January 2019 arXiv papers — page 57

Ziwen Ke, Shanshan Wang, Huitao Cheng, Leslie Ying

Dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has generated great research interest, as it can provide both spatial and temporal information for clinical diagnosis. However, slow imaging speed or long scanning time is still one of the challenges for dynamic MR imaging. Most existing methods reconstruct Dynamic MR images from incomplete k-space data under the guida

Unni V. S., Sanjay Ghosh, Kunal N. Chaudhury

In plug-and-play image restoration, the regularization is performed using powerful denoisers such as nonlocal means (NLM) or BM3D. This is done within the framework of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), where the regularization step is formally replaced by an off-the-shelf denoiser. Each plug-and-play iteration involves the inversion of the

Gustavo Goretkin, Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Tomás Lozano-Pérez

This paper addresses the problem of planning for a robot with a directional obstacle-detection sensor that must move through a cluttered environment. The planning objective is to remain safe by finding a path for the complete robot, including sensor, that guarantees that the robot will not move into any part of the workspace before it has been seen by the se

Shufang Zhu, Geguang Pu, Moshe Y. Vardi

Translating formulas of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) over finite traces, or LTLf, to symbolic Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) plays an important role not only in LTLf synthesis, but also in synthesis for Safety LTL formulas. The translation is enabled by using MONA, a powerful tool for symbolic, BDD-based, DFA construction from logic specifications. Recen

ChangQing Luo, XiaoBin. Zhang, Kun Wang, Chao Liu

We present long-term, multi-color photometric monitoring and spectroscopic observations of the short-period M-type eclipsing binary BX Tri. Six flare events were recorded in 4 years from 2014 to 2017. Three of them were detected on one night within an orbital cycle. The strongest one was identified on December 23, 2014. With the amplitudes of $Δ$B=0.48 mag,

Yijia Zhang, Zhiyong Lu

The biomedical literature provides a rich source of knowledge such as protein-protein interactions (PPIs), drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and chemical-protein interactions (CPIs). Biomedical relation extraction aims to automatically extract biomedical relations from biomedical text for various biomedical research. State-of-the-art methods for biomedical relat

B. L. S. Prakasa Rao

We obtain a Berry-Esseen type bound for the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the drift parameter for fractional Ornstein-uhlenbeck type process driven by sub-fractional Brownian motion.

Yuefang Sun, Xiaoyan Zhang, Zhao Zhang

Boesch and Chen (SIAM J. Appl. Math., 1978) introduced the cut-version of the generalized edge-connectivity, named $k$-edge-connectivity. For any integer $k$ with $2\leq k\leq n$, the {\em $k$-edge-connectivity} of a graph $G$, denoted by $λ_k(G)$, is defined as the smallest number of edges whose removal from $G$ produces a graph with at least $k$ components

Artem V. Sergeev, Alexander V. Chertovich

The chronoamperometric measurements performed with rotating ring-disc electrode become a one of the standard techniques for the diffusion coefficient determination. However, the theoretical estimation of the transit time on which the technique is based is not strictly connected to the apparent time interval measured in the experiments. Therefore, we employed

Yubin Xia, Qingyuan Liu, Cheng Tan, Jing Leng

Decentralized Internet is booming. People are fascinated by its promise that users can truly own their data. However, in a decentralized Internet, completing a task usually involves multiple nodes with mutual distrust. Such distrust might eventually become a major obstacle for the growth of the decentralized Internet. In this paper, we analyze the distrust u

Xinghao Chen, Yan Li

A grid of theoretical models are computed to fit the 9 oscillation modes of IP Per detected earlier from a multi-site ground-based campaign. Fitting results show that there are two sets of theoretical models that could reproduce the observed frequencies more or less euqally well. In view of other available spectroscopic and photometric measurements, our best

Kai Wang, Lin Chen, Lijun Zhao, Yumin Guo

We show that there are six inequivalent $4\times4$ unextendible product bases (UPBs) of size eight, when we consider only 4-qubit product vectors. We apply our results to construct Positive-Partial-Transpose entangled states of rank nine. They are at the same 4-qubit, $2\times2\times4$ and $4\times4$ states, and their ranges have product vectors. One of the

