Non-linear sigma model approach to quantum spin chains

Abstract

We introduce and motivate the study of quantum spin chains on a one-dimensional lattice. We classify the varieties of methods that have been used to study these models into three categories, - a) exact methods to study specific models b) field theories to describe fluctuations about the classical ordered phases and c) numerical methods. We then discuss the $J_1$-$J_2$-$\delta$ model in some detail and end with a few comments on open problems.