December 2024 arXiv papers — page 188

Bingsheng Chen, Dakota Murray, Yixuan Liu, Albert-László Barabási

Critique between peers plays a vital role in the production of scientific knowledge. Yet, there is limited empirical evidence on the origins of criticism, its effects on the papers and individuals involved, and its visibility within the scientific literature. Here, we address these gaps through a data-driven analysis of papers that received substantiated and

Raphael Ruschel, Md Awsafur Rahman, Hardik Prajapati, Suya You

Understanding video content is pivotal for advancing real-world applications like activity recognition, autonomous systems, and human-computer interaction. While scene graphs are adept at capturing spatial relationships between objects in individual frames, extending these representations to capture dynamic interactions across video sequences remains a signi

Ruikun Zhou, Yiming Meng, Zhexuan Zeng, Jun Liu

Koopman operator theory has gained significant attention in recent years for identifying discrete-time nonlinear systems by embedding them into an infinite-dimensional linear vector space. However, providing stability guarantees while learning the continuous-time dynamics, especially under conditions of relatively low observation frequency, remains a challen

Andrew Charbonneau, Katherine Deck, Tapio Schneider

This paper presents a physics-constrained neural differential equation framework for parameterization, and employs it to model the time evolution of seasonal snow depth given hydrometeorological forcings. When trained on data from multiple SNOTEL sites, the parameterization predicts daily snow depth with under 9% median error and Nash Sutcliffe Efficiencies

Xiang Liu, Ran Liu, Jingyan Li, Rongling Wu

Graphs serve as powerful tools for modeling pairwise interactions in diverse fields such as biology, material science, and social networks. However, they inherently overlook interactions involving more than two entities. Simplicial complexes and hypergraphs have emerged as prominent frameworks for modeling many-body interactions; nevertheless, they exhibit l

Payal Kamboj, Ayan Banerjee, Sandeep K. S. Gupta

In domains such as biomedical, expert insights are crucial for selecting the most informative modalities for artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies. However, using all available modalities poses challenges, particularly in determining the impact of each modality on performance and optimizing their combinations for accurate classification. Traditional app

Sara L. Ellison, Leonardo Ferreira, Robert Bickley, Tess Grindlay

Galaxy mergers have been shown to trigger AGN in the nearby universe, but the timescale over which this process happens remains unconstrained. The Multi-Model Merger Identifier (MUMMI) machine vision pipeline has been demonstrated to provide reliable predictions of time post-merger (T_PM) for galaxies selected from the Ultraviolet Near Infrared and Optical N

Abdurrahman Zeybey, Mehmet Ergezer, Tommy Nguyen

3D Gaussian Splatting has advanced radiance field reconstruction, enabling high-quality view synthesis and fast rendering in 3D modeling. While adversarial attacks on object detection models are well-studied for 2D images, their impact on 3D models remains underexplored. This work introduces the Masked Iterative Fast Gradient Sign Method (M-IFGSM), designed

María Victoria Carro

Sycophancy refers to the tendency of a large language model to align its outputs with the user's perceived preferences, beliefs, or opinions, in order to look favorable, regardless of whether those statements are factually correct. This behavior can lead to undesirable consequences, such as reinforcing discriminatory biases or amplifying misinformation. Give

Jingyuan Yi, Peiyang Yu, Tianyi Huang, Zeqiu Xu

Aiming at the latest particle swarm optimization algorithm, this paper proposes an improved Transformer model to improve the accuracy of heart disease prediction and provide a new algorithm idea. We first use three mainstream machine learning classification algorithms - decision tree, random forest and XGBoost, and then output the confusion matrix of these t

K. L. Collins, M. Bowie, N. B. Fox, B. Freyberg

A coloring of the vertex set of a graph using the colors red and blue is a closed neighborhood balanced coloring if for each vertex there are an equal number of red and blue vertices in its closed neighborhood. A graph with such a coloring is called a CNBC graph. Freyberg and Marr studied the related class of NBC graphs where closed neighborhood is replaced

Pierre-Olivier Goffard, Stéphane Loisel

This paper introduces a blockchain-based insurance scheme that integrates parametric and collaborative elements. A pool of investors, referred to as surplus providers, locks funds in a smart contract, enabling blockchain users to underwrite parametric insurance contracts. These contracts automatically trigger compensation when predefined conditions are met.