R. Shyam, K. Tsushima

We investigate within a quark-meson coupling (QMC) model, the structure of the bound $Ξ^-$ hypernucleus $^{15}{\!\!\!_{Ξ^-}}$C ($^{14}$N + $Ξ^-$), which has been observed in a recent analysis of the KEK-E373 experiment. In the QMC model, light quarks in nonoverlapping nucleon and $Ξ^-$ bags interact self-consistently with isoscalar-scalar ($σ$), isoscalar-ve

Michael Shum, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Michael L. Littman, Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Human social behavior is structured by relationships. We form teams, groups, tribes, and alliances at all scales of human life. These structures guide multi-agent cooperation and competition, but when we observe others these underlying relationships are typically unobservable and hence must be inferred. Humans make these inferences intuitively and flexibly,

Sheng He, Lambert Schomaker

This paper presents a novel iterative deep learning framework and apply it for document enhancement and binarization. Unlike the traditional methods which predict the binary label of each pixel on the input image, we train the neural network to learn the degradations in document images and produce the uniform images of the degraded input images, which allows

Yuan Guo, Jennifer Dy, Deniz Erdogmus, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer

Pairwise comparison labels are more informative and less variable than class labels, but generating them poses a challenge: their number grows quadratically in the dataset size. We study a natural experimental design objective, namely, D-optimality, that can be used to identify which $K$ pairwise comparisons to generate. This objective is known to perform we

Hai Zhao, Deng Cai, Changning Huang, Chunyu Kit

This paper reviews the development of Chinese word segmentation (CWS) in the most recent decade, 2007-2017. Special attention was paid to the deep learning technologies that has already permeated into most areas of natural language processing (NLP). The basic view we have arrived at is that compared to traditional supervised learning methods, neural network

Wei-Cheng Chang, Chun-Liang Li, Yiming Yang, Barnabás Póczos

Detecting the emergence of abrupt property changes in time series is a challenging problem. Kernel two-sample test has been studied for this task which makes fewer assumptions on the distributions than traditional parametric approaches. However, selecting kernels is non-trivial in practice. Although kernel selection for two-sample test has been studied, the

Bhaskar Kanseri, Hem Chandra Kandpal

An experimental study is conducted to show the effect of the change in bandwidth of light on the spectral degree of coherence at a pair of points in the cross-section of a beam. For this purpose a polychromatic source and a monochromator with variable entrance and exit slits were used to produce a variable bandwidth source. The classic Youngs interferometer

Qi Lü, Xu Zhang

A widely used stochastic wave equation is the classical wave equation perturbed by a term of Itô's integral. We show that this equation is not exactly controllable even if the controls are effective everywhere in both the drift and the diffusion terms and also on the boundary. In some sense this means that some key feature has been ignored in this model.

Takushi Oka, Shingo Tajima, Ryoya Ebisuoka, Taiki Hirahara

Monolayer graphene and bilayer graphene have strikingly different properties. One such difference is the shape of the Fermi surface. Although anisotropic band structures can be detected in optical measurements, they have so far been difficult to detect in transport experiments on twodimensional materials. Here we describe a ballistic transport experiment usi

L. Sabin, Q. Zhang, R. Vázquez, W. Steffen

We present a polarimetric investigation of the protoplanetary nebula Frosty Leo performed with the Submillimeter Array. We were able to detect, in the low continuum level (peak at 14.4 mJy beam$^{-1}$), a marginal polarization at $\sim2.6σ$. The molecular line investigation based on the CO $J=3\rightarrow2$ emission shows a peak emission of 68.1 Jy beam$^{-1

Yongpan Huang, Dongsheng Li, Kai Zhang

In this paper, we give pointwise geometric conditions on the boundary which guarantee the differentiability of the solution at the boundary. Precisely, the geometric conditions are two parts: the proper blow up condition (see Definition 1) and the exterior Dini hypersurface condition (see Definition 2). If $Ω$ satisfies this two conditions at $x_0\in\partial

Dongsheng Li, Kai Zhang

In this paper, we generalize the $W^{2,p}$ interior estimates of fully nonlinear elliptic equations that were obtained by Caffarelli in [1]. The generalizations are carried out in two directions. One is that we relax the regularity requirement on the "constant coefficients" equations and the other one is that we broaden the range of $p$.

