November 2024 arXiv papers — page 68

Marina Bertolini, Pierdomenico Duttilo, Francesco Lisi

Accurate estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) is essential to meet carbon neutrality targets, particularly through the calculation of direct CO2 emissions from electricity generation. This work reviews and compares emission factor-based methods for accounting direct carbon emissions from electricity generation. The emission factor approach is commonly worldwid

Piotr Achinger, Katharina Hübner, Marcin Lara, Jakob Stix

We develop the foundations of logarithmic structures beyond the standard finiteness conditions. The motivation is the study of semistable models over general valuation rings. The key new notion is that of a morphism of finite presentation up to saturation (sfp), which is one that is qcqs and which is locally isomorphic to the saturated base change of a finit

He-Ran Wang, Zijian Wang, Zhong Wang

The non-Hermitian skin effect describes the phenomenon of exponential localization of single-particle eigenstates near the boundary of the system. We consider its generalization to the many-body regime by investigating a general class of interacting fermion lattice models in Markovian open quantum systems. Therein, the elementary excitations from the "vacuum

F. Akbaba, T. Ak, S. Bilir, O. Plevne

{We present the radial metallicity gradients within the Galactic thin disc population through main-sequence stars selected on the chemical plane using GALAH DR3 accompanied with Gaia DR3 astrometric data. The [Fe/H], [$\alpha$/Fe] and [Mg/H] radial gradients are estimated for guiding radius as $-0.074\pm 0.006$, $+0.004\pm0.002$, $-0.074\pm0.006$ dex kpc$^{-

S. Conforti, L. Zampieri, R. Taverna, R. Turolla

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are enigmatic sources first discovered in the 1980s in external galaxies. They are characterized by their extraordinarily high X-ray luminosity, which often exceeds $10^{40}\, \rm{erg \; s^{-1}}$. Our study aims to obtain more information about pulsating ULXs (PULXs), first of all, their viewing geometry, since it affects a

Kathryn Neilson, Marc Jaikissoon, Dante Zakhidov, Tara Peña

Strain induced through fabrication, both by patterning and capping, can be used to change the properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials or other thin films. Here, we explore how capping layers impart strain to monolayer MoS$_{2}$ using direct x-ray diffraction measurements of the lattice. We first observe the impact of naturally-oxidized metal layers ($\s

Ore Gottlieb, Brian D. Metzger, Francois Foucart, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

We expand the theoretical framework by Gottlieb el al. (2023), which connects binary merger populations with long and short binary gamma-ray bursts (lbGRBs and sbGRBs), incorporating kilonovae as a key diagnostic tool. We show that lbGRBs, powered by massive accretion disks around black holes (BHs), should be accompanied by bright, red kilonovae. In contrast

Sandra Albrechtsen, Hanno von Bergen, Raphael W. Jacobs, Paul Knappe

Diestel, Hundertmark and Lemanczyk asked whether every $k$-tangle in a graph is induced by a set of vertices by majority vote. We reduce their question to graphs whose size is bounded by a function in $k$. Additionally, we show that if for any fixed $k$ this problem has a positive answer, then every $k$-tangle is induced by a vertex set whose size is bounded

Cristóbal Sifón, Alexis Finoguenov, Christopher P. Haines, Yara Jaffé

CHANCES, the CHileAN Cluster galaxy Evolution Survey, will study the evolution of galaxies in and around 100 massive galaxy clusters from the local Universe out to $z = 0.45$, and two superclusters at $z \sim 0.05$ that contain roughly 25 Abell clusters each. CHANCES will use the new 4MOST Spectroscopic Survey Facility on the VISTA 4m telescope to obtain spe

Maximilian Nickel

Rapid model validation via the train-test paradigm has been a key driver for the breathtaking progress in machine learning and AI. However, modern AI systems often depend on a combination of tasks and data collection practices that violate all assumptions ensuring test validity. Yet, without rigorous model validation we cannot ensure the intended outcomes of

Soner Albayrak, Savan Kharel

In this work, we extend the study of soft limits to (Anti) de Sitter spaces, investigating the analytic structure of holographic gluon correlators as part of a broader effort to reveal new symmetries and fundamental structures in gauge theories. By reorganizing perturbation theory in AdS to align with flat space unitarity, we analyze the contributions intrin

Hiroyuki Yamase

We perform a comprehensive study of charge excitations in a bilayer electron system in the presence of the long-range Coulomb interaction (LRC). Our major point is to derive formulae of the LRC that fully respect the bilayer lattice structure. This is an extension of the LRC obtained by Fetter in the electron-gas model 50 years ago and can now be applicable

