet functionally robust interface, allowing for the articulation of editing operations (e.g

Alexander C. Li, Yuandong Tian, Beidi Chen, Deepak Pathak

Conventional wisdom suggests that pre-training Vision Transformers (ViT) improves downstream performance by learning useful representations. Is this actually true? We investigate this question and find that the features and representations learned during pre-training are not essential. Surprisingly, using only the attention patterns from pre-training (i.e.,

Liuquan Wang

Given any positive integer $r$, Nahm's problem is to determine all $r\times r$ rational positive definite matrix $A$, $r$-dimensional rational vector $B$ and rational scalar $C$ such that the rank $r$ Nahm sum associated with $(A,B,C)$ is modular. Around 2007, Zagier conjectured that if the rank $r$ Nahm sum for $(A,B,C)$ is modular, then so is the dual Nahm

Jezreel C. Castillo, Charles R. Evans, Chris Kavanagh, Jakob Neef

We present analytical expressions for the fluxes of energy and angular momentum from a point mass on an inclined spherical orbit about a Kerr black hole. The expressions are obtained using the method of Mano, Suzuki and Takasugi to construct analytical solutions of the Teukolsky equation, and are given as post-Newtonian expansions valid through 12PN, with ar

Shouvik Sur, Chandan Setty

Rare-earth magnets with parent cubic symmetry exhibit unique topological properties. However, the origin of these behaviors remains presently unclear. Here, we develop minimal models for Dirac semimetals (DSMs) with accidental band crossings and higher-order topology in cubic systems, incorporating candidate magnetic order to analyze bulk, surface, and hinge

Sergey Goryainov, Denis Krotov

In Cayley graphs on the additive group of a small vector space over GF$(q)$, $q=2,3$, we look for completely regular (CR) codes whose parameters are new in Hamming graphs over the same field. The existence of a CR code in such Cayley graph $G$ implies the existence of a CR code with the same parameters in the corresponding Hamming graph that covers $G$. In s

Liyuan Chen, Yuanjie Ren, Ruihua Fan, Arthur Jaffe

One potential route toward fault-tolerant universal quantum computation is to use non-Abelian topological codes. In this work, we investigate how to achieve this goal with the quantum double model $\mathcal{D}(S_3)$ -- a specific non-Abelian topological code. By embedding each on-site Hilbert space into a qubit-qutrit pair, we give an explicit construction o

Markus B. Fröb, Leonardo Sangaletti

We consider the generalization of the Araki-Uhlmann formula for relative entropy to Petz-R\'enyi relative entropy. We compute this entropy for a free scalar field in the Minkowski wedge between the vacuum and a coherent state, as well as for the free chiral current in a thermal state. In contrast to the relative entropy which in these cases only depends on t

Shounak De, Andrzej Pokraka

Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the analytic structure of FRW wavefunction coefficients, facilitated by the development of efficient algorithms to derive the differential equations they satisfy. Moreover, recent findings indicate that the twisted cohomology of the associated hyperplane arrangement defining FRW integrals overestimat

Julius Cheng, Maike Züfle, Vilém Zouhar, Andreas Vlachos

Reranking a list of candidates from a machine translation system with an external scoring model and returning the highest-scoring candidate remains a simple and effective method for improving the overall output quality. Translation scoring models continue to grow in size, with the best models being comparable to generation models. Thus, reranking can add sub

Albert J. Zhai, Xinlei Wang, Kaiyuan Li, Zhao Jiang

The ability to automatically build 3D digital twins of plants from images has countless applications in agriculture, environmental science, robotics, and other fields. However, current 3D reconstruction methods fail to recover complete shapes of plants due to heavy occlusion and complex geometries. In this work, we present a novel method for 3D modeling of a

Anjie Gao, Ian Moult, Sanjay Raman, Gregory Ridgway

In the high energy limit, $s\gg -t$, amplitudes in planar gauge theories Reggeize, with power law behavior $\big( \frac{s}{-t} \big)^{\alpha(t)}$ governed by the Regge trajectory $\alpha(t)$. Beyond the planar limit this simplicity is violated by "Regge cuts", for which practical organizational principles are still being developed. We use a top-down effectiv