Quantum dynamics of charged and neutral magnetic solitons: Spin-charge separation in the one-dimensional Hubbard model

Abstract

We demonstrate that the Configuration Interaction (CI) Approximation recaptures essential features of the exact (Bethe Ansatz) solution to the 1D Hubbard model. As such, it provides valuable route for describing effects which go beyond mean-field theory for strongly correlated electron systems in higher dimensions. The CI method systematically describes fluctuation and quantum tunneling corrections to the Hartree-Fock Approximation (HFA). HFA predicts that doping a half-filled Hubbard chain leads to the appearance of charged spin-polarons or charged domain-wall solitons in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) background. The CI method, on the other hand, describes the quantum dynamics of these charged magnetic solitons and quantum tunneling effects between various mean-field configurations. In this paper, we test the accuracy of the CI method against the exact solution of the one-dimensional Hubbard model. We find remarkable agreement between the energy of the mobile charged bosonic domain-wall (as given by the CI method) and the exact energy of the doping hole (as given by the Bethe Ansatz) for the entire $U/t$ range. The CI method also leads to a clear demonstration of the spin-charge separation in 1D. Addition of one doping hole to the half-filled antiferromagnetic chain results in the appearance of two different carriers: a charged bosonic domain-wall (which carries the charge but no spin) and a neutral spin-1/2 domain wall (which carries the spin but no charge).