Dongsheng Li, Kai Zhang

In this paper, a geometric condition on domains will be given which guarantees the boundary differentiability of solutions of elliptic equations, that is, the solutions are differentiable at any boundary point. We will show that this geometric condition is optimal.

D. Wu, Q. M. Liu, S. L. Chen, G. Y. Zhong

We report a novel quasi-two dimensional compound of EuTe4 hosting charge density waves (CDW) instability. The compound has a crystallographic structure in a orthorhombic space group Pmmn (No.59) with cell parameters a = 4.6347(2)Å, b = 4.5119(2)Å, c = 15.6747(10)Å at room temperature. The pristine structure contains consecutive near-square Te sheets separate

Yuanyuan Lian, Kai Zhang

In this paper, we obtain the boundary pointwise $C^{1,α}$ and $C^{2,α}$ regularity for viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear elliptic equations. I.e., If $\partial Ω$ is $C^{1,α}$ (or $C^{2,α}$) at $x_0\in \partial Ω$, the solution is $C^{1,α}$ (or $C^{2,α}$) at $x_0$. Our results are new even for the Laplace equation. Moreover, our proofs are simple.

Will Brian, Alan Dow

We introduce and analyze a new cardinal characteristic of the continuum, the \emph{splitting number of the reals}, denoted $\mathfrak{s}(\mathbb R)$. This number is connected to Efimov's problem, which asks whether every infinite compact Hausdorff space must contain either a non-trivial convergent sequence, or else a copy of $β\mathbb N$.

Wenqing Hu, Zhanxing Zhu, Haoyi Xiong, Jun Huan

We interpret the variational inference of the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) as minimizing a new potential function named the \textit{quasi-potential}. We analytically construct the quasi-potential function in the case when the loss function is convex and admits only one global minimum point. We show in this case that the quasi-potential function is relat

Umut Simsekli, Levent Sagun, Mert Gurbuzbalaban

The gradient noise (GN) in the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is often considered to be Gaussian in the large data regime by assuming that the classical central limit theorem (CLT) kicks in. This assumption is often made for mathematical convenience, since it enables SGD to be analyzed as a stochastic differential equation (SDE) driven by a Brow

R. L. Becerra, A. M. Watson, N. Fraija, N. R. Butler

We present optical photometry of the afterglow of the long GRB 180205A with the COATLI telescope from 217 seconds to about 5 days after the {\itshape Swift}/BAT trigger. We analyse this photometry in the conjunction with the X-ray light curve from {\itshape Swift}/XRT. The late-time light curves and spectra are consistent with the standard forward-shock scen

P. Ramya, Bacham E. Reddy, David L. Lambert

An abundance analysis for 20 elements from Na to Eu is reported for 34 K giants from the Hyades supercluster and for 22 K giants from the Sirius supercluster. Observed giants were identified as highly probable members of their respective superclusters by Famaey et al. (2005, A&A, 430, 165). Three giants each from the Hyades and Praesepe open clusters were si

Zizheng Yan, Xiaoguang Han, Changmiao Wang, Yuda Qiu

Diabetic retinopathy is the most important complication of diabetes. Early diagnosis of retinal lesions helps to avoid visual loss or blindness. Due to high-resolution and small-size lesion regions, applying existing methods, such as U-Nets, to perform segmentation on fundus photography is very challenging. Although downsampling the input images could simpli

