April 2026 arXiv papers — page 147

Hao Chen, Yibei Li

Energy correlators offer a clean probe of quantum chromodynamics, serving as an ideal laboratory to rigorously investigate non-perturbative power corrections. The recent discovery that linear corrections exhibit a universal anomalous scaling points to a deep, underlying theoretical structure. We uncover the quantum field-theoretic origin of this phenomenon i

Roman Bezrukavnikov, Pablo Boixeda Alvarez, Michael McBreen, Zhiwei Yun

We find a new geometric incarnation for the principal block in the category of modules over a quantum group at a root of unity, realizing it as a full subcategory of microsheaves on a certain affine Springer fiber. We also prove a related geometric Langlands type equivalence with wild ramification, identifying the latter category with a category of coherent

Allison Austin, Shilpika, Yan To Linus Lam, Yun-Hsin Kuo

In high-performance computing (HPC) environments, system monitoring data is often unlabeled and high-dimensional, making it difficult to reliably detect and understand anomalous computing nodes. The growing scale and dimensionality of the collected datasets present significant challenges for analysis and visualization tasks. We present a scalable, interactiv

Weiyan Shi, Dorien Herremans, Kenny Tsu Wei Choo

Early-stage design ideation often relies on rough sketches created under time pressure, leaving much of the designer's intent implicit. In practice, designers frequently speak while sketching, verbally articulating functional goals and ideas that are difficult to express visually. We introduce TalkSketchD, a sketch-while-speaking dataset that captures sponta

Selina Stenberg

Quantum error correction assumes that all syndrome activations represent errors requiring correction. We present evidence from 756 QEC runs across three IBM Eagle r3 processors that this assumption is wrong. The hardware exhibits sub-Poissonian syndrome statistics (Fano factor F = 0.856, t = -131 against Poisson, zero dependence on code distance), indicating

Thomas Walker, Ahmed Imtiaz Humayun, Randall Balestriero, Richard Baraniuk

The Linear Representation Hypothesis (LRH) identifies features of a trained deep network (DN) as linear directions in the activation spaces, i.e., output spaces of intermediate layers. This characterization decouples the input-output maps learned by a DN from the organization of feature directions in its activation spaces. We introduce the Linear Centroids H

Chitra Banarjee, Patrick Kwon, Ania Lipat, Rui Xie

Gait assessment is a key clinical indicator of fall risk and overall health in older adults. However, standard clinical practice is largely limited to stopwatch-measured gait speed. We present a pipeline that leverages a 3D Human Mesh Recovery (HMR) model to extract gait parameters from recordings of older adults completing the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Fr

N. V. Krylov

We prove the maximum modulus estimates in terms of the $L_{q,p}$-norm of the free term for solutions of the heat equation with Morrey drift for any $q,p$ satisfying $d/p+2/q<2$ and any order of integration in the definition of the $L_{q,p}$-norm. An application to the case of $b$ satisfying the Ladyzhenskaya-Prodi-Serrin condition is given. The technique is

Soonpil Kang, Ann S. Almgren, Mahesh Natarajan, Aaron M. Lattanzi

This paper describes an embedded boundary (EB) approach for simulating three-dimensional fluid flow on a staggered mesh where the velocity components are defined on cell faces and the thermodynamic state is defined on cell centers. Most EB approaches assume that all components of the solution, including the velocity, are co-located. To compute solution quant

Shubham Saha

We present a conjecture for the Chow ring of the universal moduli stack of bundles over hyperelliptic curves and prove it for rank and genus two. Consequently, we obtain explicit generators and relations to conclude that the Chow ring is tautological. In addition, we compute the Chow rings of products of universal Jacobians over genus two curves.

Yuxing Fei, Bernardus Rendy, Xiaochen Yang, Junhee Woo

Self-driving laboratories promise to accelerate materials discovery. Yet current automated solid-state synthesis platforms are limited to ambient conditions, thereby precluding their use for air-sensitive materials. Here, we present A-Lab for Glovebox Powder Solid-state Synthesis (A-Lab GPSS), a robotic platform capable of synthesizing and characterizing air

Charis Stamouli, Anastasios Tsiamis, George J. Pappas

Layered control is essential for managing complexity in large-scale systems, employing progressively coarser models at higher layers. While significant advances have been made for fully observable systems, the theoretical foundations of layered control under partial observations and stochastic noise remain underexplored. To address this gap, we propose a pri

