Interaction of Sustained Vortex Shedding with a Phononic Subsurface: Effect of Positioning and Resonant Characteristics

Abstract

Phononic materials (PMs) have emerged as a promising candidate to passively and beneficially interact with unsteady flows. However, their fluid-structure interaction (FSI) with separated flows exhibiting sustained periodic vortex shedding remains completely unexplored. In this study, we use a high-fidelity immersed boundary method to investigate the strongly coupled, nonlinear FSI dynamics of vortex shedding from a fully separated flow over a flat plate, with an embedded PM subsurface (PSub) modeled as a grounded diatomic chain driving a compliant section on the flat plate. We probe the dependence of the coupled system dynamics on two parameters: (1) the PSub chordwise position, which sets its spatial relationship to the flow structure, and (2) the rate of growth of the resonant displacement amplitude of a PSub, a behavioral parameter identified as a key driving parameter in PSub interaction with latent vortex shedding in prior work. Simulation results show that these two parameters drive clear and systematic changes to the limit-cycle vortex shedding. The PSub chordwise position determines the limit cycle PM-FSI dynamics, which can be classified into four distinct regimes as a function of position, ranging from substantial amplification to strong attenuation of lift and drag oscillation amplitudes in the limit cycle. Results reveal a configuration that reduces lift oscillation amplitude by over 30% and drag oscillation amplitude by over 50% with less than 0.5% change in mean lift and drag. Displacement amplitude envelope primarily governs transient responsiveness toward the limit cycle, where its influence also depends on the chordwise position. We analyze characteristic frequencies, the phase relationship between PSub displacement and lift, and unsteady and mean flow fields of the vortex-shedding process to explain mechanisms by which the PM modifies the flow.