December 2024 arXiv papers — page 95

Jianqing Zhu, Huang Huang, Zhihang Lin, Juhao Liang

This paper addresses the critical need for democratizing large language models (LLM) in the Arab world, a region that has seen slower progress in developing models comparable to state-of-the-art offerings like GPT-4 or ChatGPT 3.5, due to a predominant focus on mainstream languages (e.g., English and Chinese). One practical objective for an Arabic LLM is to

Maria-Victoria Vladucu, Hailun Wu, Jorge Medina, Khondaker M. Salehin

Real and effective regulation of contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants requires unbiased and truthful monitoring. Blockchain has emerged not only as an approach that provides verifiable economical interactions but also as a mechanism to keep the measurement, monitoring, incentivation of environmental conservationist practices and enforceme

Alejandro A. Stefan-Zavala, Isabel Scherl, Ioannis Mandralis, Steven L. Brunton

Fan-array wind tunnels are an emerging technology to design bespoke wind fields through grids of individually controllable fans. This design is especially suited for the turbulent, dynamic, non-uniform flow conditions found close to the ground, and has enabled applications from entomology to flight on Mars. However, due to the high dimensionality of fan-arra

Daniela Rodriguez-Lara, Ivan Alvarez-Rios, Francisco S. Guzman

In this paper we explain how to use the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). We start by defining appropriate discrete domains in coordinate and frequency domains. Then describe the main limitation of the method arising from the Sampling Theorem, which defines the critical Nyquist frequency and the aliasing effect. We

Ana Quedo

We give new examples of geometric constructions of non-natural non-symplectic involutions of IHS manifolds whose existence is guaranteed by previous results of Bossi\`ere-Cattaneo-Nieper-Wiesskirchen-Sarti in arXiv:1410.8387 and Bossi\'ere-Camere-Sarti in arXiv:1402.5154.

Naveed A. Abbasi, Kelvin Arana, Jorge Gomez-Ponce, Tathagat Pal

The growing demand for higher data rates and expanded bandwidth is driving the exploration of new frequency ranges, including the upper mid-band spectrum (6-24 GHz), which is a promising candidate for future Frequency Range 3 (FR3) applications. This paper presents ultra-wideband double-directional channel measurements in line-of-sight microcellular scenario

E. A. Barsukova, A. N. Burenkov, V. P. Goranskij, S. V. Zharikov

We report the results of 24 years of photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of CI Cam since its outburst in 1998. In the early years of our research, we identified a system component responsible for the emission of the He II 4686 line, which moves in an elliptical orbit with a period of 19.407 days and an eccentricity from 0.44 to 0.49. Variations in optic

Lekshmi Thulasidharan, Elena D'Onghia, Robert Benjamin, Ronald Drimmel

The prevailing model of galaxy formation proposes that galaxies like the Milky Way are built through a series of mergers with smaller galaxies over time. However, the exact details of the Milky Way's assembly history remain uncertain. In this study, we show that the Milky Way's merger history is uniquely encoded in the vertical thickness of its stellar disk.

Geneviève Bélanger, Nicolás Bernal, Alexander Pukhov

We consider a simple extension of the standard model with fermionic dark matter (DM) and a $Z'$ gauge boson acting as a mediator. We also assume a scenario where cosmic reheating occurs at low temperatures due to the decay of a massive inflaton into standard model states. To follow the evolution of the background and the dark sector states, we implement the

Samantha L. Garza, Jessica K. Werk, Trystyn A. M. Berg, Yakov Faerman

This paper investigates C IV absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of L* galaxies and its relationship with galaxy star formation rates. We present new observations from the C IV in L* survey (CIViL*; PID$\#$17076) using the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. By combining these measurements with archival C IV data (46 observations to

Hyun-Sik Jeong, Arnab Kundu, Juan F. Pedraza

We investigate quantum chaotic features of the brickwall model, which is obtained by introducing a stretched horizon - a Dirichlet wall placed outside the event horizon - within the BTZ geometry. This simple yet effective model has been shown to capture key properties of quantum black holes and is motivated by the stringy fuzzball proposal. We analyze the dy

Xiangyu Peng, Prafulla Kumar Choubey, Caiming Xiong, Chien-Sheng Wu

Existing evaluation frameworks for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems focus on answerable queries, but they overlook the importance of appropriately rejecting unanswerable requests. In this paper, we introduce UAEval4RAG, a framework designed to evaluate whether RAG systems can handle unanswerable queries effectively. We define a taxonomy with six