Jinyang Liu, Pu Jiao, Kai Zhao, Xin Liang

Error-bounded lossy compression has been widely adopted in many scientific domains because it can address the challenges in storing, transferring, and analyzing unprecedented amounts of scientific data. Although error-bounded lossy compression offers general data distortion control by enforcing strict error bounds on raw data, it may fail to meet the quality

A. Gasnikov, V. Temlyakov

Recently, there was a substantial progress in the problem of sampling recovery on function classes with mixed smoothness. Mostly, it has been done by proving new and sometimes optimal upper bounds for both linear sampling recovery and for nonlinear sampling recovery. In this paper we address the problem of lower bounds for the optimal rates of nonlinear samp

Miklós Z. Rácz, Jifan Zhang

We study the problem of learning latent community structure from multiple correlated networks, focusing on edge-correlated stochastic block models with two balanced communities. Recent work of Gaudio, R\'acz, and Sridhar (COLT 2022) determined the precise information-theoretic threshold for exact community recovery using two correlated graphs; in particular,

Zijiao Yang, Xiangxi Shi, Eric Slyman, Stefan Lee

Assistive embodied agents that can be instructed in natural language to perform tasks in open-world environments have the potential to significantly impact labor tasks like manufacturing or in-home care -- benefiting the lives of those who come to depend on them. In this work, we consider how this benefit might be hijacked by local modifications in the appea

R. Michael Jennings, Alaina Henry, Valentin Mauerhofer, Timothy Heckman

Ultraviolet absorption line spectroscopy is a sensitive diagnostic for the properties of interstellar and circumgalactic gas. Down-the-barrel observations, where the absorption is measured against the galaxy itself, are commonly used to study feedback from galactic outflows and to make predictions about the leakage of HI ionizing photons into the intergalact

Tamas Almos Vami

Long-lived charged particles are predicted by various theories beyond the Standard Model, leading to unique signatures that could reveal new physics. At the LHC, the CMS detector enables searches for these massive particles, identifiable by their characteristic ionization patterns. Using data collected during 2017-2018, we search for signals of anomalous ion

Jérémy Besson, José Luis Jaramillo

We study quasinormal mode expansions by adopting a Keldysh scheme for the spectral construction of asymptotic resonant expansions. Quasinormal modes are first cast in terms of a non-selfadjoint problem by adopting, in a black hole perturbation setting, a spacetime hyperboloidal approach. Then the Keldysh expansion of the resolvent, built on bi-orthogonal sys

Alex Depoutovitch, Chong Chen, Jin Chen, Paul Larson

Using cloud Database as a Service (DBaaS) offerings instead of on-premise deployments is increasingly common. Key advantages include improved availability and scalability at a lower cost than on-premise alternatives. In this paper, we describe the design of Taurus, a new multi-tenant cloud database system. Taurus separates the compute and storage layers in a

Runbing Zheng, Minh Tang

Motivated by the increasing demand for multi-source data integration in various scientific fields, in this paper we study matrix completion in scenarios where the data exhibits certain block-wise missing structures -- specifically, where only a few noisy submatrices representing (overlapping) parts of the full matrix are available. We propose the Chain-linke

Abdennour Boulesnane, Abdelhakim Souilah

The emergence of LLMs, like ChatGPT and Gemini, has marked the modern era of artificial intelligence applications characterized by high-impact applications generating text, images, and videos. However, these models usually ensue with one critical challenge called hallucination: confident presentation of inaccurate or fabricated information. This problem attr

Genevieve Caumartin, Qiaolin Qin, Sharon Chatragadda, Janmitsinh Panjrolia

Code reviews are an integral part of software development and have been recognized as a crucial practice for minimizing bugs and favouring higher code quality. They serve as an important checkpoint before committing code and play an essential role in knowledge transfer between developers. However, code reviews can be time-consuming and can stale the developm

Tilahun Abedissa Taffa, Debayan Banerjee, Yaregal Assabie, Ricardo Usbeck

Existing Scholarly Question Answering (QA) methods typically target homogeneous data sources, relying solely on either text or Knowledge Graphs (KGs). However, scholarly information often spans heterogeneous sources, necessitating the development of QA systems that integrate information from multiple heterogeneous data sources. To address this challenge, we

Elisabeth Bullock, Yuhan Jiang

Alcoved polytopes are convex polytopes, which are the closure of a union of alcoves in an affine Coxeter arrangement. They are rational polytopes and, therefore, have Ehrhart quasipolynomials. Here we describe a method for computing the generating function of the Ehrhart quasipolynomial, or Ehrhart series, of any alcoved polytope via a particular shelling or