Si Lu

Patch-based denoising algorithms like BM3D have achieved outstanding performance. An important idea for the success of these methods is to exploit the recurrence of similar patches in an input image to estimate the underlying image structures. However, in these algorithms, the similar patches used for denoising are obtained via Nearest Neighbour Search (NNS)

Theresa Breiner, Chieu Nguyen, Daan van Esch, Jeremy O'Brien

We present our approach to automatically designing and implementing keyboard layouts on mobile devices for typing low-resource languages written in the Latin script. For many speakers, one of the barriers in accessing and creating text content on the web is the absence of input tools for their language. Ease in typing in these languages would lower technolog

Harry Joe, Haijun Li

Skew-elliptical distributions constitute a large class of multivariate distributions that account for both skewness and a variety of tail properties. This class has simpler representations in terms of densities rather than cumulative distribution functions, and the tail density approach has previously been developed to study tail properties when multivariate

Michael B. Giles, Mario Hefter, Lukas Mayer, Klaus Ritter

We study the approximation of expectations $\E(f(X))$ for solutions $X$ of SDEs and functionals $f \colon C([0,1],\R^r) \to \R$ by means of restricted Monte Carlo algorithms that may only use random bits instead of random numbers. We consider the worst case setting for functionals $f$ from the Lipschitz class w.r.t.\ the supremum norm. We construct a random

Kevin W. Aiton, Tobin A. Driscoll

Spectral polynomial approximation of smooth functions allows real-time manipulation of and computation with them, as in the Chebfun system. Extension of the technique to two-dimensional and three-dimensional functions on hyperrectangles has mainly focused on low-rank approximation. While this method is very effective for some functions, it is highly anisotro

Jaeuk Kim, Salvatore Torquato

Disordered hyperuniform dispersions are exotic amorphous two-phase materials characterized by an anomalous suppression of long-wavelength volume-fraction fluctuations, endowing them with novel physical properties. While such unusual materials have received considerable attention, a stumbling block has been an inability to create large samples that are truly

Emil M. Prodanov

A novel method with two variations is proposed with which the number of positive and negative zeros of a polynomial with real coefficients and degree $n$ can be restricted with significantly better determinacy than that provided by the Descartes rule of signs and also isolate quite successfully the zeros of the polynomial. The method relies on solving equati

M. A. Skugoreva, M. Sami, N. Jaman

In this paper we consider a scalar field system with a class of potentials given by the expression, $V(\phi)\propto \phi^m {\rm exp}({-\lambda \phi^n/{M^n_{Pl}}})$; $m\geqslant 0, n>1$ for which $\Gamma=V_{\phi \phi}V/V^2_{\phi}\to 1 $ as $|\phi|\to \infty$. We carry out dynamical analysis for the underlying system choosing a suitable set of autonomous varia

A. Deisting, C. Garabatos, P. Gasik, D. Baitinger

Secondary discharges, which consist of the breakdown of a gap near a GEM foil upon a primary discharge across that GEM, are studied in this work. Their main characteristics are the occurrence a few $10\,\mu \textrm{s}$ after the primary, the relatively sharp onset at moderate electric fields across the gap, the absence of increased fields in the system, and

Emile Mathieu, Charline Le Lan, Chris J. Maddison, Ryota Tomioka

The variational auto-encoder (VAE) is a popular method for learning a generative model and embeddings of the data. Many real datasets are hierarchically structured. However, traditional VAEs map data in a Euclidean latent space which cannot efficiently embed tree-like structures. Hyperbolic spaces with negative curvature can. We therefore endow VAEs with a P

Asifullah Khan, Anabia Sohail, Umme Zahoora, Aqsa Saeed Qureshi

Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a special type of Neural Networks, which has shown exemplary performance on several competitions related to Computer Vision and Image Processing. Some of the exciting application areas of CNN include Image Classification and Segmentation, Object Detection, Video Processing, Natural Language Processing, and Speech Re

Antonio M. García-García, Tomoki Nosaka, Dario Rosa, Jacobus J. M. Verbaarschot

It has been recently proposed by Maldacena and Qi that an eternal traversable wormhole in a two dimensional Anti de Sitter space (${\rm AdS}_2$) is the gravity dual of the low temperature limit of two Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models coupled by a relevant interaction (which we will refer to as spin operator). In this paper, we study spectral and eigenstate pro

