Effect of deuteration on methane cluster stability

Abstract

The evaporation from clusters of mixed deuterated and protonated methane molecules has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Only loss of the two components CH$_4$ and CD$_4$ is observed, showing the absence of hydrogen scrambling. The branching ratio of the two channels scales with the mole fractions of the isotopologues, corresponding to a fixed ratio of 1.5 for the CH$_4$ and CD$_4$ rates. The number is explained by the combined effect of the zero-point energies found in quantum chemical calculations and the use of detailed balance to describe the evaporation process, the latter by incorporating the moment of inertia of the two isotopologue molecules and their rotational degrees of freedom. The difference in evaporative activation energies is determined to be 6.1~\% and 6.8~\% from two experimental determinations and 8.7~\% theoretically with B3LYP+GD3BJ, corresponding to 5--7~meV. The same theory finds the CH$_4$ activation energy to be 83.8 meV, close to the experimental bulk value of 84.7 meV. Differences in Helmholtz free energies of decay products are extracted from the experimental data, yielding the molecular mixing as the only contribution to the entropy term.