Yazeed Alabdulkarim, Khalid Alruwayti, Hamad Alsaleh, Sultan Alfallaj

The demand for computing education increases due to the rapid development of technology and its involvement in most daily activities. Academic institutes offer a variety of computing majors, such as Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Information Systems, Information Technology, Software Engineering, Cybersecurity, and Data Science. Since a major objecti

Gregory Patellis, Nicholas Tracas, George Zoupanos

In the present study, the unification of the Conformal and Fuzzy Gravities with the Internal Interactions is based on the observation that the tangent space of a curved space and the space itself do not have necessarily the same dimensions. Moreover, the construction is based on the fact that the gravitational theories can be formulated in a gauge-theoretica

Leandro Esteves, André Izidoro, Othon C. Winter

The origins of Uranus and Neptune are not fully understood. Their inclined rotation axes -- obliquities -- suggest that they experienced giant impacts during their formation histories. Simulations modeling their accretion from giant impacts among ~5 Earth masses planetary embryos -- with roughly unity impactors' mass ratios -- have been able to broadly match

Nabin Khanal, Chun Meng Yu, Jui-Cheng Chiu, Anav Chaudhary

We introduce FathomGPT, an open source system for the interactive investigation of ocean science data via a natural language interface. FathomGPT was developed in close collaboration with marine scientists to enable researchers to explore and analyze the FathomNet image database. FathomGPT provides a custom information retrieval pipeline that leverages OpenA

Matyas Barczy, Zsolt Páles

We investigate the monotone representation and measurability of generalized $ψ$-estimators introduced by the authors in 2022. Our first main result, applying the unique existence of a generalized $ψ$-estimator, allows us to construct this estimator in terms of a function $ψ$, which is decreasing in its second variable. We then interpret this result as a brid

Megan Schoenzeit, Chang Shu, Kai Zhang, Kai Sun

Topological semimetals exhibit protected band crossings in momentum space, accompanied by corresponding surface states. Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians introduce geometry-sensitive features that dissolve this bulk-boundary correspondence principle. In this paper, we exemplify this phenomenon by investigating a non-Hermitian 2D stacked SSH chain model with non-rec

Yury Demidovich, Petr Ostroukhov, Grigory Malinovsky, Samuel Horváth

Non-convex Machine Learning problems typically do not adhere to the standard smoothness assumption. Based on empirical findings, Zhang et al. (2020b) proposed a more realistic generalized $(L_0, L_1)$-smoothness assumption, though it remains largely unexplored. Many existing algorithms designed for standard smooth problems need to be revised. However, in the

Rajat Shinde, Christopher E. Phillips, Kumar Ankur, Aman Gupta

High-quality machine learning (ML)-ready datasets play a foundational role in developing new artificial intelligence (AI) models or fine-tuning existing models for scientific applications such as weather and climate analysis. Unfortunately, despite the growing development of new deep learning models for weather and climate, there is a scarcity of curated, pr

Nanyang Ye, Qiao Sun, Yifei Wang, Liujia Yang

Analog computing using non-volatile memristors has emerged as a promising solution for energy-efficient deep learning. New materials, like perovskites-based memristors are recently attractive due to their cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency and flexibility. Yet, challenges in material diversity and immature fabrications require extensive experimentation fo

Rowan Hess, Lionel Levine

Given conflicting probability estimates for a set of events, how can we quantify how much they conflict? How can we find a single probability distribution that best encapsulates the given estimates? One approach is to minimize a loss function such as binary KL-divergence that quantifies the dissimilarity between the given estimates and the candidate probabil

Rustem Turtayev, Artem Petrov, Dmitrii Volkov, Denis Volk

We saturate a high-school-level hacking benchmark with plain LLM agent design. Concretely, we obtain 95% performance on InterCode-CTF, a popular offensive security benchmark, using prompting, tool use, and multiple attempts. This beats prior work by Phuong et al. 2024 (29%) and Abramovich et al. 2024 (72%). Our results suggest that current LLMs have surpasse

H. Toprak Kesgin, M. Kaan Yuce, Eren Dogan, M. Egemen Uzun

In this study, we develop and assess new corpus selection and training methodologies to improve the effectiveness of Turkish language models. Specifically, we adapted Large Language Model generated datasets and translated English datasets into Turkish, integrating these resources into the training process. This approach led to substantial enhancements in mod

Daniya Davis, Parameshwaran A, Bhaskar Sen Gupta

We employ molecular dynamics simulation to study the phase separation and rheological properties of a three-dimensional binary liquid mixture with hydrodynamics undergoing simple shear deformation. The impact of shear intensity on domain growth is investigated, with a focus on how shear primarily distorts the domains, leading to the formation of anisotropic

