Creating a universe from thermodynamic thought experiments II -- exploring a basis for structure and force

Abstract

Assuming that the universe is a system obedient to known thermodynamic laws and equations, here we explore whether it is a possibility for the universe to exist and evolve without any cosmic structure or force necessarily emerging within it. From symmetry considerations and the invariance of Boltzmann's constant during the experiment, we infer that it is an inevitable occurrence that structure and force will appear during transformation of the created universe.