Propagation invariant one-dimensional flat-top vector beam with conserved topology

Abstract

We report the generation and control of a propagation invariant one-dimensional flat-top vector beam through the digitally controlled superposition of a first-order petal- and Gaussian- mode each marked with orthogonal polarizations. We present a detailed analysis of the spatial and polarization profiles and unveil their intricate topological features, showing that they have properties that are invariant to the propagation dynamics, in addition to their preserved intensity. The differential Gouy phase between the spatial components is shown to rotate the great circle traced by the polarisation distribution on the Poincaré sphere. Finally, we assess the beams for laser cutting and optical trapping, highlighting the relevance of topological structured light to these applications.