Santiago Agui Salcedo, Thomas Colas, Enrico Pajer

In many scenarios of interest, a quantum system interacts with an unknown environment, necessitating the use of open quantum system methods to capture dissipative effects and environmental noise. With the long-term goal of developing a perturbative theory for open quantum gravity, we take an important step by studying Abelian gauge theories within the Schwin

Kateryna Nechyporenko, Peter Ashwin, Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova

In this paper, we investigate saddle-node to saddle separatrix--loops that we term SNICeroclinic bifurcations. They are generic codimension-two bifurcations involving a heteroclinic loop between one non-hyperbolic and one hyperbolic saddle. A particular codimension-three case is the non-central SNICeroclinic bifurcation. We unfold this bifurcation in the min

Ana Tercero-Báez, Jesús Martín-Vaquero

In this paper, the stability of IMEX-BDF methods for delay differential equations (DDEs) is studied based on the test equation $y'(t)=-A y(t) + B y(t-\tau)$, where $\tau$ is a constant delay, $A$ is a positive definite matrix, but $B$ might be any matrix. First, it is analyzed the case where both matrices diagonalize simultaneously, but the paper focus in th

Wei Jiang, Li Hua, Subhasish Chakraborty

Holographically-designed aperiodic lattices have proven to be an exciting engineering technique for achieving electrically switchable single- or multi-frequency emissions in terahertz (THz) semiconductor lasers. Here, we employ the nonlinear transfer matrix modeling method to investigate multi-wavelength nonlinear (sum- or difference-) frequency generation w

Filomena Feo, Juan Luis Vázquez, Bruno Volzone

In this paper we explore the theory of the anisotropic porous medium equation in the slow diffusion range. After revising the basic theory, we prove the existence of self-similar fundamental solutions (SSFS) of the equation posed in the whole Euclidean space. Each of such solutions is uniquely determined by its mass. This solution has compact support w.r.t.

Ahmed Shalabi, Matheus H. Zambianco, T. Rick Perche

We compute the leading order corrections to the expected value of the squared field amplitude of a massless real scalar quantum field due to curvature in a localized region of spacetime. We use Riemann normal coordinates to define localized field operators in a curved spacetime that are analogous to their flat space counterparts, and the Hadamard condition t

Lucas Fagan, Yang Qiu, Zhenghan Wang

We propose an induction scheme that aims at establishing the stable Andrews-Curtis conjecture in the affirmative. The stable Andrews-Curtis conjecture is equivalent to the conjecture that every contractible fake surface is 3-deformable to a point. We prove that every contractible fake surface of complexity less than 6 is 3-deformable to a point by induction.

Paco H. Talero L., Inés Delgado R

In the context of physics didactics, alternative instructional approaches have often been employed to facilitate conceptual understanding of various topics. In this article, an alternative formulation for analyzing the motion of bodies on inclined planes is presented, based on Galileo's experimental rule involving multiples of odd numbers. According to this,

Arne Hamann, Paul Aigner, Pavel Sekatski, Wolfgang Dür

We consider the selective sensing of planar waves in the presence of noise. We present different methods to control the sensitivity of a quantum sensor network, which allow one to decouple it from arbitrarily selected waves while retaining sensitivity to the signal. Comparing these methods with classical (non-entangled) sensor networks we demonstrate two adv

Vadood Adami, Hosseing Masoomy, Morteza Nattagh-Najafi

In this paper, we explore the higher- and lower-order connectivity aspects of the visibility graph representation of sandpile models, focusing on the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) model. By converting the time series of avalanche events into visibility graphs, we investigate the structural properties that emerge at different scales of connectivity. Specifically,

Noemie C. Combe

An important object appearing in the framework of the Tomita--Takesaki theory is an invariant cone under the modular automorphism group of von Neumann algebras. As a result of the connection between von Neumann algebras and quantum field theory, von Neumann algebras have become increasingly important for (higher) category theory and topology. We show explici

Samuel Fedida, Adrian Kent

We examine the mixture equivalence principle (MEP), which states that proper and improper mixed states with the same density matrix are always experimentally indistinguishable, and a weaker version, which states that this is sometimes true in gravity theories. We point out that Moller-Rosenfeld semiclassical gravity violates the weak MEP and that nonlinear e

Yanou Cui, Anish Ghoshal, Pankaj Saha, Evangelos I. Sfakianakis

Affleck-Dine (AD) baryogenesis is compelling yet challenging to probe because of the high-energy physics involved. We demonstrate that this mechanism can be generically realized with low-energy new physics, without supersymmetry, while producing detectable gravitational waves (GWs) sourced by the parametric resonance of a light scalar field. In viable models