Valentina D'Orazi, Cecilia Mateu, Giuliano Iorio, Alexey Bobrick

RR Lyrae stars are widely considered tracers of ancient (greater than 10 Gyr), metal-poor stellar populations. However, recent kinematic and photometric studies suggest the existence of a metal-rich RRL sub-population associated with the thin disc and intermediate ages (approximately 2-5 Gyr), challenging canonical evolutionary models. We aim to provide the

Maria G. Mendoza, Pan-Yang Su, Bryce L. Ferguson, S. Shankar Sastry

We study dynamic multi-robot task allocation under uncertain task completion, time-window constraints, and incomplete information. Tasks arrive online over a finite horizon and must be completed within specified deadlines, while agents operate from distributed hubs with limited sensing and communication. We model incomplete information through hub-based sens

Haim Diamant, Gil Ariel

Entropy is one of the key thermodynamic variables reflecting changes in the state of matter. Unlike other thermodynamic variables, it is well-defined also for nonequilibrium steady states through its relation to information. Applying this relation to physical systems is an ongoing challenge, as it requires knowledge of microscopic high-dimensional continuous

Scott Aaronson, Anand Natarajan, Avishay Tal, Agi Villanyi

Complexity class containments involving interactive proof classes are famously nonrelativizing: although $\mathsf{IP} = \mathsf{PSPACE}$, Fortnow and Sipser showed that that there exists an oracle relative to which $\mathsf{coNP} \not\subseteq \mathsf{IP}$. In contrast, the question of whether the containment $\mathsf{BQP} \subseteq \mathsf{IP}$ is relativiz

Linbo Shang

The analysis of multi-dimensional graph signals on complex structured domains remains a fundamental challenge,

Yixian Shen, Chaoyao Shen, Jan Deen, George Floros

Large Foundation Model (LFM) inference is both memory- and compute-intensive, traditionally relying on GPUs. However, the limited availability and high cost have motivated the adoption of high-performance general-purpose CPUs, especially emerging 3D-stacked Static Non-Uniform Cache Architecture (3D S-NUCA) systems. These architectures offer enhanced bandwidt

Alan Aboudib, Rodrigo Lopez Portillo A., Kalei Brady, Steffen Cruz

Unlocking large-scale low-bandwidth decentralized training has the potential to utilize otherwise untapped compute resources. In centralized settings, large-scale multi-node training is primarily enabled by data and pipeline parallelism, two techniques that require ultra-high-bandwidth communication. While efficient methods now exist for decentralized data p

Huy Truong, Pietro Poggi-Corradini

In [27], we provided results on the $p$-modulus of the family of all bases of matroids and showed that it recovers various concepts in matroid theory, including strength, fractional arboricity, and principal partitions. In particular, the unique optimal density $\eta^*$ that arises for $p$-modulus, which we will refer to as universal density from now on, was

Vivek Reddy Chithari, Jasmine Y. Young, Irina Persikova, Yuhe Liang

Motivation: Structural Biologists have contributed more than 245,000 experimentally determined three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules to the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Incoming data are validated and biocurated by ~20 expert biocurators across the wwPDB. RCSB PDB biocurators who process more than 40% of global depositions face increasing cha

Elliott C. Pryor, Marc D. Breton, Anas El Fathi

Diabetes devices, including Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), Smart Insulin Pens, and Automated Insulin Delivery systems, generate rich time-series data widely used in research and machine learning. However, inconsistent data formats across sources hinder sharing, integration, and analysis. We present DIAX (DIAbetes eXchange), a standardized JSON-based fo

Takumi Kakimoto, Masayuki Tanaka, Makoto Ando, Kei Ito

Massive quiescent galaxies (QGs) at high redshifts are likely progenitors of massive elliptical galaxies in the local Universe. Recent observations, such as the discovery of QGs in overdensity (galaxy groups and proto-clusters) at high redshifts, have highlighted the importance of the relationship between star formation activity in galaxies and the surroundi

Hung M. Bui, Alexandra Florea, Micah B. Milinovich

In this paper, we prove the simultaneous non-vanishing of four Dirichlet $L$-functions at any point on the critical line. More precisely, let $\chi_1,\ldots,\chi_4$ be even Dirichlet characters modulo $D_1,\ldots, D_4$ respectively, where the $D_j$ are pairwise co-prime and square-free integers. Under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we prove that $\prod_

Anna E. McCoy, Mark A. Caprio, Patrick J. Fasano, Tomas Dytrych

We present the symplectic no-core configuration interaction (SpNCCI) framework, in which the nuclear many-body problem is solved a symmetry-adapted basis that explicitly encodes approximate symmetries associated with nuclear collectivity and deformation. In this framework, calculations are carried out in a basis organized into Sp(3,R) irreducible representat