Julianne Chung, Scot M. Miller, Malena Sabate Landman, Arvind K. Saibaba

In Bayesian inverse problems, it is common to consider several hyperparameters that define the prior and the noise model that must be estimated from the data. In particular, we are interested in linear inverse problems with additive Gaussian noise and Gaussian priors defined using Mat\'{e}rn covariance models. In this case, we estimate the hyperparameters us

D. S. Shirokov

In this paper, we present a method for calculation of spin groups elements for known pseudo-orthogonal group elements with respect to the corresponding two-sheeted coverings. We present our results using the Clifford algebra formalism in the case of arbitrary dimension and signature, and then explicitly using matrices, quaternions, and split-quaternions in t

Ozan Alp Topal, Özlem Tuğfe Demir, Emil Björnson, Cicek Cavdar

Cell-free massive MIMO improves the fairness among the user equipments (UEs) in the network by distributing many cooperating access points (APs) around the region while connecting them to a centralized cloud-computing unit that coordinates joint transmission/reception. However, the fiber cable deployment for the fronthaul transport network and activating all

Ke Ou, Victor M. Perez-Ramirez, Sida Cao, Caleb Redshaw

This letter presents a spatial filter based on saturated absorption in gas as a replacement for the solid pinhole in a lens-pinhole-lens filtering system. We show that an ultraviolet laser pulse focused through ozone will have its spatial profile cleaned if its peak fluence rises above the ozone saturation fluence. Specifically, we demonstrate that a 5 ns 26

Romy Rodriguez Martinez, Jason D. Eastman, Karen Collins, Joseph Rodriguez

We present the detection and characterization of TOI-4994b (TIC 277128619b), a warm Saturn-sized planet discovered by the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TOI-4994b transits a G-type star (V = 12.6 mag) with a mass, radius, and effective temperature of $M_{\star} =1.005^{+0.064}_{-0.061} M_{\odot}$, $R_{\star} = 1.055^{+0.040}_{-0.037} R_{\

Khashayar Ghanizadegan, Hashim A. Hashim

This paper investigates the orientation, position, and linear velocity estimation problem of a rigid-body moving in three-dimensional (3D) space with six degrees-of-freedom (6 DoF). The highly nonlinear navigation kinematics are formulated to ensure global representation of the navigation problem. A computationally efficient Quaternion-based Navigation Unsce

Javier Alejo, Antonio F. Galvao, Julian Martinez-Iriarte, Gabriel Montes-Rojas

Linear regressions with endogeneity are widely used to estimate causal effects. This paper studies a framework that involves two common practical issues: endogeneity of the regressors and heteroskedasticity that depends on endogenous regressors, i.e., endogenous heteroskedasticity. To address the inconsistency of the two-stage least squares estimator in this

Devontae C. Baxter, Sean P. Fillingham, Alison L. Coil, Michael C. Cooper

We present results from a Keck/DEIMOS survey to study satellite quenching in group environments at $z \sim 0.8$ within the Extended Groth Strip (EGS). We target $11$ groups in the EGS with extended X-ray emission. We obtain high-quality spectroscopic redshifts for group member candidates, extending to depths over an order of magnitude fainter than existing D

Jurgen Nicklisch-Franken, Ruslan Feizerakhmanov

The Massimult project aims to design and implement an innovative CPU architecture based on combinator reduction with a novel combinator base and a new abstract machine. The evaluation of programs within this architecture is inherently highly parallel and localized, allowing for faster computation, reduced energy consumption, improved scalability, enhanced re

Timur Galimzyanov, Sergey Titov, Yaroslav Golubev, Egor Bogomolov

This paper introduces the human-curated PandasPlotBench dataset, designed to evaluate language models' effectiveness as assistants in visual data exploration. Our benchmark focuses on generating code for visualizing tabular data - such as a Pandas DataFrame - based on natural language instructions, complementing current evaluation tools and expanding their s

Muhammad A. Latif, Sadegh Khochfar

Recent James Webb Space Telescope observations have unveiled that the first supermassive black holes (SMBHs) were in place at z $\geq$ 10, a few hundred Myrs after the Big Bang. These discoveries are providing strong constraints on the seeding of BHs and the nature of the first objects in the Universe. Here, we study the impact of the freeze-out electron fra

Gyula Csató, Albert Mas

We discuss the H\"older regularity of solutions to the semilinear equation involving the fractional Laplacian $(-\Delta)^s u=f(u)$ in one dimension. We put in evidence a new regularity phenomenon which is a combined effect of the nonlocality and the semilinearity of the equation, since it does not happen neither for local semilinear equations, nor for nonloc