Feng Liu, A. Daria Dumitriu-I., Alessandro Principi

We study a two-dimensional topological insulator in the presence of a static non-uniform gravitational field, which mimics the variations in the temperature distribution. We derive an effective boundary free energy functional for the gravitational field and show that, in contrast to the case of massive Dirac fermions, the addition of a Newtonian mass term si

Andy Park, Xiangchong Li, Rachel Mandelbaum

As imaging surveys progress in exploring the large-scale structure of the Universe through the use of weak gravitational lensing, achieving subpercent accuracy in estimating shape distortions caused by lensing, or shear, is imperative for precision cosmology. In this paper, we extend the \texttt{FPFS} shear estimator using fourth-order shapelet moments and c

Haoyu Hu, Yi Jiang, Defa Liu, Yulin Chen

Based on high-throughput screening and experimental data, we find that CeCo$_2$P$_2$ is unique in heavy-fermion materials: it has a Kondo effect at a high temperature which is nonetheless below a Co-antiferromagnetic ordering temperature. This begs the question: how is the Kondo singlet formed? \emph{All} other magnetic Kondo materials do not first form magn

Christoph A. Keller, Ashley Winter Roberts, Jeremy Roberts

We investigate orbifolds of lattice conformal field theories with the goal of constructing theories with large gap. We consider Barnes-Wall lattices, which are a family of lattices with no short vectors, and orbifold by an extraspecial 2-group of lattice automorphisms. To construct the orbifold CFT, we investigate the orbifold vertex operator algebra and its

Raghav G. Jha, Ashley Milsted, Dominik Neuenfeld, John Preskill

We study scattering in Ising Field Theory (IFT) using matrix product states and the time-dependent variational principle. IFT is a one-parameter family of strongly coupled non-integrable quantum field theories in 1+1 dimensions, interpolating between massive free fermion theory and Zamolodchikov's integrable massive $E_8$ theory. Particles in IFT may scatter

Egor Agapov, Oriol Bertomeu, Andrés Carballo, Christian B. Mendl

Strongly correlated materials exhibit complex electronic phenomena that are challenging to capture with traditional theoretical methods, yet understanding these systems is crucial for discovering new quantum materials. Addressing the computational bottlenecks in studying such systems, we present a proof-of-concept machine learning-based approach to accelerat

Ceren B. Dag, Hanzhen Ma, P. Myles Eugenio, Fang Fang

Rydberg atom arrays with Van der Waals interactions provide a controllable path to simulate the locally connected transverse-field Ising model (TFIM), a prototypical model in statistical mechanics. Remotely operating the publicly accessible Aquila Rydberg atom array, we experimentally investigate the physics of TFIM far from equilibrium and uncover significa

Sarah Jährling, Vijay Pal Singh, Ludwig Mathey

We propose to design atomtronic circuits with Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in circuit-like traps that are controlled via mobile barriers. Using classical-field simulations, we demonstrate a universal set of logical gates and show how to assemble them into circuits. We first demonstrate an AND gate based on a T-shaped BEC, utilizing a combination of mobil

Wen-Yuan Ai, Benoit Laurent, Jorinde van de Vis

Determining the bubble wall velocity in first-order phase transitions is a challenging task, requiring the solution of (coupled) equations of motion for the scalar field and Boltzmann equations for the particles in the plasma. The collision terms appearing in the Boltzmann equation present a prominent source of uncertainty as they are often known only at lea

Vasily Kokorev, Hakim Atek, John Chisholm, Ryan Endsley

We report the discovery of two galaxy candidates at redshifts between $15.7<z<16.4$ in JWST observations from the GLIMPSE survey. These robust sources were identified using a combination of Lyman-break selection and photometric redshift estimates. The ultra-deep NIRCam imaging from GLIMPSE, combined with the strong gravitational lensing of the Abell S1063 ga

Liang Ma, Yi Pang, H. Lu

We study the (leading) 4-derivative corrections, including both parity even and odd terms, to electrically-charged Kerr-Newman black holes. The linear perturbative equations are then solved order by order in terms of two dimensionless rotating and charge parameters. The solution allows us to extract the multipole moments of mass and current from the metric a

Yi-Fan Qu, Martino Stefanini, Tao Shi, Tilman Esslinger

Recent experiments with quantum simulators using ultracold atoms and superconducting qubits have demonstrated the potential of controlled dissipation as a versatile tool for realizing correlated many-body states. However, determining the dynamics of dissipative quantum many-body systems remains a significant analytical and numerical challenge. In this work,