Han Lin Shang

Univariate time series often take the form of a collection of curves observed sequentially over time. Examples of these include hourly ground-level ozone concentration curves. These curves can be viewed as a time series of functions observed at equally spaced intervals over a dense grid. Since functional time series may contain various types of outliers, we

Dhruv Mubayi, Alexander Razborov

Given $s \ge k\ge 3$, let $h^{(k)}(s)$ be the minimum $t$ such that there exist arbitrarily large $k$-uniform hypergraphs $H$ whose independence number is at most polylogarithmic in the number of vertices and in which every $s$ vertices span at most $t$ edges. Erd\H os and Hajnal conjectured (1972) that $h^{(k)}(s)$ can be calculated precisely using a recurs

E. Boujo, M. Sellier

This paper investigates the flow of a solidifying liquid film on a solid surface subject to a complex kinematics, a process relevant to pancake making and surface coating. The flow is modeled using the lubrication approximation, with a gravity force whose magnitude and direction depend on the time-dependent orientation of the surface. Solidification is model

Rahul Rama Varior, Bing Shuai, Joseph Tighe, Davide Modolo

In crowd counting datasets, people appear at different scales, depending on their distance from the camera. To address this issue, we propose a novel multi-branch scale-aware attention network that exploits the hierarchical structure of convolutional neural networks and generates, in a single forward pass, multi-scale density predictions from different layer

Nana Ma, Chris James Halcrow, Hongfei Zhang

The Coulomb effect, an essential ingredient in nuclear systems, is quantitatively investigated for certain Skyrmions within the Skyrme model. To do this we calculate the Coulomb energy from numerically generated multi-Skyrmions and, simultaneously, introduce an effective alpha-like particle approximation for large Skyrmions with baryon number $B$, where $B$

Fernanda Madeiral, Simon Urli, Marcelo Maia, Martin Monperrus

Benchmarks of bugs are essential to empirically evaluate automatic program repair tools. In this paper, we present Bears, a project for collecting and storing bugs into an extensible bug benchmark for automatic repair studies in Java. The collection of bugs relies on commit building state from Continuous Integration (CI) to find potential pairs of buggy and

Nicolai Kraus, Jakob von Raumer

The study of equality types is central to homotopy type theory. Characterizing these types is often tricky, and various strategies, such as the encode-decode method, have been developed. We prove a theorem about equality types of coequalizers and pushouts, reminiscent of an induction principle and without any restrictions on the truncation levels. This resul

Martin Tegnér, Stephen Roberts

The local volatility model is a widely used for pricing and hedging financial derivatives. While its main appeal is its capability of reproducing any given surface of observed option prices---it provides a perfect fit---the essential component is a latent function which can be uniquely determined only in the limit of infinite data. To (re)construct this func

Dan Li, Sonia Martinez

This paper considers a class of real-time stochastic optimization problems dependent on an unknown probability distribution. In the considered scenario, data is streaming frequently while trying to reach a decision. Thus, we aim to devise a procedure that incorporates samples (data) of the distribution sequentially and adjusts decisions accordingly. We appro

S. J. Curran

There is a well known disparity between the evolution the star formation rate density, ψ*, and the abundance of neutral hydrogen (HI), the raw material for star formation. Recently, however, we have shown that ψ* may be correlated with the fraction of cool atomic gas, as traced through the 21-cm absorption of HI. This is expected since star formation require

Ramin Golestanian

Due to their remarkable properties, systems that exhibit self-organization of their components resulting from intrinsic microscopic activity have been extensively studied in the last two decades. In a generic class of active matter, the interactions between the active components are represented via an effective density-dependent diffusivity in a mean-field s

