Spin-textured orbitals in altermagnetic artificial atoms

Abstract

Artificial atoms provide a versatile platform for engineering atomic-like orbitals, yet spin generally remains a passive degree of freedom in their orbital structure. Here, we introduce the concept of altermagnetic artificial atoms formed by confining electrons with momentum-dependent spin splitting. We show that altermagnetism reconstructs conventional confined orbitals into spin-textured orbitals, with spatially distinct distributions of opposite spin components. The resulting confined spectrum retains a twofold degeneracy protected by the combined $C_{4z}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry. These spin textures persist in higher-energy states, where additional radial structures combine with the characteristic angular spin pattern. Furthermore, strain resolves the degenerate orbital pairs into spin-polarized states, and continuously tunes their energy splitting. Our results establish altermagnetic artificial atoms as a route to engineering spin-dependent orbital structures in quantum-confined systems.