Zhen Liu, Qinghou Zeng

For a positive integer \( k \), let \( [k] = \{1, 2, \ldots, k\} \). Let \( h \) be a non-negative integer, and let \( n \) be a multiple of \( h + 1 \). Define \( H \) as the disjoint union of \( n/(h+1) \) cliques (each of size \( h + 1 \)) with vertex sets \( V_1, \ldots, V_{n/(h+1)} \), where \( V_i = \{ v_j \mid j = (i-1)(h+1) + k, k \in [h+1] \} \) for

Vishesh Jain, Clayton Mizgerd, Eric Vigoda

Sampling graph colorings via local Markov chains is a central problem in approximate counting and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We address the problem of sampling a random $k$-coloring of a graph with maximum degree $Δ$. The simplest algorithmic approach is to establish rapid mixing of the single-site update chain known as the Metropolis Glauber dynamics,

Louis DeBiasio, Tucker Wimbish

The wheel $W_{k}$ is the graph on $k+1$ vertices consisting of a vertex joined to a cycle of length $k$, and we say that $W_k$ is an even wheel if $k$ is even. Mao, Wang, Magnant, Schiermeyer proved that the Ramsey number of $W_{2n}$ is between $4n+1$ and $12n-2$. We improve both of these bounds, showing that $5n-\frac{1+(-1)^{n}}{2}\leq R(W_{2n})\leq 8n+664

Divya Khanure, Riti Gour, Congzhou Li, Jason P. Jue

Network slicing over space division multiplexed elastic optical networks (SDM EONs) enables efficient multiservice provisioning on a shared optical substrate. However, embedding such slices requires coordinated spectrum and compute resource management under dynamic traffic, which most existing RMCSA studies treat independently. This paper focuses on the netw

Truong Xuan Khanh, Truong Quynh Hoa, Luu Duc Trung, Phan Thanh Duc

Grokking - the delayed transition from memorisation to generalisation in neural networks - remains poorly understood. We study this phenomenon through the geometry of learned representations and identify a consistent empirical signature preceding generalisation: collapse of the spectral entropy of the representation covariance matrix. Across modular arithmet

Mikołaj Bojańczyk, Grzegorz Fabiański, Rafał Stefański

It is open whether equivalence ( f = g ) is decidable for string-to-string polyregular functions. We consider their higher-order extension based on the {\lambda}-calculus definition of polyregular functions from Boja\'nczyk (2018). In this setting, equivalence is undecidable by reduction from the tiling problem.

Hanjun Luo, Zhimu Huang, Haoyu Huang, Ziye Deng

Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models have revolutionized content creation, yet they inherently risk amplifying societal biases. While sociological research provides systematic classifications of bias, existing T2I benchmarks largely conflate these nuances or focus narrowly on occupational stereotypes, leaving the multi-dimensional nature of generative bias

Katarína Cechlárová, Jörg Rothe, Šimon Schierreich, Ildikó Schlotter

We study the Possible President problem and the Necessary President problem for Schulze voting, a rule that, due to its many desirable axiomatic properties, is popular in practice. In both problems, we are given an election with the candidates partitioned into a set of parties, and we are interested in questions about a given distinguished party. In the Poss

Rahele Allahverdi, Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi, Azam Bastanfard, Daryoosh Akbarzadeh

Solving pattern recognition problems using imbalanced databases is a hot topic, which entices researchers to bring it into focus. Therefore, we consider this problem in the application of Sassanid coins classification. Our focus is not only on proposing EigenCoin manifold with Bhattacharyya distance for the classification task, but also on testing the influe

Ying Shing Liu, Emil Viñas Boström, Michael A. Sentef, Silvia Viola Kusminskiy

Nontrivial quantum geometry is a key feature of the wavefunctions of collective magnetic excitations in topological systems, but accessing it experimentally remains an open challenge. While Raman circular dichroism (RCD) has emerged as a promising probe, the fundamental link between the RCD and magnon quantum geometry has remained unsettled, and complicated

Niclas Eich, Johannes Erdmann, Martin Erdmann, Benjamin Fischer

The VISPA project is a self-managed, mid-scale computing cluster that supports physics data analysis in research and teaching. Because the cluster is housed in a 1970s institute building with limited retrofit options, conventional efficiency upgrades would yield only minor energy savings. We therefore target sustainability primarily through user-centric meas

Barron Han, Victoria Kostina, Babak Hassibi

We study online linear-quadratic regulation (LQR) with unknown dynamics under communication rate constraints. Classical networked control quantizes the plant state at every time step, requiring $O(T)$ total bits while injecting persistent quantization noise that limits control performance. We consider a setting where the plant observes its state locally and