Field G. Van Zee, Devangi N. Parikh, Robert A. van de Geijn

We approach the problem of implementing mixed-datatype support within the general matrix multiplication (GEMM) operation of the BLIS framework, whereby each matrix operand A, B, and C may be stored as single- or double-precision real or complex values. Another factor of complexity, whereby the computation is allowed to take place in a precision different fro

Sanhan Khasraw, Ivan Ali, Rashad Haji

For a nonabelian group G, the non-commuting graph $Γ_G$ of $G$ is defined as the graph with vertex set $G-Z(G)$, where $Z(G)$ is the center of $G$, and two distinct vertices of $Γ_G$ are adjacent if they do not commute in $G$. In this paper, we investigate the detour index, eccentric connectivity and total eccentricity polynomials of non-commuting graph on $

Mohammad Mehdi Rezvani, Shahab Mehraeen

The dc grid became more popular, by emerging the distributed generations (DGs). Despite this popularity, the dc grid is not yet widely used because the majority of loads in a power system are ac, which means the ac grid is still the dominant grid in the power system. Therefore, the concept of a hybrid ac-dc microgrid was emerged because of this contradiction

Hannah Bergner, Patrick Graf

We prove the Lipman-Zariski conjecture for complex surface singularities with $p_g - g - b \le 2$. Here $p_g$ is the geometric genus, $g$ is the sum of the genera of the exceptional curves and $b$ is the first Betti number of the dual graph. This improves on a previous result of the second author. As an application, we show that a compact complex surface wit

Parada. T. P. Hutauruk, Yongseok Oh, K. Tsushima

The structure and electroweak properties of the pion in symmetric nuclear matter are presented in the framework of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. The pion is described as a bound state of a dressed quark-antiquark pair governed by the Bethe-Salpeter equation. For the in-medium current-light-quark properties we use the quark-meson coupling model, which descri

Xinyu Dai, Shaun Steele, Eduardo Guerras, Christopher W. Morgan

We present an analysis of Chandra spectra of five gravitationally lensed active galactic nuclei. We confirm the previous detections of FeK$\alpha$ emission lines in most images of these objects with high significance. The line energies range from 5.8 to 6.8 keV with widths from unresolved to 0.6 keV, consistent with emission close to spinning black holes vie

Samira Masoudi, Afsaneh Razi, Cameron H. G. Wright, Jay C. Gatlin

We propose a new method of instance-level microtubule (MT) tracking in time-lapse image series using recurrent attention. Our novel deep learning algorithm segments individual MTs at each frame. Segmentation results from successive frames are used to assign correspondences among MTs. This ultimately generates a distinct path trajectory for each MT through th

Long Hu, Guillaume Olive

In this article we study the minimal time for the exact controllability of one-dimensional first-order linear hyperbolic systems when all the controls are acting on the same side of the boundary. We establish an explicit and easy-to-compute formula for this time with respect to all the coupling parameters of the system. The proof relies on the introduction o

Mahdi Khodayar, Jianhui Wang, Zhaoyu Wang

Power system studies require the topological structures of real-world power networks; however, such data is confidential due to important security concerns. Thus, power grid synthesis (PGS), i.e., creating realistic power grids that imitate actual power networks, has gained significant attention. In this letter, we cast PGS into a graph distribution learning

Kyriakos Papadopoulos, Nazli Kurt, Basil K. Papadopoulos

We give a topological condition for a generic sliced space to be globally hyperbolic, without any hypothesis on the lapse function, shift function and spatial metric.

Hongteng Xu, Dixin Luo, Hongyuan Zha, Lawrence Carin

A novel Gromov-Wasserstein learning framework is proposed to jointly match (align) graphs and learn embedding vectors for the associated graph nodes. Using Gromov-Wasserstein discrepancy, we measure the dissimilarity between two graphs and find their correspondence, according to the learned optimal transport. The node embeddings associated with the two graph

Nan Chen, Andrew J. Majda, Xin T. Tong

Nonlinear dynamical stochastic models are ubiquitous in different areas. Excitable media models are typical examples with large state dimensions. Their statistical properties are often of great interest but are also very challenging to compute. In this article, a theoretical framework to understand the spatial localization for a large class of stochastically

Faouzi Thabet

In this note, we study polynomial and rational lemniscates as trajectories of related quadratic differentials. Many classic results can be then proved easily...