S. Sartori, P. Vielzeuf, S. Escoffier, M. C. Cousinou

The cross-correlation of cosmic voids with the lensing convergence ($\kappa$) map of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) fluctuations provides a powerful tool to refine our understanding of the cosmological model. However, several studies have reported a moderate tension between the lensing imprint of cosmic voids on the observed CMB and the simulated $\ma

Ahmed Zeer, Eren Dogan, Yusuf Erdem, Elif Ince

In this study, a Turkish visual instruction model was developed and various model architectures and dataset combinations were analysed to improve the performance of this model. The Cosmos-LLaVA model, which is built by combining different large language models and image coders, is designed to overcome the deficiencies in the Turkish language. In the experime

Zhaozhi Wang, Conghu Li, Qixiang Ye, Tong Zhang

Most parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods rely on low-rank representations to adapt models. However, these approaches often oversimplify representations, particularly when the underlying data has high-rank or high-frequency components. This limitation hinders the model's ability to capture complex data interactions effectively. In this paper, we pr

Guido Carnevale, Nicola Mimmo, Giuseppe Notarstefano

In this paper, we address Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problems through a novel iterative algorithm named EXtremum-seeking Policy iteration LQR (EXP-LQR). The peculiarity of EXP-LQR is that it only needs access to a truncated approximation of the infinite-horizon cost associated to a given policy. Hence, EXP-LQR does not need the direct knowledge of neit

Daniel Gilman, Jo Bovy, Neige Frankel, Andrew Benson

Gaia has revealed a clear signal of disequilibrium in the solar neighborhood in the form of a spiral (or snail) feature in the vertical phase-space distribution. We investigate the possibility that this structure emerges from ongoing perturbations by dark $\left(10^{6} M_{\odot} - 10^8 M_{\odot}\right)$ Galactic subhalos. We develop a probabilistic model for

Eirini Batziou, Robert Glas, H. -Thomas Janka, Jakob Ehring

Accretion-induced collapse (AIC) or merger-induced collapse (MIC) of white dwarfs (WDs) in binary systems is an interesting path to neutron star (NS) and magnetar formation, alternative to stellar core collapse and NS mergers. Such events could add a population of compact remnants in globular clusters, they are expected to produce yet unidentified electromag

Massimiliano Spadafora, Manar Naeem, María R. Preciado-Rivas, Robert B. Mann

We consider the transition rate of a freely falling Unruh-DeWitt detector, coupled linearly to a massless scalar quantum field prepared in the Hartle-Hawking-Israel state, as a probe of the interior of a black hole. Specifically, we consider the transition rate of a detector in the spinless Ba\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole as it freely falls tow

Ricard Puig, Pavel Sekatski, Paolo Andrea Erdman, Paolo Abiuso

We consider the estimation of an unknown parameter $\theta$ via a many-body probe. The probe is initially prepared in a product state and many-body time-independent interactions enhance its $\theta$-sensitivity during the dynamics and/or in the steady state. We present bounds on the Quantum Fisher Information, and corresponding optimal interacting Hamiltonia

Pavlo Sukhachov, Niels Henrik Aase, Kristian Mæland, Asle Sudbø

Quantum geometry provides important information about the structure and topology of quantum states in various forms of quantum matter. The information contained therein has profound effects on observable quantities such as superconducting weight, Drude weight, and optical responses. Motivated by the recent advances in flat-band interacting systems, we invest

Aleksey Generozov, Hagai B. Perets, Matteo S. Bordoni, Guillaume Bourdarot

This paper investigates the origin and orbital evolution of S stars in the Galactic center using models of binary disruption and relaxation processes. We focus on explaining the recently discovered ``zone of avoidance'' in S-star orbital parameters, defined as a region where no S stars are observed with pericenters of $\log(r_p / {\rm AU}) \leq 1.57 + 2.6(1

S. Zamora, Giacomo Venturi, Stefano Carniani, Elena Bertola

Distant quasars (QSOs) in galaxy overdensities are considered key actors in the evolution of the early Universe. In this work, we studied the kinematic and physical properties of the BR1202-0725 system at z=4.7, one of the most overdense fields known in the early Universe, consisting of a QSO, a submillimeter galaxy (SMG), and three Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters.

