Band's Geometry Origin of Quantum Spin Transport Phenomena

Abstract

We develop a geometric description of spin-dependent transport based on the local geometric structure of electronic bands and the Fermi surfaces. For quasi-two-dimensional systems, we show that hyperbolic regions of constant-energy surfaces generate a geometrical contribution to the Fermi velocity that couples naturally to electron spin and produces a spin-current response. We further show that, in the presence of time-reversal symmetry, the algebra of spin operators can be related to the exterior algebra of the band's tangent space, providing an additional geometric interpretation of spin in momentum space. This framework motivates a symplectic description of spin-separated transport on Fermi surfaces and its extension to three-dimensional band manifolds through contact geometry. Our results establish a direct connection between Fermi-surface geometry and intrinsic spin transport.