Guillaume Payeur, Evan McDonough, Robert Brandenberger

In light of recent observations by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), we study evidence for thawing quintessence over a cosmological constant as dark energy, with emphasis on the effect of the choice of priors. Working with a parametrization for the equation of state parameter motivated by the theory, we analyse the DESI BAO data jointly with P

Zhehan Qin

Cosmological correlators encode rich information about physics at the Hubble scale and may exhibit characteristic oscillatory signals due to the exchange of massive particles. Although many 1-loop processes, especially those that break de Sitter (dS) boosts, can generate significant leading signals for various particle models in cosmological collider physics

M. I. Arnaudova, S. Das, D. J. B. Smith, M. J. Hardcastle

We present a detailed study of the large-scale shock front in Stephan's Quintet, a byproduct of past and ongoing interactions. Using integral-field spectroscopy from the new William Herschel Telescope Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer (WEAVE), recent 144 MHz observations from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), and archival data from the Very Large Array a

Peter B. Denton, Yves Kini

A nearby supernova will carry an unprecedented wealth of information about astrophysics, nuclear physics, and particle physics. Because supernova are fundamentally neutrino driven phenomenon, our knowledge about neutrinos -- particles that remain quite elusive -- will increase dramatically with such a detection. One of the biggest open questions in particle

Jordan Cotler, Kristan Jensen, Stefan Prohazka, Max Riegler

We consider quantum gravity with zero cosmological constant in three dimensions. First, we show that pure quantum gravity can be written as a magnetic Carrollian theory living on null infinity, described by Schwarzian-like degrees of freedom. Next, we couple quantum gravity to massless matter. Transition amplitudes exhibit several features that resemble soft

Zhi-Yan Shao, Jia-Heng Ji, Congjun Wu, Dao-Xin Yao

Recently, high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) is found in the La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$/SrLaAlO$_4$ ultrathin film with critical temperature $T_c$ above the McMillan limit at ambient pressure (AP). It is eager to enhance $T_c$ of La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ at AP. We propose that a perpendicular electric field strongly enhances $T_c$ in the single-bilayer film of La$_3$

Moyang Guo, Yuepeng Hu, Zhengyuan Jiang, Zeyu Li

While text-to-image models offer numerous benefits, they also pose significant societal risks. Detecting AI-generated images is crucial for mitigating these risks. Detection methods can be broadly categorized into passive and watermark-based approaches: passive detectors rely on artifacts present in AI-generated images, whereas watermark-based detectors proa

Rui Tian, Qi Dai, Jianmin Bao, Kai Qiu

Commercial video generation models have exhibited realistic, high-fidelity results but are still restricted to limited access. One crucial obstacle for large-scale applications is the expensive training and inference cost. In this paper, we argue that videos contain significantly more redundant information than images, allowing them to be encoded with very f

Priscilla Holguin Luna, Joseph N. Burchett, Daisuke Nagai, Todd M. Tripp

The intracluster medium (ICM) in the far outskirts (r $>$ 2-3 R$_{200}$) of galaxy clusters interfaces with the intergalactic medium (IGM) and is theorized to comprise diffuse, multiphase gas. This medium may hold vital clues to clusters' thermodynamic evolution and far-reaching impacts on infalling, future cluster galaxies. The diffuse outskirts of clusters

Ziqi Ma, Yisong Yue, Georgia Gkioxari

Why don't we have foundation models in 3D yet? A key limitation is data scarcity. For 3D object part segmentation, existing datasets are small in size and lack diversity. We show that it is possible to break this data barrier by building a data engine powered by 2D foundation models. Our data engine automatically annotates any number of object parts: 1755x m

Gene Chou, Kai Zhang, Sai Bi, Hao Tan

We address the problem of generating videos from unposed internet photos. A handful of input images serve as keyframes, and our model interpolates between them to simulate a path moving between the cameras. Given random images, a model's ability to capture underlying geometry, recognize scene identity, and relate frames in terms of camera position and orient

Shoaib Meraj Sami, Md Mahedi Hasan, Mohammad Saeed Ebrahimi Saadabadi, Jeremy Dawson

While different variants of perceptual losses have been employed in super-resolution literature to synthesize more realistic, appealing, and detailed high-resolution images, most are convolutional neural networks-based, causing information loss during guidance and often relying on complicated architectures and training procedures. We propose an invertible ne