Jakob Ehring, Sajad Abbar, H. -Thomas Janka, Georg Raffelt

We present a novel multi-messenger approach for probing nonstandard neutrino properties through the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from collapsing stellar cores and associated supernova explosions. We show that neutrino flavor conversion inside the proto-neutron star (PNS), motivated by physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM), can significantly boost

Sven Põder, Joosep Pata, María Benito, Isaac Alonso Asensio

Due to poor observational constraints on the low-mass end of the subhalo mass function, the detection of dark matter (DM) subhalos on sub-galactic scales would provide valuable information about the nature of DM. Stellar wakes, induced by passing DM subhalos, encode information about the mass of the inducing perturber and thus serve as an indirect probe for

Benjamin Moy, Eduardo Fradkin

We investigate the interplay of generalized global symmetries in 2+1 dimensions in a lattice model that couples a $\mathbb{Z}_N$ clock model to a $\mathbb{Z}_N$ gauge theory via a topological interaction. This coupling binds the charges of one symmetry to the disorder operators of the other, and when these composite objects condense, they give rise to emerge

Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Georg G. Raffelt

Dense neutrino gases can exhibit collective flavor instabilities, triggering large flavor conversions that are driven primarily by neutrino-neutrino refraction. One broadly distinguishes between fast instabilities that exist in the limit of vanishing neutrino masses, and slow ones, that require neutrino mass splittings. In a related series of papers, we have

Célestin Herbé-George, J. P. Mckean, Raffaella Morganti, Jack F. Radcliffe

The high angular resolution and sensitivity of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) offer a unique tool to identify and study active galactic nuclei and star-formation activity over cosmic time. However, despite recent technical advances, such as multiple phase centre correlation, VLBI surveys have thus far been limited to either a few well-studied deep-

Raul Perea-Causin, Hui Liu, Emil J. Bergholtz

The realization of fractional Chern insulators in moir\'e materials has sparked the search for further novel phases of matter in this platform. In particular, recent works have demonstrated the possibility of realizing quantum anomalous Hall crystals (QAHCs), which combine the zero-field quantum Hall effect with spontaneously broken discrete translation symm

Laurent Eyer

At the core of the Gaia mission is a multi-epoch survey consisting of astrometric, photometric, spectrophotometric, and spectroscopic measurements. The astrometric time series provides parallaxes and proper motions, along with information on astrometric binary systems. The photometric time series offers a means to investigate the variability of the sources.

Rory Barnes, Laura N. R. do Amaral, Jessica Birky, Ludmila Carone

We present numerous aspects of the evolution of the LP 890-9 (SPECULOOS-2/TOI-4306) planetary system, focusing on the likelihood that planet c can support life. We find that the host star reaches the main sequence in 1 Gyr and that planet c lies close to the inner boundary of the habitable zone. We find the magma ocean stage can last up to 50 Myr, remove 8 E

Pablo Bueno, Pablo A. Cano, Robie A. Hennigar, Ángel J. Murcia

We study dynamical gravitational collapse in a theory with an infinite tower of higher-derivative corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action and we show that, under very general conditions, it leads to the formation of regular black holes. Our results are facilitated by the use of a class of theories that possess second-order equations on spherically symmetr

Matthias R. Gaberdiel, Dennis Kempel, Beat Nairz

The AdS$_3\times$S$^3$ excitations of string theory on AdS$_3\times$S$^3\times \mathbb{T}^4$ are identified with certain collective modes in the dual symmetric orbifold. Our identification follows from a careful study of the conformal eigenstates in the perturbed orbifold theory. We find that, in addition to the fractional torus modes (that correspond to the

Pablo Bueno, Pablo A. Cano, Robie A. Hennigar, Ángel J. Murcia

We establish that regular black holes can form from gravitational collapse. Our model builds on a recent construction that realized regular black holes as exact solutions to purely gravitational theories that incorporate an infinite tower of higher curvature corrections in any dimension $D \ge 5$ [arXiv:2403.04827]. We identify a two-dimensional Horndeski th

Daniel Green, Guanhao Sun

The predictions of inflation are usually defined in terms of equal time in-in correlation functions in an accelerating cosmological background. These same observables exist for quantum field theory in other spacetimes, including flat space. In this paper, we will explore how the Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) and effective field theory (EFT) apply to t

Csaba Csáki, Steven Ferrante, Ameen Ismail

We calculate energy correlators in a general holographic model of confinement, involving an asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) warped extra dimension. Building on a recent computation in a minimal hard-wall model of confinement, we show that the shockwave method for efficiently computing energy correlators in AdS generalizes to an arbitrary warped geometry.

