Long-term performance of non-ALD MCP-PMTs in the high-radiation environment of ALICE

Abstract

The Fast Interaction Trigger detector of the ALICE apparatus at the LHC includes a Cherenkov subsystem utilizing 52 Planacon XP85002/FIT-Q microchannel plate-based photomultiplier tubes. It is a precise trigger, multiplicity and luminosity detector located in the forward region, where the flux of collision products is the largest. The photon load reaches up to 2*10^8 photoelectrons / cm^2 / s for the innermost photosensors, corresponding to 0.4 μA / cm^2 average anode current density. The lifetime-extended version of the Planacon MCP-PMT with atomic layer deposition cannot handle such a large anode current. We therefore use the non-ALD version of the Planacons that, on the other hand, suffer from a limited lifetime in terms of the integrated anode charge. Here we present the long-term performance trends of the non-ALD Planacons up to the integrated anode charge of 2 C / cm^2. We demonstrate that the low-gain operation strategy allows to maintain excellent time resolution in multiphoton mode unchanged up to that large integrated charge. While the majority of the equally illuminated MCP-PMTs feature almost identical ageing speed, two outliers suffering from a faster ageing coincide with the outliers in the noise characteristics measured prior to the irradiation. Moreover, we report that the effective ageing speed is partially suppressed by the self-recovery of the response of aged MCP-PMTs newly observed by our group during months-long no-beam periods.