A Construction Framework for Three-Dimensional Topological Magnetic Textures

Abstract

Three-dimensional magnetic systems offer diverse possibilities for constructing complex topological textures from simpler magnetic configurations. Here, we present different routes for constructing complex three-dimensional magnetic textures from simpler parent configurations and discuss their impact on the topology of the resulting structures. We identify four construction principles: (i) adding transverse modulations, (ii) adding structures, (iii) entangling textures (e.g. braiding, or twisting), and (iv) introducing singularities. Using the skyrmion tube as an explicit parent configuration, we show how these principles give rise to several known three-dimensional magnetic textures. We then apply the same principles to predict novel textures derived from a meron tube, which are confirmed by micromagnetic simulations to be metastable in chiral magnets. Our results establish general principles for the systematic construction and discovery of complex three-dimensional magnetic textures.