F. Hammer, Y. B. Yang, P. Amram, L. Chemin

Mass estimates of a spiral galaxy derived from its rotation curve must account for the galaxy's past accretion history. There are several lines of evidence indicating that M31 experienced a major merger 2 to 3 Gyr ago. Here, we have generated a dynamical model of M31 as a merger remnant that reproduces most of its properties, from the central bar to the outs

Jeger C. Broxterman, Matthieu Schaller, Henk Hoekstra, Joop Schaye

Weak gravitational lensing (WL) convergence peaks contain valuable cosmological information in the regime of non-linear collapse. Using the FLAMINGO suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, we study the physical origin and redshift distributions of the objects generating WL peaks selected from a WL convergence map mimicking a $\textit{Euclid}$ signa

Daniel Geng, Charles Herrmann, Junhwa Hur, Forrester Cole

Motion control is crucial for generating expressive and compelling video content; however, most existing video generation models rely mainly on text prompts for control, which struggle to capture the nuances of dynamic actions and temporal compositions. To this end, we train a video generation model conditioned on spatio-temporally sparse or dense motion tra

Wenbo Wang, Fangyun Wei, Lei Zhou, Xi Chen

We introduce UniGraspTransformer, a universal Transformer-based network for dexterous robotic grasping that simplifies training while enhancing scalability and performance. Unlike prior methods such as UniDexGrasp++, which require complex, multi-step training pipelines, UniGraspTransformer follows a streamlined process: first, dedicated policy networks are t

Abdulkader Saoud, Mahmut Alomeyr, Himmet Toprak Kesgin, Mehmet Fatih Amasyali

This paper investigates the effectiveness of BERT based models for automated punctuation and capitalization corrections in Turkish texts across five distinct model sizes. The models are designated as Tiny, Mini, Small, Medium, and Base. The design and capabilities of each model are tailored to address the specific challenges of the Turkish language, with a f

Katya Gozman, Eric F. Bell, In Sung Jang, Jose Marco Arias

In the last decade, we have been able to probe further down the galaxy luminosity function than ever before and expand into the regime of ultra-faint dwarfs (UFDs), which are some of the best probes we have of small-scale cosmology and galaxy formation. Digital sky surveys have enabled the discovery and study of these incredibly low-mass, highly dark-matter

F. B. M. dos Santos, G. Rodrigues, R. de Souza, J. S. Alcaniz

We report forecast constraints on warm inflation in the light of future cosmic microwave background (CMB) surveys, with data expected to be available in the coming decade. These observations could finally give us the missing information necessary to unveil the production of gravitational waves during inflation, reflected by the detection of a non-zero tensor

Medha Pappula, Syed Muhammad Anwar

This paper introduces an innovative approach to Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis by employing deep learning (DL) techniques on electroencephalography (EEG) signals. This method addresses the limitations of current behavior-based diagnostic methods, which often lead to misdiagnosis and gender bias. By utilizing a publicly available EE

Aomawa L. Shields, Eric T. Wolf, Eric Agol, Pier-Emmanuel Tremblay

Discoveries of giant planet candidates orbiting white dwarf stars and the demonstrated capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope bring the possibility of detecting rocky planets in the habitable zones of white dwarfs into pertinent focus. We present simulations of an aqua planet with an Earth-like atmospheric composition and incident stellar insolation

Zhiyuan Xu, Yinhe Chen, Huan-ang Gao, Weiyan Zhao

Visual anagrams are images that change appearance upon transformation, like flipping or rotation. With the advent of diffusion models, generating such optical illusions can be achieved by averaging noise across multiple views during the reverse denoising process. However, we observe two critical failure modes in this approach: (i) concept segregation, where

Fengyuan Shi, Zhuoyan Luo, Yixiao Ge, Yujiu Yang

Existing vector quantization (VQ) methods struggle with scalability, largely attributed to the instability of the codebook that undergoes partial updates during training. The codebook is prone to collapse as utilization decreases, due to the progressively widening distribution gap between non-activated codes and visual features. To solve the problem, we prop

Elizabeth Pratt, Kristian Ranestad

We study the conditions under which a subvariety of the Grassmannian may be recovered from certain of its linear projections. In the special case that our Grassmannian is projective space, this is equivalent to asking when a variety can be recovered from its Chow form; the answer is "always" by work of Chow in 1937. In the general Grassmannian setting, the a

Kefan Chen, Chaerin Min, Linguang Zhang, Shreyas Hampali

Despite remarkable progress in image generation models, generating realistic hands remains a persistent challenge due to their complex articulation, varying viewpoints, and frequent occlusions. We present FoundHand, a large-scale domain-specific diffusion model for synthesizing single and dual hand images. To train our model, we introduce FoundHand-10M, a la