Shirley Kokane, Ming Zhu, Tulika Awalgaonkar, Jianguo Zhang

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is one of the most critical aspects of building a performant compound AI system. Since the output from LLMs propagate to downstream steps, identifying LLM errors is crucial to system performance. A common task for LLMs in AI systems is tool use. While there are several benchmark environments for evaluating LLMs on this

Rushabh Solanki, Elliot Creager

The deployment of AI in consumer products is currently focused on the use of so-called foundation models, large neural networks pre-trained on massive corpora of digital records. This emphasis on scaling up datasets and pre-training computation raises the risk of further consolidating the industry, and enabling monopolistic (or oligopolistic) behavior. Judge

Yimeng Zhang, Tiancheng Zhi, Jing Liu, Shen Sang

The ability to synthesize personalized group photos and specify the positions of each identity offers immense creative potential. While such imagery can be visually appealing, it presents significant challenges for existing technologies. A persistent issue is identity (ID) leakage, where injected facial features interfere with one another, resulting in low f

Andy Li, Aiden Durrant, Milan Markovic, Tianjin Huang

Pruning of deep neural networks has been an effective technique for reducing model size while preserving most of the performance of dense networks, crucial for deploying models on memory and power-constrained devices. While recent sparse learning methods have shown promising performance up to moderate sparsity levels such as 95% and 98%, accuracy quickly det

Mizanur Rahman Jewel, Mohamed Elmahallawy, Sanjay Madria, Samuel Frimpong

Detecting disasters in underground mining, such as explosions and structural damage, has been a persistent challenge over the years. This problem is compounded for first responders, who often have no clear information about the extent or nature of the damage within the mine. The poor-light or even total darkness inside the mines makes rescue efforts incredib

Davide Paglieri, Bartłomiej Cupiał, Samuel Coward, Ulyana Piterbarg

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) possess extensive knowledge and exhibit promising reasoning abilities, however, they still struggle to perform well in complex, dynamic environments. Real-world tasks require handling intricate interactions, advanced spatial reasoning, long-term planning, and continuous exploration of new strateg

Ryan Christ, Ira Hall, David Steinsaltz

Cox and Kartsonaki proposed a simple outlier test for a vector of p-values based on the R\'enyi transformation that is fast for large $p$ and numerically stable for very small p-values -- key properties for large data analysis. We propose and implement a generalization of this procedure we call the R\'enyi Outlier Test (ROT). This procedure maintains the key

Howard Baer, Vernon Barger, Kairui Zhang

The string landscape statistical draw to large scalar soft masses leads to a mixed quasi-degeneracy/decoupling solution to the SUSY flavor and CP problems where first/second generation matter scalars lie in the 20-40 TeV range. With increasing first/second generation scalars, SUSY models actually become more natural due to two-loop RG effects which suppress

Nagabhushan Somraj

Novel view synthesis refers to the problem of synthesizing novel viewpoints of a scene given the images from a few viewpoints. This is a fundamental problem in computer vision and graphics, and enables a vast variety of applications such as meta-verse, free-view watching of events, video gaming, video stabilization and video compression. Recent 3D representa

Federico Zocco, Monica Malvezzi

Nowadays, there is an increasing concern about the unsustainability of the take-make-dispose paradigm upon which traditional production and consumption systems are built. The concept of circular economy is gaining attention as a potential solution, but it is an emerging field still lacking analytical and methodological dynamics approaches. Hence, in this pap

I. N. Mikhailov, A. A. Tuzhilin

In this paper we prove that the Gromov--Hausdorff distance between $\mathbb{R}^n$ and its subset $A$ is finite if and only if $A$ is an $\varepsilon$-net in $\mathbb{R}^n$ for some $\varepsilon>0$. For infinite-dimensional Euclidean spaces this is not true. The proof is essentially based on upper estimate of the Euclidean Gromov--Hausdorff distance by means

Gonzalo Flores

For a domain $\Omega$ in a finite-dimensional space $E$, we consider the space $M=(\Omega,d)$ where $d$ is the intrinsic distance in $\Omega$. We obtain an isometric representation of the space $\mathrm{Lip}_{0}(M)$ as a subspace of $L^{\infty}(\Omega;E^{*})$ and we use this representation in order to obtain the corresponding isometric representation for the

Rodolfo Valiente, Praveen K. Pilly

Metacognition, defined as the awareness and regulation of one's cognitive processes, is central to human adaptability in unknown situations. In contrast, current autonomous agents often struggle in novel environments due to their limited capacity for adaptation. We hypothesize that metacognition is a critical missing ingredient in autonomous agents for the c

