Two-fluid hydrodynamics of a Bose gas including damping from normal fluid transport coefficients

Abstract

We extend our recent work on the two-fluid hydrodynamics of the condensate and non-condensate in a trapped Bose gas by including the dissipation associated with viscosity and thermal conduction. For purposes of illustration, we consider the hydrodynamic modes in the case of a uniform Bose gas. A finite thermal conductivity and shear viscosity give rise to a damping of the first and second sound modes in addition to that found previously due to the lack of diffusive equilibrium between the condensate and non-condensate. The relaxational mode associated with this equilibration process is strongly coupled to thermal fluctuations and reduces to the usual thermal diffusion mode above the Bose-Einstein transition. In contrast to the standard Landau two-fluid hydrodynamics, we predict a damped mode centered at zero frequency, in addition to the usual second sound doublet.