Marco Regis, Marco Taoso, Jorge Terol Calvo

We study prospects to detect axion-like particles (ALPs) with the upcoming near-infrared telescope SPHEREx. The signal under investigation is the ALP decay into two photons. Assuming dark matter (DM) to be in the form of ALPs, we analyze the signal from the DM halos of dwarf spheroidal galaxies, the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way. We find that SPHE

Samsuzzaman Afroz, Suvodip Mukherjee

One of the central challenges in modern cosmology is understanding the nature of dark energy and its evolution throughout the history of the Universe. Dark energy is commonly modeled as a perfect fluid with a time-varying equation-of-state parameter, $w(z)$, often modeled under CPL parametrization using two parameters $w_0$ and $w_a$. In this study, we explo

Tong Zhao, Dimitrios Psaltis, Feryal Ozel

Thermal X-ray emission from rotation-powered millisecond pulsars, shaped by gravitational lensing and the beaming of the surface radiation, provides critical insights into neutron star properties. This approach has been the focus of observations with the NICER mission. Using a semi-analytic model to calculate pulse profiles, we investigate the effects of ado

Tong Zhao, Dimitrios Psaltis, Feryal Ozel, Elif Beklen

Modeling of X-ray pulse profiles from millisecond pulsars offers a promising method of inferring the mass-to-radius ratios of neutron stars. Recent observations with NICER resulted in measurements of radii for three neutron stars using this technique. In this paper, we explore correlations between model parameters and the degree to which individual parameter

T. C. Rogers, M. Radici, A. Courtoy, T. Rainaldi

Important aspects of QCD factorization theorems are the properties of the objects involved that can be identified as universal. One example is that the definitions of parton densities and fragmentation functions for different types of hadrons differ only in the identity of the nonperturbative states that form the matrix elements, but are otherwise the same.

David Barnes, Magdalena Kędziorek, Niall Taggart

We provide a new proof of the rational splitting of excisive endofunctors of spectra as a product of their homogeneous layers independent of rational Tate vanishing. We utilise the analogy between endofunctors of spectra and equivariant stable homotopy theory and as a consequence, we obtain an algebraic model for rational excisive functors.

Stashu Kozlowski, Derek Churchill, Hae-Young Kee

Motivated by the time-reversal symmetry breaking signal in muon spin relaxation below a transition temperature without accompanying noticeable magnetic Bragg peaks in $5d^2$ Os double perovskites, a rare ferro-octupolar order was proposed to account for such hidden order. Here we study the phase transitions under a magnetic field in triangular and face-cente

Ze-Min Huang, Luis Colmenarez, Markus Müller, Sebastian Diehl

Quantum error correction protects quantum information against decoherence provided the noise strength remains below a critical threshold. This threshold marks the critical point for the decoding phase transition. Here we connect this transition in the toric code to a topological phase transition in disordered Majorana fermions at high temperatures. A quantum

Rohit Kundu, Hao Xiong, Vishal Mohanty, Athula Balachandran

Existing DeepFake detection techniques primarily focus on facial manipulations, such as face-swapping or lip-syncing. However, advancements in text-to-video (T2V) and image-to-video (I2V) generative models now allow fully AI-generated synthetic content and seamless background alterations, challenging face-centric detection methods and demanding more versatil

Sera Cremonini, Mirjam Cvetic, Christopher N Pope, Aritra Saha

We investigate various properties of extremal dyonic static black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion theory. We obtain a simple first-order ordinary differential equation for the black hole mass in terms of its electric and magnetic charges, which we can solve explicitly for certain special values of the scalar couplings. For one such case we also const

Seungwook Han, Jinyeop Song, Jeff Gore, Pulkit Agrawal

Autoregressive transformers exhibit adaptive learning through in-context learning (ICL), which begs the question of how. Prior works have shown that transformers represent the ICL tasks as vectors in their representations. In this paper, we leverage the encoding-decoding framework to study how transformers form task vectors during pretraining and how their t

Soujanya Datta, Mohammadmahdi Alizadeh, Ramy El-Ganainy, Krishanu Roychowdhury

In recent years, several proposals that leverage principles from condensed matter and high-energy physics for engineering laser arrays have been put forward. The most important among these concepts are topology, which enables the construction of robust zero-mode laser devices, and supersymmetry (SUSY), which holds the potential for achieving phase locking in

