Pairing with non-opposite momentum in superconductors

Abstract

The basic feature of the BCS theory is that pairing occurs between electrons in states with opposite momentum and opposite spins, e.g., between states (k) and (-k), in which the symbols of vectors are neglected, and later theories followed the BCS theory. However, since the center of mass for any pair is not always static, we must consider the pairing between states (k) and (-k+q). In this letter, we derive a set of self-consistent equations for the correlation functions associated with the pairs that have non-opposite momentums, in which we find some new results. This means that some physics associated with superconductors should be re-explained in futures.