Savvas Zannettou, Tristan Caulfield, Barry Bradlyn, Emiliano De Cristofaro

State-sponsored organizations are increasingly linked to efforts aimed to exploit social media for information warfare and manipulating public opinion. Typically, their activities rely on a number of social network accounts they control, aka trolls, that post and interact with other users disguised as "regular" users. These accounts often use images and meme

Michael Finkelberg, Ryo Fujita

The convolution ring $K^{GL_n(\mathcal{O})\rtimes\mathbb{C}^\times}(\mathrm{Gr}_{GL_n})$ was identified with a quantum unipotent cell of the loop group $LSL_2$ in [Cautis-Williams, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 32 (2019), pp. 709-778]. We identify the basis formed by the classes of irreducible equivariant perverse coherent sheaves with the dual canonical basis of the

Tula R. Paudel, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

The recently discovered magnetism of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals have attracted a lot of attention. Among these materials is CrI$_3$ - a magnetic semiconductor exhibiting transitions between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic orderings under the influence of an applied magnetic field. Here, using first-principles methods based on density fun

Amod Jog, Andrew Hoopes, Douglas N. Greve, Koen Van Leemput

With the advent of convolutional neural networks~(CNN), supervised learning methods are increasingly being used for whole brain segmentation. However, a large, manually annotated training dataset of labeled brain images required to train such supervised methods is frequently difficult to obtain or create. In addition, existing training datasets are generally

Taysun Kimm, Jeremy Blaizot, Thibault Garel, Leo Michel-Dansac

Understanding the escape of Lyman continuum (LyC) and Lyman alpha (Lya) photons from molecular clouds is one of the keys to constraining the reionization history of the Universe and the evolution of galaxies at high redshift. Using a set of radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with adaptive mesh refinement, we investigate how photons propagate and escape from

Baisheng Yan

In this sequel to a previous paper, we construct certain smooth strongly polyconvex functions $F$ on $\mathbb M^{2\times 2}$ such that $\sigma=DF$ satisfies the Condition (OC) in that paper. As a result, we show that the initial-boundary value problem for the gradient flow of such polyconvex energy functionals is highly ill-posed even for some smooth initial

B. L. Beaudoin, R. A. Kishek, I. Haber, T. W. Koeth

A multi-stream instability is observed experimentally in a longitudinally expanding electron beam in a storage ring. The instability is observed when the beam expands such that its length is several times the circumference of the ring, and portions of the beam overlap. While portions of the beam overlap in physical space, due to the nature of the expansion p

Parada T. P. Hutauruk, Yongseok Oh, K. Tsushima

Effects of the in-medium modifications of nucleon form factors on neutrino interaction in dense matter are presented by considering both the weak and electromagnetic interactions of neutrinos with the constituents of the matter. A relativistic mean field and the quark-meson coupling models are respectively adopted for the effective nucleon mass and in-medium

L. A. Díaz-García, A. J. Cenarro, C. López-Sanjuan, L. Peralta de Arriba

We perform a comprehensive study of the stellar population properties of quiescent galaxies as a function of size and stellar mass to constrain the physical mechanism governing the stellar mass assembly and the likely evolutive scenarios that explain their growth in size. After selecting all the quiescent galaxies from the ALHAMBRA survey by the dust-correct

Christoph Englert, Peter Galler, Andrew Pilkington, Michael Spannowsky

Constraining CP-violating interactions in effective field theory (EFT) of dimension six faces two challenges. Firstly, degeneracies in the multi-dimensional space of Wilson coefficients have to be lifted. Secondly, quadratic contributions of CP-odd dimension six operators are difficult to disentangle from squared contributions of CP-even dimension six operat