Rachel Brown, A. Meenakshi McNamara, Sahil Saini, Parampreet Singh

We explore the isotropization of a model anisotropic universe in the bouncing models using the ekpyrotic potential without assuming initial conditions corresponding to an ekpyrotic phase. In particular, we explore the way the use of ekpyrotic potentials may dynamically help isotropization for the considered initial conditions corresponding to the macroscopic

Valerio De Luca, Justin Khoury, Sam S. C. Wong

Gravitational memory, which describes the permanent shift in the strain after the passage of gravitational waves, is directly related to Weinberg's soft graviton theorems and the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) symmetry group of asymptotically flat space-times. In this work, we provide an equivalent description of the phenomenon in local coordinates around gravita

Conor M. B. Omand, Nikhil Sarin, Gavin P. Lamb

Binary neutron star mergers and collapsing massive stars can both create millisecond magnetars. Such magnetars are candidate engines to power gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The non-thermal light curve of the resulting transients can exhibit multiple components, including: the GRB afterglow, pulsar wind nebula (PWN), and ejecta afterglow. We derive the timescales f

Nicolás Bernal, Kuldeep Deka, Marta Losada

Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs) provide a compelling extension to the Standard Model, addressing the neutrino masses, baryogenesis, and dark matter problems. We perform a model-independent collider study, decoupling the active-sterile mixing angle ($V$) from the Yukawa coupling ($y$), and explore sensitivities at the HL-LHC for prompt and displaced decays. We a

Javier Fuentes-Martín, Adrián Moreno-Sánchez, Ajdin Palavrić, Anders Eller Thomsen

Functional methods can be applied to the quantum effective action to efficiently determine counterterms and matching conditions for effective field theories. We extend the toolbox to two-loop order and beyond and show how to evaluate the expansion of the path integral in a manifestly gauge-covariant manner. We also generalize the method to theories with mixe

Damian Rovara, Lukas Burgholzer, Robert Wille

Recent advancements in quantum computing software are gradually increasing the scope and size of quantum programs being developed. At the same time, however, these larger programs provide more possibilities for functional errors that are harder to detect and resolve. Meanwhile, debugging tools that could aid developers in resolving these errors are still bar

Manuel Goimil-García, Shashank Shalgar, Irene Tamborra

Neutrino quantum kinetics in dense astrophysical environments is investigated relying on the mean-field approximation. In this paper, we heuristically explore whether beyond-mean-field effects due to neutrino degeneracy could hinder flavor instabilities that are otherwise foreseen. Our results show that these corrections shift the stability regions for a sui

Zafri Ahmed Borboruah, Debasish Borah, Lekhika Malhotra, Utkarsh Patel

We propose a minimal Type-I Dirac seesaw which accommodates a thermal scalar dark matter (DM) candidate protected by a charge conjugation symmetry in dark sector $C_{\rm dark}$, without introducing any additional field beyond the ones taking part in the seesaw. A $Z_4$ symmetry is introduced to realise the tree level Dirac seesaw while the Majorana mass term

Kaustubh Agashe, Abhishek Banerjee, Minuyan Jiang, Shmuel Nussinov

The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ($\,a_{\mu}\,$) provides a stringent test of the quantum nature of the Standard Model (SM) and its extensions. To probe beyond the SM physics, one needs to be able to subtract the SM contributions, which consists of a non-perturbative part, namely, the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) of the photon. The state of th

Valeriy Vasilyev, Timo Reinhold, Alexander I. Shapiro, Ilya Usoskin

Stellar superflares are energetic outbursts of electromagnetic radiation, similar to solar flares but releasing more energy, up to $10^{36}$ erg on main sequence stars. It is unknown whether the Sun can generate superflares, and if so, how often they might occur. We used photometry from the Kepler space observatory to investigate superflares on other stars w

C. Cifuentes, J. A. Caballero, J. González-Payo, P. J. Amado

Multiplicity studies greatly benefit from focusing on M dwarfs because they are often paired in a variety of configurations with both stellar and substellar objects, including exoplanets. We aim to address the observed multiplicity of M dwarfs by conducting a systematic analysis using the latest available astrophotometric data. For every star in a sample of

Xin Peng, Yuzhi Wang, Shengnan Zhang, Yi Zhou

The discovery of altermagnet (AM) marks a significant advancement in magnetic materials, combining characteristics of both ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. In this Letter, we focus on CrSb, which has been verified to be an AM and to exhibit substantial spin splitting near the Fermi level. After successfully growing high-quality CrSb single crystals, we