Bahri Batuhan Bilecen, Ahmet Berke Gokmen, Furkan Guzelant, Aysegul Dundar

3D head stylization transforms realistic facial features into artistic representations, enhancing user engagement across gaming and virtual reality applications. While 3D-aware generators have made significant advancements, many 3D stylization methods primarily provide near-frontal views and struggle to preserve the unique identities of original subjects, of

Subhasish Das, Satish K Panda, Madhusmita Sethy, Prajna Paramita Giri

The cervix is the narrow end of the uterus that connects to the vagina in the female reproductive system. Abnormal cell growth in the squamous epithelial lining of the cervix leads to cervical cancer in females. A Pap smear is a diagnostic procedure used to detect cervical cancer by gently collecting cells from the surface of the cervix with a small brush an

S. Chapagain, Y. Zhao, T. K. Rohleen, S. M. Hamdi

Individuals who identify as sexual and gender minorities, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others (LGBTQ+) are more likely to experience poorer health than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. One primary source that drives these health disparities is minority stress (i.e., chronic and social stressors unique to LGBTQ+ comm

Heikki Mäntysaari, Jani Penttala, Farid Salazar, Björn Schenke

Within the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory, we assess the importance of including a finite size for the target on observables sensitive to small-$x$ evolution. To this end, we study the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation with impact-parameter dependence in the initial condition. We demonstrate that neglecting the dependence on the impact paramete

Semih Akkurt, Sébastien Lemaire, Paul Bartholomew, Sylvain Laizet

Various numerical methods used for solving partial differential equations (PDE) result in tridiagonal systems. Solving tridiagonal systems on distributed-memory environments is not straightforward, and often requires significant amount of communication. In this article, we present a novel distributed-memory tridiagonal solver algorithm, DistD2-TDS, based on

Amit Kumar Das, Debabrata Biswas

Regulation of gene expression is the consequence of interactions between the promoter of the gene and the transcription factors (TFs). In this paper, we explore the features of a genetic network where the TFs (activators and repressors) bind the promoter in a competitive way. We develop an analytical theory that offers detailed reaction kinetics of the compe

Peter Frame, Aaron Towne

We propose a space-time reduced-order model (ROM) for nonlinear dynamical systems, building upon previous work on linear systems. Whereas most ROMs are space-only in that they reduce only the spatial dimension of the state, the proposed method leverages an efficient encoding of the entire trajectory of the state on the time interval $[0,T]$, enabling signifi

Haritya Shah, Murthy N. Guddati

Motivated by elastography that utilizes tissue mechanical properties as biomarkers for liver disease, with the eventual objective of quantitatively linking histopathology and bulk mechanical properties, we develop a micromechanical modeling approach to capture the effects of fat and collagen deposition in the liver. Specifically, we utilize computational hom

Christoph S. Setescak, Irene Aguilera, Adrian Weindl, Matthias Kronseder

We develop a numerical scheme for the calculation of tunneling current $I$ and differential conductance $\mathsf{d}I/\mathsf{d}V$ of metal and CO-terminated STM tips on the topological insulators $\mathrm{Bi}_2\mathrm{Se}_3$, $\mathrm{Bi}_2\mathrm{Te}_2\mathrm{Se}$ and $\mathrm{Bi}_2\mathrm{Te}_3$ and find excellent agreement with experiment. The calculation

James Willoughby, Irina Voiculescu

Microscopy structure segmentation, such as detecting cells or nuclei, generally requires a human to draw a ground truth contour around each instance. Weakly supervised approaches (e.g. consisting of only single point labels) have the potential to reduce this workload significantly. Our approach uses individual point labels for an entropy estimation to approx

Yogesh Chandola, Chao-Wei Tsai, D. J. Saikia, Guodong Li

Green Peas (GPs) and blueberry galaxies (BBs) are thought to be local analogs ($z<$0.1) of high redshift Ly$\alpha$ emitters. H I study of these can help us understand the star formation in the primordial Universe. In this Letter, we present the results of H I 21 cm study of 28 high specific star formation rate (sSFR $\gtrsim$10$^{-8}$ yr$^{-1}$) BBs at $z\l

Adrian Barquero-Sanchez, Jimmy Calvo-Monge

In this paper we study the density and distribution of CM elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$. In particular, we prove that the natural density of CM elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$, when ordered by naive height, is zero. Furthermore, we analyze the distribution of these curves among the thirteen possible CM orders of class number one. Our results show that

Irmak Sivgin, Sara Fridovich-Keil, Gordon Wetzstein, Mert Pilanci

Volume parameterizations abound in recent literature, from the classic voxel grid to the implicit neural representation and everything in between. While implicit representations have shown impressive capacity and better memory efficiency compared to voxel grids, to date they require training via nonconvex optimization. This nonconvex training process can be

Volodymyr Denysiuk, Ludmila Rybachuk

The method of constructing approximate solutions of the first boundary value problem for linear differential equations based on incomplete (even and odd) trigonometric splines is considered. The theoretical positions are illustrated by numerical examples.

