Resolving 3 Exotic Hyperbolic-Umbilic Lensing Configurations in the "Cosmic Mantis": An Exploration of RXJ0437.1+0043 with JWST

Abstract

We present an updated strong lensing model for the galaxy cluster RXJ0437.1+0043 (z=0.285) using new JWST NIRCam imaging in four pass-bands. The cluster field notably displays at least three separate gravitationally lensed galaxies in hyperbolic-umbilic (H-U) configurations, which in the JWST imaging show exquisitely resolved stellar clumps at scales as small as 0.04&#39;&#39;. We identify 13 new systems of multiply-imaged lensed galaxies and determine the redshifts for two sources based on archival spectroscopic observations. We also identify over 50 individually resolved substructure clumps in the multiple images of eight galaxies and add them into the lens model, for a total of 275 positional lensing constraints between all 26 lensed sources used in the model. We investigate the impact of different modeling choices on our results. In the final lens model, we reproduce the observed multiple images with a precision of 0.23&#39;&#39; , and achieve 0.13&#39;&#39; specifically for the H-U systems. We estimate a total enclosed mass in the cluster&#39;s strong lensing regime of M(<110 kpc) ~ 8.2 x 10^13 Msun, reconstruct the source images of the most highly magnified galaxies, and measure time delays in the most magnified, morphologically detailed systems. The isotropic lensing effect from the H-U configurations enables future detailed studies of the properties of their source galaxies, and the number and spatial density of additional constraints improve the model&#39;s ability to detect dark matter substructures within the cluster core.