Fine Structure in Magnetization of Individual Fluxoid States

Abstract

Each time a vortex enters or exits a small superconductor, a different fluxoid state develops. We have observed splitting and sharp kinks on magnetization curves of such individual states. The features are the manifestation of first and second order transitions, respectively, and reveal the existence of distinct vortex phases within a superconducting state with a fixed number of fluxoids. We show that the kinks indicate the merger of individual vortices into a single giant vortex while the splitting is attributed to transitions between different arrays of the same number of vortices.