Yuzheng Zhang, Weizhen Li, Rui Carvalho

Our ability to predict, control, and ultimately understand complex systems rests on discovering the equations that govern their dynamics. Identifying these equations directly from noisy, limited observations has therefore become a central challenge in data-driven science, yet existing library-based sparse regression methods force a compromise between automat

Gamze Kirman Tokgoz, Onat Gungor, Tajana Rosing, Baris Aksanli

Time-series forecasting aims to predict future values by modeling temporal dependencies in historical observations. It is a critical component of many real-world systems, where accurate forecasts improve operational efficiency and help mitigate uncertainty and risk. More recently, machine learning (ML), and especially deep learning (DL)-based models, have ga

Tamerlan Mustafaev, Oleg Kruglov, Margarita Zuley, Luana de Mero Omena

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is now the standard of care for breast cancer screening in the USA. Accurate segmentation of fibroglandular tissue in DBT images is essential for personalized risk estimation, but algorithm development is limited by scarce human-delineated training data. In this study we introduce a time- and labor-saving framework to gener

Gabriel de Macedo Santos

This paper proposes a two-step empirical framework to study the repricing of the Brazilian DI curve around Copom-related events. The empirical strategy separates the initial market reaction associated with the underlying shock from the subsequent repricing observed between the shock and the first Copom statement that follows it. The dataset combines a hand-b

Jimin Mun, Chani Jung, Xuhui Zhou, Hyunwoo Kim

While LLMs hold significant potential to transform scientific research, we advocate for their use to augment and empower researchers rather than to automate research without human oversight. To this end, we study constructive feedback generation, the task of producing targeted, actionable feedback that helps authors improve both their research and its presen

X. Xu, F. Wan, S. Cohan, V. V. Kashikhin

CORC$^\circledR$ wires are a promising superconductor for accelerator magnet applications. While their excellent uniaxial tensile properties have been well established, potential degradation under transverse compression remains a significant concern for accelerator magnets, in which transverse compression is a primary stress experienced by superconductors. T

Patrick Lopatto

We show that in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model at inverse temperature $\beta$ with uniform external field $h>0$, replica symmetry holds in the regime $ \beta^2\mathrm{E}[ \mathrm{sech}^4(\beta\sqrt{q}Z+h)] \le 1$, where $Z$ is a standard Gaussian random variable. This confirms a prediction of de Almeida and Thouless (1978). The proof proceeds by a direct

Shaohang Zhu, Junlun Li, Guoyi Chen, Hongjian Fang

Surface wave tomography is essential for investigating the shear-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle. The direct surface wave tomography method, DSurfTomo, has become one of the most widely adopted packages due to its ability to account for ray path bending in complex media to increase subsurface characterization accuracy. However, its inhe

Dennis Bonatsos, V. K. B. Kota, Andriana Martinou, S. K. Peroulis

The proxy-SU(3) approximation to the shell model, which restores the SU(3) symmetry of the 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator beyond the sd shell, predicts the collective deformation variables beta and gamma of even-even atomic nuclei in a parameter-free way, based on the most symmetric irreducible representation (irrep) of SU(3) allowed by the Pauli principl

Zhentao Liu, Milos Cernak

The rapid advancement of generative AI has made it increasingly challenging to distinguish between deepfake audio and authentic human speech. To overcome the limitations of passive detection methods, we propose StreamMark, a novel deep learning-based, semi-fragile audio watermarking system. StreamMark is designed to be robust against benign audio conversions

Gert Aarts, Chris Allton, Ryan Bignell, Benjamin Jäger

The $U(1)_A$ symmetry of the massless QCD Lagrangian is explicitly broken by the axial anomaly, but it may be effectively restored at finite temperature. Determining the temperature at which this occurs is important for understanding the chiral transition and the structure of the QCD phase diagram. A commonly used probe of effective $U(1)_A$ restoration is t

Ying Xie

Self-monitoring capabilities -- metacognition, self-prediction, and subjective duration -- are often proposed as useful additions to reinforcement learning agents. But do they actually help? We investigate this question in a continuous-time multi-timescale agent operating in predator-prey survival environments of varying complexity, including a 2D partially

Chengkun Yue, Chuanzhi Xu, Jiangpeng He

Nutrition estimation of meals from visual data is an important problem for dietary monitoring and computational health, but existing approaches largely rely on single images of the finally completed dish. This setting is fundamentally limited because many nutritionally relevant ingredients and transformations, such as oils, sauces, and mixed components, beco

