Cross-Platform Verification of Continuous-Variable Quantum Systems

Abstract

Cross-platform verification compares output states of independently operated bosonic and quantum optical systems when classical predictions and joint measurements are unavailable. Continuous-variable distributed inner product estimation (CV-DIPE) provides a local measurement approach, but infinite-dimensional state spaces require rigorous control of truncation error. We develop three CV-DIPE protocols for the natural class of energy-constrained continuous-variable quantum states. One uses coordinated displaced parity, another coordinated Haar measurements, and the third independent homodyne shadows. For arbitrary multimode inputs in this class, including entangled and non-Gaussian states, we establish truncation error bounds and worst-case sample complexity guarantees for the exact inner product. The leading terms of these bounds favor coordinated Haar measurements, whose global implementation is experimentally challenging. These protocols provide certified strategies for cross-platform verification of continuous-variable systems using only local measurement data.