Clustering of anterior corneal surface shapes in normal adults

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated a large dataset of normal adult corneal topographies in an exploratory attempt to identify the natural groupings of their 3D shapes, with the practical clinical aim of categorizing the shape of a future generation of biosynthetic corneal implants. Because of the wide range of shapes among normal corneas, we needed to identify a limited number of normal corneal shape categories to guide the conception of different implants to match the patient's own corneal shape category. At this stage of our research, we focused on the anterior surface, which exhibits greater variation in a normal population and is responsible for most of the refractive power of the eye. The corneal surface 3D data used were the anterior elevation maps taken from corneal topographies. Clustering corneal topography elevation maps was performed to reveal the normal corneal shape categories. To facilitate groupings, corneal data had their dimensionality reduced by Zernike polynomial modeling. The resulting clusters were evaluated using different clustering scores, representations and statistical cluster comparisons. While several hard and soft linear and nonlinear clustering methods were tested in this way, k-means proved to be sufficient for this task. The best number of clusters was three and they were primarily differentiated according to corneal curvature (Zernike defocus coefficient). These clusters were related to established clinical parameters, confirming that the algorithm extracted relevant information based solely on the normal 3D shape of corneas.