Emanuele Polino, Davide Poderini, Giorgio Minati, Giovanni Rodari

Quantum correlations in networks with independent sources have revealed novel forms of nonclassical behavior. While entanglement in the sources is a necessary ingredient, the role played by entanglement in the measurements remains largely unexplored. In particular, all existing demonstrations of full network nonlocality, certifying the nonclassicality of eve

Mohammed Ezzaldin Babiker Abdullah

The stable operation of autonomous off-grid photovoltaic systems requires solar forecasting algorithms that respect atmospheric thermodynamics. Contemporary deep learning models consistently exhibit critical anomalies, primarily severe temporal phase lags during cloud transients and physically impossible nocturnal power generation. To resolve this divergence

Paul L. Schechter

We anticipate that hundreds of thousands of distant, strongly gravitationally lensed sources will be detectable with the European Space Agency's (ESA) Euclid mission and the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time. We consider the virtues and shortcomings of the Singular Isothermal Elliptical Potential (SIEP) with Parallel External Shear (XS_||) fo

Daniela Korcakova, Nela Dvorakova, Iris Bermejo Lozano, Gregg A. Wade

We summarise the properties and nature of a peculiar group of B-type stars called FS CMa stars. These stars show the B[e] phenomenon, i.e., their spectra exhibit both forbidden emission lines and infrared excess. Such properties point to an extended circumstellar gas and dust component. Although the phenomenon has been explained in most B[e] stars, the origi

Bradley G. Guislain, Rysa Greenwood, Matteo Michiardi, Giorgio Levy

Strongly bound excitons dominate the optical response in many van der Waals semiconductors, yet distinguishing between the different microscopic processes governing exciton dissociation remains challenging. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES), we independently track exciton and band-edge carrier populations in bulk ReSe$_{\te

Jonah M. Powley, Rebecca J. Smethurst, Chris J. Lintott, Tobias Géron

We introduce a new kinematic disturbance parameter, $\Delta V_{\star-g}$ (pronounced `DVSG'), which takes advantage of integral field spectroscopy (IFS) to quantify differences between a galaxy's stellar and gas velocity maps. The motivation behind $\Delta V_{\star-g}$ is to capture disturbances in the kinematics of a galaxy that might be missed by alternati

Łukasz Tychoniec, Logan Francis, Maria Gabriela Navarro, Jakobus M. Vorster

Protostellar winds can theoretically lift solids from the planet-forming disks, but direct evidence for launched dust has been scarce so far. Numerous atomic lines that are unique to mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths reveal refractories eroded from dust grains and provide information on wind properties in the earliest stages of the star formation process. We pre

Gonzalo Morras, Geraint Pratten, Patricia Schmidt, Alessandra Buonanno

We introduce pyEFPEHM, a post-Newtonian (PN) inspiral waveform model for eccentric and spin-precessing compact binaries that includes higher-order modes and matter effects. Accurate and efficient waveform models capturing these effects are essential for probing compact-binary formation channels and exploiting current and future gravitational-wave (GW) observ

Naixin Liang, Damiano Caprioli

In this second paper in a series dedicated to characterizing shear layers via 2D hybrid (kinetic ions -- fluid electrons) simulations, we study the dynamical role of nonthermal particles (cosmic rays, CRs), either spontaneously generated or pre-existing. We initialize Kolmogorov-type sinusoidal velocity shear flows unstable to the Kelvin--Helmholtz instabili

Ruizhe Shen, Ching Hua Lee

Programmable quantum hardware provides an emerging platform for exploring and controlling non-unitary quantum dynamics through measurement-based operations. In this work, we introduce feedback-directed circuit architectures that integrate spatially structured mid-circuit measurements with real-time conditional operations to steer the evolution of random dyna

Stefano Carniani, Peter Jakobsen, Giacomo Venturi, Francesco D'Eugenio

JWST has revealed an overabundance of very bright, blue galaxies at z>10, raising fundamental questions about how star formation and feedback operate at Cosmic Dawn. We present new JWST/NIRSpec MSA PRISM/CLEAR spectroscopy of JADES-GS-z14-0 (z=14.18) obtained with the JADES and OASIS programmes. While the rest-frame UV continuum flux level and shape are cons

Naixin Liang, S. Peng Oh

Cosmic ray (CR) transport is usually modeled with a single diffusion coefficient, but this description captures only the growth of the variance and not the full transport process. Distinct transport mechanisms can share the same effective diffusion coefficient while producing different particle distributions and approaches to the diffusive limit. This limita

Laurens Walleghem, Carlo Cepollaro

We calculate the response of an Unruh--DeWitt detector in a 2+1d spacetime that contains a BTZ black hole in a superposition of locations as viewed in a reference system associated with the detector. Upon performing a Quantum Reference Frame (QRF) transformation, this can also be seen as a detector in a superposition of locations in a single classical black