Sandro Donadi, Matteo Fadel

We consider the scenario of a fluctuating spacetime due to a deformed commutation relation with a fluctuating deformation parameter, or to a fluctuating metric tensor. By computing the resulting dynamics and averaging over these fluctuations, we find that a system experiences a decoherence in the momentum basis. We studied the predictions of the model for a

Matt Olechnowicz

We give a formula with explicit error term for the number of $K$-rational points $P$ satisfying $H(f(P)) \le X$ as $X \to \infty$, where $f$ is a nonconstant morphism between projective spaces defined over a number field $K$ and $H$ is the absolute multiplicative Weil height. This yields formulae for the counting functions of $f(\mathbb{P}^m(K))$ with respec

Keshav Kumar, Ravindranath Chowdary

Research papers are well structured documents. They have text, figures, equations, tables etc., to covey their ideas and findings. They are divided into sections like Introduction, Model, Experiments etc., which deal with different aspects of research. Characteristics like these set research papers apart from ordinary documents and allows us to significantly

Jose J. Blanco-Pillado, Alberto García Martín-Caro, Daniel Jiménez-Aguilar, Jose M. Queiruga

We introduce a systematic method to derive the effective action for domain walls directly from the scalar field theory that gives rise to their solitonic solutions. The effective action for the Goldstone mode, which characterizes the soliton's position, is shown to consist of the Nambu-Goto action supplemented by higher-order curvature invariants associated

Shreen Gul, Mohamed Elmahallawy, Sanjay Madria, Ardhendu Tripathy

Machine learning models are increasingly being utilized across various fields and tasks due to their outstanding performance and strong generalization capabilities. Nonetheless, their success hinges on the availability of large volumes of annotated data, the creation of which is often labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive. Many active learning (AL)

Alessandro Tesi, Gopal Ramesh Dahale, Sergei Gleyzer, Kyoungchul Kong

We present a novel hybrid quantum-classical vision transformer architecture incorporating quantum orthogonal neural networks (QONNs) to enhance performance and computational efficiency in high-energy physics applications. Building on advancements in quantum vision transformers, our approach addresses limitations of prior models by leveraging the inherent adv

Stephan Baier, Shameek Paul

We construct a subring as mentioned in the title (hence this subring has Lebesgue measure zero).

Chanseo Lee, Sonu Kumar, Kimon A. Vogt, Sam Meraj

The increasing demand for multilingual capabilities in healthcare underscores the need for AI models adept at processing diverse languages, particularly in clinical documentation and decision-making. Arabic, with its complex morphology, syntax, and diglossia, poses unique challenges for natural language processing (NLP) in medical contexts. This case study e

Xinming Du, Lei Li, Eric Zou

This paper shows a cascading mechanism through which international trade-induced deforestation results in a decline of health outcomes in cities distant from where trade activities occur. We examine Brazil, which has ramped up agricultural export over the last two decades to meet rising global demand. Using a shift-share research design, we first show that e

Mikolaj Kryger, Jonathan F. MacArt

Modeling transition-continuum hypersonic flows poses significant challenges due to thermodynamic nonequilibrium and the associated breakdown of the continuum assumption. Standard continuum models such as the Navier-Stokes equations are inaccurate for these flows, and molecular models can be inefficient due to the large number of computational particles requi

Yulia Galushkina, Eduard Kim, Emin Nugaev, Yakov Shnir

Using effective field theory approach one can describe localization of electromagnetic field on a non-topological soliton. Pursuing this aim we consider the U(1) gauge theory with gauge kinetic coupling to a self-interacting complex neutral Proca field. The model possesses single energy scale given by the vector boson mass. Considering spherically symmetric

Yuan Deng, Amin Karbasi, Vahab Mirrokni, Renato Paes Leme

We study procurement auctions, where an auctioneer seeks to acquire services from strategic sellers with private costs. The quality of services is measured by a submodular function known to the auctioneer. Our goal is to design computationally efficient procurement auctions that (approximately) maximize the difference between the quality of the acquired serv