David Dechant, Liubov Markovich, Vedran Dunjko, Jordi Tura

A focus of recent research in quantum computing has been on developing quantum algorithms for differential equations solving using variational methods on near-term quantum devices. A promising approach involves variational algorithms, which combine classical Runge-Kutta methods with quantum computations. However, a rigorous error analysis, essential for asse

Antonio Padilla, Robert G. C. Smith

We generalise the $\eta$ regularisation scheme in order to develop a framework for systematically studying regularisation of loops in quantum field theory. This allows us to "solve" a set of gauge consistency conditions for families of gauge invariant regularisation schemes. We recover several known examples such as dimensional and denominator regularisation

James M. Cline, Christos Litos, Wei Xue

A favored scenario for axions to be dark matter is for them to form a cosmic string network that subsequently decays, allowing for a tight link between the axion mass and relic abundance. We discuss an example in which the axion is protected from quantum gravity effects that would spoil its ability to solve the strong CP problem: namely a string theoretic ax

Keisuke Harigaya, Xuce Niu, Wei Xue, Fengwei Yang

We investigate the stability of superconducting strings as bound states of strings and fermion zero modes at both the classical and quantum levels. The dynamics of these superconducting strings can result in a stable configuration, known as a vorton. We mainly focus on global strings, but the majority of the discussion can be applied to local strings. Using

Xin Peng, Zhihao Liu, Shengnan Zhang, Yi Zhou

As a prototypical altermagnet, RuO$_{2}$ has been subject to many controversial reports regarding its magnetic ground state and the existence of crystal Hall effects. We obtained high-quality RuO$_{2}$ single crystal with a residual resistivity ratio (RRR = 152), and carefully measured its magnetization, longitudinal resistivity ($\rho_{xx}$) and Hall resist

José Manuel Penín, Konstantinos C. Rigatos

We are examining a newly discovered parametric family of backgrounds in massive type IIA supergravity that contains a warped $\text{AdS}_5$ factor. This family is the dual gravity description of $4$-dimensional quivers with $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry. We are interested in the status of classical integrability in these theories and we show that there exist

Klaudia Protušová, Sarah E. I. Bosman, Feige Wang, Romain A. Meyer

We present a study of a double-peaked Ly$\alpha$ emitter, named LAE-11, found in the proximity zone of QSO J0910-0414 at $z\sim6.6$. We use a combination of deep photometric data from Subaru Telescope, HST, and JWST with spectroscopic data from Keck/DEIMOS, NIRCam WFSS and NIRSpec MSA to characterise the ionising and general properties of the galaxy, as well

A. Liam Fitzpatrick, Emanuel Katz, Yuan Xin

We present efficient algorithms for obtaining the Hamiltonian in Lightcone Conformal Truncation (LCT) for a 2d scalar field with a generic potential. We apply this method to the sine-Gordon and sinh-Gordon models in $1+1d$, and find precise agreement with integrability results when the scaling dimension $\Delta$ of the deforming cosine/cosinh potential is in

Florian Goertz, Álvaro Pastor-Gutiérrez, Jan M. Pawlowski

We study, for the first time, the interplay between colour-confining and chiral symmetry-breaking dynamics in gauge-fermion systems with a general number of flavours and colours. Specifically, we work out the flavour dependence of the confinement and chiral symmetry breaking scales. We connect the QCD-like regime, in quantitative agreement with lattice data,

Stefano Lanza, Alexander Westphal

The construction of meta-stable four-dimensional de Sitter vacua in type IIB string compactifications represents an important question and an ongoing area of work. There is considerable support both for stringy de Sitter vacua in the interior of moduli space and for their scarceness in the strict asymptotic regime towards infinite-distance boundaries of the

Daisuke Kawata, Robert J. J. Grand, Jason A. S. Hunt, Ioana Ciucă

Our understanding of the Milky Way disk is rapidly improving with the recent advent of the high quality and vast amount of observational data. We summarize our current view of the structure of the Milky Way disk, such as the masses and sizes of the gas and stellar disks, and the position and motion of the Sun in the disk. We also discuss the different defini

Lukas Kaufmann, Stefano Lanza, Timo Weigand

We invoke probe brane arguments to classify the asymptotic behavior of general five-dimensional supergravity theories with eight supercharges near infinite distance boundaries of the vector multiplet moduli space. Imposing consistency of supergravity strings we derive several constraints on the Chern-Simons couplings entering the prepotential, including thei

Weiyao Ke, John Terry, Ivan Vitev

In this paper, we explore the use of jet substructure as a way of probing phenomena which break the isotropic behavior of jets, such as jet propagation through an anisotropically flowing quark-gluon plasma or spin correlations. We introduce two novel observables for this purpose: the azimuthal-dependent jet broadening and the azimuthal-dependent jet shape, w

