AEcroscopyWave: Towards Self-Driving Characterization Platforms for Agentic AI

Abstract

The characterization of electronic materials has traditionally been stratified into two distinct regimens: industry-scale automated systems to inspect materials for defects and ensure quality (such as in the semiconductor industry), and highly customized, operator-driven systems requiring human experts. The former offers high throughput but limited flexibility, whereas the latter is heavily bandwidth-limited but provides research-grade discovery capabilities. Recent advances in "self-driving" characterization tools offer the potential to bridge the two stratified regimes, by the creation of application program interfaces (APIs) that can control hardware, and the integration of AI methods to incorporate autonomy into the process. Here, we discuss our latest developments in AEcroscopyWave, a custom-built characterization platform for the agentic-AI era, that provides unified control of scanning probe microscopes with programmable peripheral instrumentation, highlighting the design choices that are necessary for maximizing the capability of the system and the ease of use for both human and AI agents. The benefits of making heterogeneous scientific instruments accessible, composable and usable by agents is demonstrated by test cases.