Marco S. Bianchi, Luigi Castiglioni, Silvia Penati, Marcia Tenser

Wilson loop operators in ABJM theory provide a rich arena for studying defect conformal field theories (dCFTs) and the renormalization group (RG) flows connecting them. While these are well understood at weak coupling, a complete strong-coupling picture remains an open problem. In this paper, we present a systematic strong-coupling analysis of the fixed poin

Romeo Felice Rosato, Francesco Crescimbeni, Sophia Yi, Emanuele Berti

We present GreyRing, a new model for the post-merger signal in black-hole binary coalescences based on the greybody factor of the remnant. The model accurately reproduces the full frequency-domain ringdown signal of a large set of comparable-mass, aligned-spin numerical relativity waveforms, achieving mismatches of order ${\cal O}(10^{-6})$ for the dominant

Laura Andrianopoli, Dušan Đorđević, Olivera Miskovic

We investigate properties of the five-dimensional Chern--Simons AdS black hole coupled to $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ solitons by means of a minisuperspace approximation adapted to static, spherically symmetric configurations. The reduced action reproduces the known branch of solutions and provides a variational framework in which the boundary terms determine the conse

Shizheng Hou, Wenqi Pei, Nuo Chen, Quang-Trung Ta

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) technology empowers non-expert users to query relational databases without requiring SQL expertise. While large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved NL2SQL algorithms, their rapid development outpaces systematic evaluation, leaving a critical gap in understanding their effectiveness, efficiency, and limitations. To th

Robrecht Keijzer, Simon Maenaut, Henri Inchauspé, Thomas Hertog

We study gravitational wave emission by circular extreme-mass-ratio systems in a spherically symmetric scalar environment. Previous studies have focused on the impact of scalar radiation channels, revealing a rich structure of resonances, sharp features and floating orbits. Through the backreaction of the cloud on the metric, corrections to the gravitational

Raphael Flauger, Alexei G. Kritsuk, Guanhao Sun

Polarized emission from dust and synchrotron radiation from the ISM are the dominant foregrounds for CMB polarization and are a major challenge for extracting the primordial signal on large angular scales. A key characteristic of the galactic foreground emission is its $EE/BB$ ratio. We argue that MHD shocks play an important role in setting the observed $EE

Sergey Alekseev

We study signal propagation at initialization in transformers through the averaged partial Jacobian norm (APJN), a measure of gradient amplification across layers. We extend APJN analysis to transformers with bidirectional attention and permutation-symmetric input token configurations by deriving recurrence relations for activation statistics and APJNs acros

João D. Álvares, Tiago V. Fernandes

A rotating metric solution in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with a negative cosmological constant was recently found in the Chern-Simons point. We construct a rotating thin shell gluing two spacetimes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, using the Davis junction conditions. We take the inner and outer spacetimes as replicas of the same rotating metric, with dif

Yi-Jing Fang, Amit Bhoonah, Kun Cheng, Tao Han

We systematically study the spin correlations and quantum entanglement in transversely polarized electron-positron collisions. We find that the $s$-channel QED process $e^-e^+\to f\bar f$ produces a maximally entangled state in the entire phase space when the initial beams are transversely polarized, while the quantum magic varies in different phase space po

Prerana Biswas, Narendra Nath Patra, Veselina Kalinova

The lopsidedness of galaxies is a commonly observed phenomenon, and through different studies, it has been observed that nearly 30% of galaxies show this phenomenon. In this work, we study morphological lopsidedness in both stellar and gas disks in the inner and outer regions using Fourier analysis techniques and compare the results for a sample of nearby ga

Yossef Zenati, Paz Beniamini, Kenta Hotokezaka

Stellar abundances reveal non-monotonic [Y/Eu] and [Sr/Eu] evolution, a systematic decline with increasing [Eu/H] at low metallicity, a minimum at $[\rm{Eu/H}] \sim -0.3$ and then a rise at high metallicity. This behavior requires at least three distinct neutron-capture sources operating on different timescales. We develop a one-zone chemical-evolution model

Calvin Y. -R. Chen, Euihun Joung, Karapet Mkrtchyan

We present the first formulation of linearised gravity in four dimensions which is manifestly Lorentz covariant and democratic, i.e. treats the two frames related by electric-magnetic duality on equal footing. It is well-known that four-dimensional linearised gravity belongs to a class of singleton representations of the four-dimensional conformal algebra $\