Roark Habegger, Ellen G. Zweibel

Supernova energy drives interstellar medium (ISM) turbulence and can help launch galactic winds. What difference does it make if $10\%$ of the energy is initially deposited into cosmic rays? To answer this question and study cosmic-ray feedback, we perform galactic patch simulations of a stratified ISM. We compare two magnetohydrodynamic and cosmic ray (MHD+

João Augusto Sobral, Michael Perle, Mathias S. Scheurer

Neural-network-based variational quantum states in general, and more recently autoregressive models in particular, have proven to be powerful tools to describe complex many-body wave functions. However, their performance crucially depends on the computational basis chosen and they often lack physical interpretability. To mitigate these issues, we here propos

Timothy Cohen, Matthew Forslund, Andreas Helset

We revisit the lore establishing the allowed space of field redefinitions and show that there are essentially no restrictions. Our conclusions hold to all orders in perturbation theory and for any dispersion relation. Field redefinitions can be nonlocal, symmetry breaking, or in certain cases have explicit dependence on spacetime. We address field redefiniti

Erik Wegner Hodt, Hendrik Bentmann, Jacob Linder

It has recently been realized that magnetic systems with coplanar magnetic order that are invariant under the combined operation of time-reversal and translation with half a unit cell feature energy bands with a symmetry-protected p-wave spin polarization. Such $p$-wave magnets are a sought-after spin analogy of unconventional triplet superconducting pairing

Sergij Mazurenko, Indranil Banik, Pavel Kroupa

Galaxy number counts suggest that we are located within the Gpc-scale KBC void. The Hubble tension might arise due to gravitationally driven outflow from this void, as explored in detail by Haslbauer et al. We explore how the impact of the void on redshift decays at large distances. We define $H_0(z)$ as the present expansion rate $H_0$ that would be inferre

Phil R. Van-Lane, Joshua S. Speagle, Gwendolyn M. Eadie, Stephanie T. Douglas

Gyrochronology is a technique for constraining stellar ages using rotation periods, which change over a star's main sequence lifetime due to magnetic braking. This technique shows promise for main sequence FGKM stars, where other methods are imprecise. However, the observed dispersion in rotation rates for similar coeval stars has historically been difficult

Dario Benedetti, Edoardo Lauria, Dalimil Mazáč, Philine van Vliet

We study the 1d Ising model with long-range interactions decaying as $1/r^{1+s}$. The critical model corresponds to a family of 1d conformal field theories (CFTs) whose data depends nontrivially on $s$ in the range $1/2\leq s\leq 1$. The model is known to be described by a generalized free field with quartic interaction, which is weakly coupled near $s=1/2$

Bhavya Sukhija, Stelian Coros, Andreas Krause, Pieter Abbeel

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms aim to balance exploiting the current best strategy with exploring new options that could lead to higher rewards. Most common RL algorithms use undirected exploration, i.e., select random sequences of actions. Exploration can also be directed using intrinsic rewards, such as curiosity or model epistemic uncertainty. How

Yangyang Li, Daqing Liu, Wu Liu, Allen He

Creative visual concept generation often draws inspiration from specific concepts in a reference image to produce relevant outcomes. However, existing methods are typically constrained to single-aspect concept generation or are easily disrupted by irrelevant concepts in multi-aspect concept scenarios, leading to concept confusion and hindering creative gener

Willy Fischler, Hare Krishna, Sarah Racz

It is well known that the area of the de Sitter cosmological horizon is related to the entropy of the bulk spacetime. Recent work has however shown that the horizon encodes more information about the bulk spacetime than just the entropy. In this work, we show that the horizon contains all of the gauge invariant (diffeomorphism and $U(1)$) information about (

Cheng Zhang, Haofei Xu, Qianyi Wu, Camilo Cruz Gambardella

With the advent of portable 360{\deg} cameras, panorama has gained significant attention in applications like virtual reality (VR), virtual tours, robotics, and autonomous driving. As a result, wide-baseline panorama view synthesis has emerged as a vital task, where high resolution, fast inference, and memory efficiency are essential. Nevertheless, existing

Chaorui Deng, Deyao Zhu, Kunchang Li, Shi Guang

We introduce Causal Diffusion as the autoregressive (AR) counterpart of Diffusion models. It is a next-token(s) forecasting framework that is friendly to both discrete and continuous modalities and compatible with existing next-token prediction models like LLaMA and GPT. While recent works attempt to combine diffusion with AR models, we show that introducing

