Development of a multi-pixel photon sensor with single-photon sensitivity
Abstract
A multi-pixel photon sensor with single-photon sensitivity has been developed, based on a technology of a hybrid photo-detector (HPD) consisting of a photocathode and a multi-pixel avalanche diode (MP-AD). The developed HPD has a proximity focused structure, where a photocathode and an MP-AD are facing each other with a small gap of 2.5 mm. The MP-AD, which has an effective area of 16x16 mm2 composed of 8x8 pixels, has been specially designed for the HPD. The gain of the HPD reaches 5x104, sufficiently high to detect single photons with a timing resolution better than 100 ps. Number of photoelectrons up to four can be clearly identified in a pulse-height spectrum as distinct peaks, thanks to the low noise characteristics of the HPD. It is also demonstrated that the HPD can be operated with good performance in a magnetic field as high as 1.5 T
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