Yupeng Zheng, Pengxuan Yang, Zhongpu Xia, Qichao Zhang

The end-to-end autonomous driving paradigm has recently attracted lots of attention due to its scalability. However, existing methods are constrained by the limited scale of real-world data, which hinders a comprehensive exploration of the scaling laws associated with end-to-end autonomous driving. To address this issue, we collected substantial data from va

Francesco Salvestrini, Chiara Feruglio, Roberta Tripodi, Fabio Fontanot

Observational campaigns hunting the elusive reservoirs of cold gas in the host galaxies of quasars at the epoch of reionization (EoR) are crucial for studying the formation and evolution of the first massive systems at early epochs. We present new Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) observations tracing CO(6--5) and CO(7--6) emission lines as well as

Viet Nguyen, Anh Nguyen, Trung Dao, Khoi Nguyen

The escalating demand for real-time image synthesis has driven significant advancements in one-step diffusion models, which inherently offer expedited generation speeds compared to traditional multi-step methods. However, this enhanced efficiency is frequently accompanied by a compromise in the controllability of image attributes. While negative prompting, t

Nicolas DeStefano, Saeed Pegahan, Aneesh Ramaswamy, Seth Aubin

We present a quantum optics-based detection method for determining the position and current of an electron beam. As electrons pass through a dilute vapor of rubidium atoms, their magnetic field perturb the atomic spin's quantum state and causes polarization rotation of a laser resonant with an optical transition of the atoms. By measuring the polarization ro

Wenxuan Zhou, Shujian Zhang, Lingxiao Zhao, Tao Meng

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has been crucial in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values. Traditionally, RLHF involves generating responses to a query and using a reward model to assign a reward to the entire response. However, this approach faces challenges due to its reliance on a single, sparse reward, which makes it c

Lingteng Qiu, Shenhao Zhu, Qi Zuo, Xiaodong Gu

Generating animatable human avatars from a single image is essential for various digital human modeling applications. Existing 3D reconstruction methods often struggle to capture fine details in animatable models, while generative approaches for controllable animation, though avoiding explicit 3D modeling, suffer from viewpoint inconsistencies in extreme pos

Chenzi Jin

It was conjectured by Tian that the global log canonical threshold (known as the $\alpha$-invariant) is equal to the level $k$ log canonical threshold (known as the $\alpha_k$-invariant) for all sufficiently large $k$. A weaker folklore conjecture has been that the invariants $\alpha_k$ are eventually monotone. We provide a counterexample to both conjectures

Álvaro Rodríguez Abella, João Pedro Silvestre, Paulo Tabuada

The transformer architecture has become the foundation of modern Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its theoretical properties are still not well understood. As with classic neural networks, a common approach to improve these models is to increase their size and depth. However, such strategies may be suboptimal, as several works have shown that adding more la

D. S. Shirokov

We introduce the notion of rank of multivector in Clifford geometric algebras of arbitrary dimension without using the corresponding matrix representations and using only geometric algebra operations. We use the concepts of characteristic polynomial in geometric algebras and the method of SVD. The results can be used in various applications of geometric alge

Roland Bittleston, Kevin Costello, Keyou Zeng

We introduce a family of dualities between certain non-supersymmetric self-dual gauge theories on a large class of $4d$ self-dual asymptotically flat backgrounds, and the large $N$ limit of an independently defined $2d$ chiral defect CFT. Our construction goes via twisted holography for the type I topological string on a Calabi-Yau five-fold which fibres ove

Zach Benton, Jane Kwak, SuHo Oh, Mateo Torres

It is well known that there is a duality map between the superstable configurations and the critical configurations of a graph. This was extended to all M-matrices in (Guzm\`an-Klivans 2015). We show a natural way to extend this to all $(L,M)$-chip firing pairs introduced in (Guzm\`an-Klivans 2016). In addition, we study various properties of this map.

Alexey S. Koshelev, Chenxuan Li, Anna Tokareva

Non-pertrubative quantum gravity formulated as a unitary four-dimensional theory suggests that certain amount of non-locality, such as infinite-derivative operators, can be present in the action, in both cases of Analytic Infinite Derivative gravity and Asymptotically Safe gravity. Such operators lead to the emergence of Background Induced States on top of a

M. Lourdes Amigó, Jorge I. Facio, Gladys Nieva

Below the structural transition occurring at $T_s=90$\,K, FeSe exhibits positive transverse magnetoresistance when the current is applied parallel to the $ab$-plane. In this study, we show that, in contrast, when both the magnetic field and the current are aligned along the $c$-axis, the magnetotransport changes significantly. In this configuration, FeSe dev