Gert Aarts, Ouraman Hajizadeh, Biagio Lucini, Chanju Park

During training, weight matrices in machine learning architectures are updated using stochastic gradient descent or variations thereof. In this contribution we employ concepts of random matrix theory to analyse the resulting stochastic matrix dynamics. We first demonstrate that the dynamics can generically be described using Dyson Brownian motion, leading to

K. B. Hidalgo-Castro, L. A. Razo-López, A. M. Martínez-Argüello, J. A. Méndez-Bermúdez

The delay experienced by a probe due to interactions with a scattering media is highly related to the internal dynamics inside that media. This property is well captured by the Wigner delay time and the resonance widths. By the use of the equivalence between the adjacency matrix of a random graph and the tight-binding Hamiltonian of the corresponding electro

Zach Hunter, Aleksa Milojević, Benny Sudakov, István Tomon

We study and solve several problems in two closely related settings: set families in $2^{[n]}$ with many disjoint pairs of sets and low rank matrices with many zero entries. - More than 40 years ago, Daykin and Erd\H{o}s asked for the maximum number of disjoint pairs of sets in a family $F\subseteq 2^{[n]}$ of size $2^{(1/2+\delta)n}$ and conjectured it cont

Kao-Yueh Kuo, Yingkai Ouyang

Erasures are the primary type of errors in physical systems dominated by leakage errors. While quantum error correction (QEC) using stabilizer codes can combat erasure errors, it remains unknown which constructions achieve capacity performance. If such codes exist, decoders with linear runtime in the code length are also desired. In this paper, we present er

Ryan P. Creedon

We investigate the existence of Wilton ripple solutions of the Kawahara equation. Without loss of generality, these are $2\pi$-periodic, traveling-wave solutions whose profiles at zero amplitude have a codimension-1 bifurcation from a linear combination of $\cos(x)$ and $\cos(Kx)$ for $K \in \mathbb{N} \setminus \{1\}$. Using a Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction, we

Noel Csomay-Shanklin, William D. Compton, Aaron D. Ames

The deployment of robotic systems in real world environments requires the ability to quickly produce paths through cluttered, non-convex spaces. These planned trajectories must be both kinematically feasible (i.e., collision free) and dynamically feasible (i.e., satisfy the underlying system dynamics), necessitating a consideration of both the free space and

Noel Csomay-Shanklin, Aaron D. Ames

Control architectures are often implemented in a layered fashion, combining independently designed blocks to achieve complex tasks. Providing guarantees for such hierarchical frameworks requires considering the capabilities and limitations of each layer and their interconnections at design time. To address this holistic design challenge, we introduce the not

Maarten Markering

We study the capacity of loop-erased random walk (LERW) on $\mathbb{Z}^d$. For $d\geq4$, we prove a strong law of large numbers and give explicit expressions for the limit in terms of the non-intersection probabilities of a simple random walk and a two-sided LERW. Along the way, we show that four-dimensional LERW is ergodic. For $d=3$, we show that the scali

Mingyu Jin, Weidi Luo, Sitao Cheng, Xinyi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in handling complex tasks requiring both extensive knowledge and reasoning abilities. However, the existing LLM inference pipeline operates as an opaque process without explicit separation between knowledge retrieval and reasoning steps, making the model's decision-making process unclear and d

Ziqi Huang, Fan Zhang, Xiaojie Xu, Yinan He

Video generation has witnessed significant advancements, yet evaluating these models remains a challenge. A comprehensive evaluation benchmark for video generation is indispensable for two reasons: 1) Existing metrics do not fully align with human perceptions; 2) An ideal evaluation system should provide insights to inform future developments of video genera

Charles P. Boyer, Hongnian Huang, Eveline Legendre, Christina W. Tønnesen-Friedman

We introduce the notions of weighted extremal K{\"a}hler twins together with the related notion of extremal Sasaki twins. In the K\"ahler setting this leads to a generalization of the twinning phenomenon appearing among LeBrun's strongly Hermitian solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell equations on the first Hirzebruch surface \cite{Leb16} to weighted extremal me

Toshihiro Kasuga

We present NEOWISE observations of Jupiter family comet 289P/Blanpain, the parent body of the Phoenicid meteoroid stream. Near-infrared images at 3.4$\mu$m ($W1$) and 4.6$\mu$m ($W2$) were obtained near perihelion on two occasions: UT 2019-10-30 (inbound, heliocentric distance $R_{\rm h}$ = 1.20 au) and UT 2020-01-11/12 (outbound, $R_{\rm h}$ = 1.01 au). To