Zhenyuan Wang, Yun Wang

Recent analyses combining DESI DR2 BAO with CMB and SNe Ia data have reported $2.8$--$4.2\sigma$ evidence for dynamical dark energy, but the significance depends strongly on the supernova sample, raising the question of whether this signal reflects new physics, dataset-specific systematics, or the choice of dark energy parameterization. We investigate this q

Birendra Dhanasingham, Patrick L. Kelly, Wenlei Chen, Justin Pierel

The multiply imaged SN 2022riv was discovered through a search of galaxy cluster fields as part of a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) SNAP program to find highly magnified stars. The supernova (SN) was detected in the image corresponding to the longest time delay of a galaxy at redshift $z=1.522$ strongly lensed by the foreground galaxy cluster RX J2129.7+0005.

Akash Anumarlapudi, David L. Kaplan, Natasha Hurley Walker, Stella Koch Ocker

Galactic radio transients (GRTs) are mysterious short-lived (~days to months) radio transients that are quiet at all other wavelengths. Until now, roughly half a dozen such sources have been reported, predominantly towards the Galactic center. However, no unifying properties have been identified among these, leaving their nature, emission mechanism, and even

Yann Valibouse, Martí Cladera-Rosselló, Michael Antesberger, Patrick Lima

Processes with indefinite causal order (ICO), such as the quantum switch, are an emerging resource for quantum tasks and a fundamental test bed for studies of temporal correlations in quantum mechanics. A limitation of past photonic implementations of the quantum switch, however, is their inability to perform measurements inside the switch without either des

Dan Sehayek, Nathaniel Craig

We study the phenomenological consequences of higher symmetry structures in axion effective field theories. Higher-group and non-invertible symmetries impose parametric constraints on the energy scales at which different symmetries can emerge in the infrared, providing a guide to the ultraviolet physics. We clarify and analyze these emergence constraints in

L. C. Debbrecht, G. F. Paraschos, E. Ros, T. P. Krichbaum

Relativistic jets launched by active galactic nuclei are fundamental for understanding the physics of accreting supermassive black holes and their immediate environment, yet the mechanisms driving jet launching remain uncertain. In this study, we investigate the sub-parsec jet of 3C 84 using multi-epoch, multi-frequency, very long baseline interferometry (VL

Yash A. Gursahani, Tingting Liu, Richard Mushotzky, Christopher S. Reynolds

We investigate the possibility of a binary supermassive black hole system at the center of MCG+11--11--032, a local (z = 0.036) Seyfert 2 galaxy. Prior work with stacked Swift/XRT spectra suggested the presence of two Fe K$\alpha$ lines (at 6.16 keV and 6.56 keV) with 2$\sigma$ confidence. This could be consistent with a prediction of several hydrodynamical

Serena A. Cronin, Alberto D. Bolatto, Helena M. Richie, Grant P. Donnelly

We present JWST MIRI and NIRCam imaging of the inner ~5 kpc of the M82 superwind at 0.05-0.375'' (~0.9-6.5 pc) resolution. Targeted filters probe emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; F335M, F360M, F770W, F1130W) and continuum (F250M, F360M). The images reveal a network of cool wind filaments traced by PAHs. PAH surface brightness declines wi

Francesco Iacovelli, Luca Reali, Emanuele Berti, Alessandra Corsi

Next-generation (XG) gravitational-wave detectors, such as Cosmic Explorer (CE) and the Einstein Telescope (ET), will observe compact binary coalescences at unprecedented rates and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Accurate sky localization of these sources is crucial for several aspects of the science case of CE and ET. The localization of most binary black ho

Rhine Samajdar, Mikhail D. Lukin, Valentin Walther

Programmable arrays of neutral Rydberg atoms are one of the leading platforms today for scalable quantum simulation and computation. In these systems, the dipole-dipole interactions between the individual atoms, or qubits, typically result in binary -- i.e., two-body -- couplings. In this work, we develop an experimentally accessible scheme for engineering t

David Nordström, Johan Edstedt, Fredrik Kahl, Georg Bökman

Finding matching keypoints between images is a core problem in 3D computer vision. However, modern matchers struggle with large in-plane rotations. A straightforward mitigation is to learn rotation invariance via data augmentation. However, it remains unclear at which stage rotation invariance should be incorporated. In this paper, we study this in the conte

Xingjian Ran, Shujie Zhang, Weipeng Zhong, Li Luo

Generating high-fidelity 3D indoor scenes remains a significant challenge due to data scarcity and the complexity of modeling intricate spatial relations. Current methods often struggle to scale beyond training distribution to dense scenes or rely on LLMs/VLMs that lack the ability for precise spatial reasoning. Building on top of the observation that object