Guoxuan Chen, Han Shi, Jiawei Li, Yihang Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited exceptional performance across a spectrum of natural language processing tasks. However, their substantial sizes pose considerable challenges, particularly in computational demands and inference speed, due to their quadratic complexity. In this work, we have identified a key pattern: certain seemingly meaningless s

Felix Taubner, Ruihang Zhang, Mathieu Tuli, David B. Lindell

Reconstructing photorealistic and dynamic portrait avatars from images is essential to many applications including advertising, visual effects, and virtual reality. Depending on the application, avatar reconstruction involves different capture setups and constraints $-$ for example, visual effects studios use camera arrays to capture hundreds of reference im

Zhengxing Cheng, Yuheng Huang, Zhixuan Zhang, Dan Ou

Given the ubiquity of multi-task in practical systems, Multi-Task Learning (MTL) has found widespread application across diverse domains. In real-world scenarios, these tasks often have different priorities. For instance, In web search, relevance is often prioritized over other metrics, such as click-through rates or user engagement. Existing frameworks pay

Hanwen Liang, Junli Cao, Vidit Goel, Guocheng Qian

How can one efficiently generate high-quality, wide-scope 3D scenes from arbitrary single images? Existing methods suffer several drawbacks, such as requiring multi-view data, time-consuming per-scene optimization, distorted geometry in occluded areas, and low visual quality in backgrounds. Our novel 3D scene reconstruction pipeline overcomes these limitatio

Fabio Bernasconi

We survey some of the recent works on the geometry of del Pezzo surfaces over imperfect fields, with applications to 3-dimensional del Pezzo fibrations in positive characteristic. We place particular emphasis on cases where the general fibres of the fibrations are not smooth

Eliot Xing, Vernon Luk, Jean Oh

Recent advances in GPU-based parallel simulation have enabled practitioners to collect large amounts of data and train complex control policies using deep reinforcement learning (RL), on commodity GPUs. However, such successes for RL in robotics have been limited to tasks sufficiently simulated by fast rigid-body dynamics. Simulation techniques for soft bodi

Bilal Mufti, Christian Perron, Dimitri N. Mavris

This paper presents a nonlinear reduced-order modeling (ROM) framework that leverages deep learning and manifold learning to predict compressible flow fields with complex nonlinear features, including shock waves. The proposed DeepManifold (DM)-ROM methodology is computationally efficient, avoids pixelation or interpolation of flow field data, and is adaptab

Mingdeng Cao, Xuaner Zhang, Yinqiang Zheng, Zhihao Xia

This paper introduces a novel dataset construction pipeline that samples pairs of frames from videos and uses multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to generate editing instructions for training instruction-based image manipulation models. Video frames inherently preserve the identity of subjects and scenes, ensuring consistent content preservation during

Connar Rowan, Henry Whitehead, Bence Kocsis

It has been suggested that merging black hole (BH) binaries in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs formed through two-body scatterings via the gas-capture process may explain a significant fraction of BH mergers in AGN and a non-negligible contribution to the observed rate from LIGO-VIRGO-KAGRA. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of BH and binary BH formatio

David Collins, Taylor Larrechea

We consider protocols for estimating the parameter in a single-parameter unital qubit channel, assuming that the available initial states are highly mixed with very low purity. We compare two protocols, each invoking the channel once, via their quantum Fisher informations. One uses $n$ qubits prepared in a particular correlated input state and subsequently q

Phoenix Alpine, Samriddhi Bhatia, Fernando Chierchie, Alex Drlica-Wagner

The DarkNESS (Dark Matter Nano-satellite Equipped with Skipper Sensors) mission aims to deploy a skipper-CCD CubeSat Observatory to search for dark matter (DM) from Low Earth Orbit. This mission will employ novel skipper-CCDs to investigate O(keV) X-rays from decaying DM, as well as electron recoils from strongly-interacting sub-GeV DM. The DarkNESS mission

Zhibing Li, Tong Wu, Jing Tan, Mengchen Zhang

Capturing geometric and material information from images remains a fundamental challenge in computer vision and graphics. Traditional optimization-based methods often require hours of computational time to reconstruct geometry, material properties, and environmental lighting from dense multi-view inputs, while still struggling with inherent ambiguities betwe

Kevin Garner, Fotis Drakopoulos, Chander Sadasivan, Nikos Chrisochoides

Presented are two techniques that are designed to help streamline the discretization of complex vascular geometries within the numerical modeling process. The first method integrates multiple software tools into a single pipeline which can generate adaptive anisotropic meshes from segmented medical images. The pipeline is shown to satisfy quality, fidelity,

