Aging properties of an anomalously diffusing particle

Abstract

We report new results about the two-time dynamics of an anomalously diffusing classical particle, as described by the generalized Langevin equation with a frequency-dependent noise and the associated friction. The noise is defined by its spectral density proportional to $ω^{δ-1}$ at low frequencies, with $0<δ<1$ (subdiffusion) or $1<δ<2$ (superdiffusion). Using Laplace analysis, we derive analytic expressions in terms of Mittag-Leffler functions for the correlation functions of the velocity and of the displacement. While the velocity thermalizes at large times (slowly, in contrast to the standard Brownian motion case $δ=1$), the displacement never attains equilibrium: it ages. We thus show that this feature of normal diffusion is shared by a subdiffusive or superdiffusive motion. We provide a closed form analytic expression for the fluctuation-dissipation ratio characterizing aging.