Towards A Consistent Modeling Of Protein Thermodynamic And Kinetic Cooperativity: How Applicable Is The Transition State Picture To Folding and Unfolding?

Abstract

To what extent do general features of folding/unfolding kinetics of small globular proteins follow from their thermodynamic properties? To address this question, we investigate a new simplifed protein chain model that embodies a cooperative interplay between local conformational preferences and hydrophobic burial. The present four-helix-bundle 55mer model exhibits proteinlike calorimetric two-state cooperativity. It rationalizes native-state hydrogen exchange observations. Our analysis indicates that a coherent, self-consistent physical account of both the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the model leads naturally to the concept of a native state ensemble that encompasses considerable confomational fluctuations. Such a multiple-conformation native state is seen to involve conformational states similar to those revealed by native-state hydrogen exchange. Many of these conformational states are predicted to lie below native baselines commonly used in interpreting calorimetric data. Folding and unfolding kinetics are studied under a range of intrachain interaction strengths as in experimental chevron plots. Kinetically determined transition midpoints match well with their thermodynamic counterparts. Kinetic relaxations are found to be essentially single exponential over an extended range of model interaction strengths. This includes the entire unfolding regime and a significant part of a folding regime with ...