Coherently Enhanced Cherenkov Radiation by Highly Relativistic and Ultra-Compact Electron Beams

Abstract

Cherenkov radiation is emitted when charged particles penetrate dielectric media with velocity higher than the speed of light in the medium. Recent developments in plasma-based accelerator research enable creation of highly relativistic electron beams with femtosecond length and tens of micrometer scale radii, at energies of up to several GeV. Here, we consider Cherenkov radiation emitted by such extreme beams penetrating a gas target with refractive index very close to one. We demonstrate coherent enhancement in the emitted Cherenkov radiation up to the optical or even near-ultraviolet regime, which is due to the high beam energy and density. We also explore the dependence of the coherently enhanced Cherenkov radiation spectrum on the beam shape.