E. Carretti, F. Vazza, S. P. O'Sullivan, V. Vacca

The measurement of magnetic fields in cosmic web filaments can be used to reveal the magnetogenesis of the Universe. In previous work, we produced first estimates of the field strength and its redshift evolution using the Faraday Rotation Measure (RM) catalogue of extragalactic background sources at low frequency obtained with LOFAR observations. Here we ref

Pablo Ochoa, Ariel Salort

In this article we study different extensions of the celebrated Hopf's boundary lemma within the context of a family of nonlocal, nonlinear and nonstandard growth operators. More precisely, we examine the behavior of solutions of the fractional $a-$Laplacian operator near the boundary of a domain satisfying the interior ball condition. Our approach addresses

Filippo Delzanno, Kaori Fuyuto, Sergi Gonzàlez-Solís, Emanuele Mereghetti

We study current experimental bounds on charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) $\mu$-$e$ interactions in the model-independent framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Assuming a generic flavor structure in the quark sector, we consider the contributions of CLFV operators to low-energy observables, including $\mu\to e\gamma$ and $\mu\t

Farrukh A. Chishtie, Dominique Brunet, Rachel H. White, Daniel Michelson

Heatwaves, prolonged periods of extreme heat, have intensified in frequency and severity due to climate change, posing substantial risks to public health, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Despite advancements in Machine Learning (ML) modeling, accurate heatwave forecasting at weather scales (1--15 days) remains challenging due to the non-linear interactions b

Mrzieh VatandoustMohammadieh, Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri, Ali Keramati, Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

The disparity in access to quality education is significant, both between developed and developing countries and within nations, regardless of their economic status. Socioeconomic barriers and rapid changes in the job market further intensify this issue, highlighting the need for innovative solutions that can deliver quality education at scale and low cost.

Martin Fally

Based on the seminal work by John T. Sheridan [1] we discuss the usefulness and validity of simple diffraction theories frequently used to determine and characterize optical holographic gratings. Experimental investigations obtained in recent years highlight the correctness of his analysis which favours an alternative approach over the most widely used Kogel

Alberto Mariotti, Xander Nagels, Aäron Rase, Miguel Vanvlasselaer

Axionic domain walls, as they move through the early universe plasma during their collapse, can generate a net baryon and lepton number through the mechanism of spontaneous baryogenesis, provided that there is a coupling between the axion and the lepton or baryon current. In this paper, we study systematically the baryon asymmetry produced by these domain wa

Emmanuel Abbe, Colin Sandon, Vladyslav Shashkov, Maryna Viazovska

In 1948, Shannon used a probabilistic argument to show the existence of codes achieving a maximal rate defined by the channel capacity. In 1954, Muller and Reed introduced a simple deterministic code construction based on polynomial evaluations, which was conjectured and eventually proven to achieve capacity. Meanwhile, polarization theory emerged as an anal

Jeongbin Park, Marco Mangano, Sabet Seraj, Bernardo Pacini

Ducted hydrokinetic turbines enhance energy-harvesting efficiency by better conditioning the flow to the blades, which may yield higher power output than conventional freestream turbines for the same reference area. In this work, we present a ducted hydrokinetic turbine design obtained by simultaneously optimizing the duct, blade, and hub geometries. Our opt

Muhammad Sharif, Zeeshan Abbas, Jiangyan Yi, Chenglin Liu

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, revolutionizing human-computer interactions. While major languages have benefited from these developments, lesser-resourced languages like Urdu face unique challenges. This paper provides an extensive exploration of the dynamic landscape of ASR research, foc

José Cunha Teixeira, Ludovic Bodet, Agnès Rivière, Santiago G. Solazzi

Effective structural assessment of urban infrastructure is essential for sustainable land use and resilience to climate change and natural hazards. Seismic wave methods are widely applied in these areas for subsurface characterization and monitoring, yet they often rely on time-consuming inversion techniques that fall short in delivering comprehensive geolog

Yasmine Mustafa, Mohamed Elmahallawy, Tie Luo

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and results in detrimental structural changes in human brains. Detecting these changes is crucial for early diagnosis and timely intervention of disease progression. Jacobian maps, derived from spatial normalization in voxel-based morphometry (VBM), have been instrumental in interpret

Allen R Murray, Paul C Duffell

We investigate observations of circumbinary disks (CBD), to find evidence for an equilibrium eccentricity predicted by current binary accretion theory. Although stellar binary demographics in the Milky Way show no evidence for a preferred eccentricity for binary systems, we show that actively accreting systems lie on a predicted equilibrium eccentricity curv