Beyond 11/16: dense Kuramoto networks that resist synchrony

Abstract

How densely must a network of identical Kuramoto oscillators be wired before synchrony is its only stable state? The answer is a critical connectivity $μ_c$ (the minimum degree divided by $n-1$), known to satisfy $11/16\leμ_c<3/4$. We raise the lower bound from $11/16=0.6875$ to $μ_c\ge(4+2q^*)/(7+q^*)=0.6929077\ldots$, where $q^*\approx0.6506$ is a root of an explicit polynomial of degree 8. The networks approaching this bound carry stable states that hug the four-cluster state: three neighboring clusters each split into two slightly separated halves, and the four crossed links between neighboring halves (those whose phase gap deviates most from a quarter turn) have densities approaching $q^*$. We build these networks from a coarse-grained cluster model, verify stability with interval arithmetic, and blow the model up into large networks with an exact minimum degree. The states are fragile and easily missed by numerical searches that impose stability margins.