Ganna Kudryavtseva, Ajda Lemut Furlani

Motivated by recent interest to $F$-inverse monoids, on the one hand, and to restriction and birestriction monoids, on the other hand, we initiate the study of $F$-birestriction monoids as algebraic structures in the enriched signature $(\cdot, \, ^*, \,^+, \, ^{\mathfrak{m}},1)$ where the unary operation $(\cdot)^{\mathfrak{m}}$ maps each element to the max

Adrien La Posta, David Alonso, Nora Elisa Chisari, Tassia Ferreira

We measure the cross-correlation between cosmic shear from the third-year release of the Dark Energy Survey, thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) maps from Planck, and X-ray maps from ROSAT. We investigate the possibility of developing a physical model able to jointly describe both measurements, simultaneously constraining the spatial distribution and thermodyna

János Kollár, Jennifer Li

Building on the works of Mordell (1952) and Schinzel (2015), we prove that cubic diophantine equations $xyz=G(x,y)$ have infinitely many solutions.

Paul Bouteyre, Xuerong Hu, Sam A. Randerson, Panaiot G. Zotev

Over the last decade, layered crystals, dubbed van der Waals (vdW) materials, have attracted tremendous interest due to their unique properties in their single and few layer regimes. Their bulk counterparts, however, have only been recently explored as building blocks for nanophotonics as they offer promising properties such as high refractive indices and ad

Yan Xia, Zhendong Li, Yun-Jin Li, Letian Shi

To date, most place recognition methods focus on single-modality retrieval. While they perform well in specific environments, cross-modal methods offer greater flexibility by allowing seamless switching between map and query sources. It also promises to reduce computation requirements by having a unified model, and achieving greater sample efficiency by shar

Thibault Poiret, Dhruv Ranganathan

A standard assumption in the study of logarithmic structures is "fineness", but this assumption is not preserved by intersections, fiber products, and more general limits. We explain how a coherent logarithmic scheme $X$ has a natural decomposition into "fine faces" -- a collection of fine logarithmic subschemes. This allows for importation of the techniques

Yuxuan Sun, Yixuan Si, Chenglu Zhu, Xuan Gong

The emergence of large multimodal models (LMMs) has brought significant advancements to pathology. Previous research has primarily focused on separately training patch-level and whole-slide image (WSI)-level models, limiting the integration of learned knowledge across patches and WSIs, and resulting in redundant models. In this work, we introduce CPath-Omni,

Guo Chen, Yicheng Liu, Yifei Huang, Yuping He

Most existing video understanding benchmarks for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) focus only on short videos. The limited number of benchmarks for long video understanding often rely solely on multiple-choice questions (MCQs). However, because of the inherent limitation of MCQ-based evaluation and the increasing reasoning ability of MLLMs, models can

Anja Butter, François Charton, Javier Mariño Villadamigo, Ayodele Ore

Generative networks are an exciting tool for fast LHC event fixed number of particles. Autoregressive transformers allow us to generate events containing variable numbers of particles, very much in line with the physics of QCD jet radiation, and offer the possibility to generalize to higher multiplicities. We show how transformers can learn a factorized like

Cyril Pitrou, Giulia Cusin

The Hellings-Downs (HD) correlation, which characterizes the signature of a stochastic gravitational wave background measured via Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA), is derived using a harmonic formalism. This approach closely follows the framework traditionally employed to compute correlations of temperature fluctuations in the CMB. This parallel enables a direct c

Kuleen Sasse, Carlos Aguirre, Isabel Cachola, Sharon Levy

WARNING: This paper contains content that maybe upsetting or offensive to some readers. Dog whistles are coded expressions with dual meanings: one intended for the general public (outgroup) and another that conveys a specific message to an intended audience (ingroup). Often, these expressions are used to convey controversial political opinions while maintain

J. F. Peltier, Z. Y. Xu, I. Cox, R. Grzywacz

We measured the $\beta$-delayed neutron emission from $^{25}$F for the first time at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). Using combined neutron and $\gamma$-ray detector systems of the FRIB Decay Station Initiator (FDSi), we observed $\beta$-decay transitions populating neutron unbound states between 4.2 and 8 MeV in $^{25}$Ne. The experimental resul

Sam Chow, Han Yu

We investigate the metric theory of Diophantine approximation on missing-digit fractals. In particular, we establish analogues of Khinchin's theorem and Gallagher's theorem, as well as inhomogeneous generalisations.