Mohammed Ezzaldin Babiker Abdullah

The stable operation of off-grid photovoltaic systems requires accurate, computationally efficient solar forecasting. Contemporary deep learning models often suffer from massive computational overhead and physical blindness, generating impossible predictions. This paper introduces the Physics-Informed State Space Model (PISSM) to bridge the gap between effic

Adam Stein, Davis Brown, Hamed Hassani, Mayur Naik

To identify safety violations, auditors often search over large sets of agent traces. This search is difficult because failures are often rare, complex, and sometimes even adversarially hidden and only detectable when multiple traces are analyzed together. These challenges arise in diverse settings such as misuse campaigns, covert sabotage, reward hacking, a

Mihir Prabhudesai, Aryan Satpathy, Yangmin Li, Zheyang Qin

We have witnessed remarkable advances in LLM reasoning capabilities with the advent of DeepSeek-R1. However, much of this progress has been fueled by the abundance of internet question-answer (QA) pairs, a major bottleneck going forward, since such data is limited in scale and concentrated mainly in domains like mathematics. In contrast, other sciences such

Donghao Zhou, Guisheng Liu, Hao Yang, Jiatong Li

In this work, we study Human-Object Interaction Video Generation (HOIVG), which aims to synthesize high-quality human-object interaction videos conditioned on text, reference images, audio, and pose. This task holds significant practical value for automating content creation in real-world applications, such as e-commerce demonstrations, short video productio

Lena S. Oberkircher, Jesujoba O. Alabi, Dietrich Klakow, Jürgen Trouvain

Natural language processing (NLP) and speech technologies have made significant progress in recent years; however, they remain largely focused on standardized language varieties. Dialects, despite their cultural significance and widespread use, are underrepresented in linguistic resources and computational models, resulting in performance disparities. To add

Yuto Harada, Hiro Taiyo Hamada

Using psychological constructs such as the Big Five, large language models (LLMs) can imitate specific personality profiles and predict a user's personality. While LLMs can exhibit behaviors consistent with these constructs, it remains unclear where and how they are represented inside the model and how they relate to behavioral outputs. To address this gap,

WonJin Yoon, Kangyu Zhu, Ian Bulovic, Autumn Sehy

With the recent progress of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a growing interest in applying these models to solve complex and challenging problems. Modern LLMs, capable of processing long contexts and generating verbalized explanations, offer significant potential in addressing real-world applications. However, a critical hurdle in deploying LLMs for p

Dongho Lee, Jae-Hyung Jeon, Pascal Viot, Gleb Oshanin

We study Langevin dynamics with stochastic diffusivity arising from fluctuations of the surrounding medium. The diffusivity is modeled as Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by symmetric dichotomous noise, which confines it to a finite interval. We derive analytical expressions for the short-time probability density function (PDF) of the particle displacement

Federico Moretti, Giovanni Passeri

We study curves on the product of two $K$-trivial surfaces. In the case of the product of two very general abelian surfaces $A_1\times A_2$, we prove that the minimal genus of a non-trivial curve on $A_1\times A_2$ is $6$.

Ricardo Coimbra Brioso, Lorenzo Mondo, Damiano Dei, Nicola Lambri

Accurate delineation of the Clinical Target Volume (CTV) is essential for radiotherapy planning, yet remains time-consuming and difficult to assess, especially for complex treatments such as Total Marrow and Lymph Node Irradiation (TMLI). While deep learning-based auto-segmentation can reduce workload, safe clinical deployment requires reliable cues indicati

Deming Li, Abhay Yadav, Cheng Peng, Rama Chellappa

We present SyncFix, a framework that enforces cross-view consistency during the diffusion-based refinement of reconstructed scenes. SyncFix formulates refinement as a joint latent bridge matching problem, synchronizing distorted and clean representations across multiple views to fix the semantic and geometric inconsistencies. This means SyncFix learns a join

Alec Douglas, Lin Su, Michal Szurek, Robin Groth

When quantum emitters couple indistinguishably to light, they can synchronize into a collective light matter system with radiative properties profoundly different from those of independent particles. To date, the resulting collective effects have largely been confined to point like or homogeneous ensembles. Here, we open access to a qualitatively new collect

P. Chris Fragile, Matthew J. Middleton, Brooks Brasseur, Deepika A. Bollimpalli

In this paper, we report on the first 3D general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of large supercritical accretion discs that are tilted with respect to the black hole spin axis. We explore a range of black hole spin parameters (from $a_* = -0.9$ to 0.9), initial tilts (in the range from $\beta_0 = 0^\circ$ to $30^\circ$), and target ma