Gagandeep S. Anand, R. Brent Tully, Luca Rizzi, Igor D. Karachentsev

It has recently been suggested that the nearby galaxies Maffei 1 and 2 are further in distance than previously thought, such that they no longer are members of the same galaxy group as IC 342. We reanalyze near-infrared photometry from the Hubble Space Telescope, and find a distance to Maffei 2 of $5.73\pm0.40$ Mpc. With this distance, the Maffei Group lies

T. J. Cooper, R. A. Simcoe, K. L. Cooksey, R. Bordoloi

Ratios of different ions of the same element encode ionization information independently from relative abundances in quasar absorption line systems, crucial for understanding the multiphase nature and origin of absorbing gas, particularly at $z>6$ where H I cannot be observed. Observational considerations have limited such studies to a small number of sightl

Andres Vasquez, Celine Degrande, Alberto Tonero, Rogerio Rosenfeld

We study the effects of new physics in double Higgs production at future $e^+ e^-$ colliders. In the Standard Model the chiral limit ($m_e=0$) plays an important role for this process, being responsible for the smallness of the tree-level diagrams with respect to the 1-loop contributions. In our work, we consider the possibility of an enhancement due to the

Viviana Acquaviva

This paper summarizes my thoughts, given in an invited review at the IAU symposium 341 "Challenges in Panchromatic Galaxy Modelling with Next Generation Facilities", about how machine learning methods can help us solve some of the big data problems associated with current and upcoming large galaxy surveys.

Seyed Morteza Hosseini, Alberto Zaffaroni

The gravitational dual of $c$-extremization for a class of $(0,2)$ two-dimensional theories obtained by twisted compactifications of D3-brane gauge theories living at a toric Calabi-Yau three-fold has been recently proposed. The equivalence of this construction with $c$-extremization has been checked in various examples and holds also off-shell. In this note

Daniel Ávila, Leonardo Patiño

In the present letter we use holographic methods to show that a very intense magnetic field lowers the temperature at which the mesons melt and decreases the mass gap of the spectrum along with their masses. Consequently, there is a range of temperatures for which mesons can be melted by applying a magnetic field instead of increasing the temperature. We ter

Elisa Frattin, Olga Muñoz, Fernando Moreno, Jacopo Nava

We present experimental phase function and degree of linear polarization curves for seven samples of cometary dust analogues namely: ground pieces of Allende, DaG521, FRO95002 and FRO99040 meteorites, Mg-rich olivine and pyroxene, and a sample of organic tholins. The experimental curves have been obtained at the IAA Cosmic Dust Laboratory at a wavelength of

Nishant Dogra, Manuele Landini, Katrin Kroeger, Lorenz Hruby

Dissipative and unitary processes define the evolution of a many-body system. Their interplay gives rise to dynamical phase transitions and can lead to instabilities. We discovered a non-stationary state of chiral nature in a synthetic many-body system with independently controllable unitary and dissipative couplings. Our experiment is based on a spinor Bose

Pieter van Dokkum, Shany Danieli, Roberto Abraham, Charlie Conroy

The ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 has a very low velocity dispersion, indicating that it has little or no dark matter. Here we report the discovery of a second galaxy in this class, residing in the same group. NGC1052-DF4 closely resembles NGC1052-DF2 in terms of its size, surface brightness, and morphology; has a similar distance of $D=19.9\pm 2.8$ Mpc;

Andrei P. Igoshev, Hagai B. Perets

The origin of ultra-wide massive binaries (orbital separations $10^3-2\times 10^5$~AU) and their properties are not well characterized nor understood. Here we use the second Gaia data release to search for wide astrometric companions to Galactic O-B5 stars which share similar parallax and proper motion with the primaries. Using the data we characterize the f

R. H. Leike, T. A. Enßlin

Aims: Highly resolved maps of the local Galactic dust are an important ingredient for sky emission models. In nearly the whole electromagnetic spectrum one can see imprints of dust, many of which originate from dust clouds within 300pc. Having a detailed 3D reconstruction of these local dust clouds enables detailed studies, helps to quantify the impact on ot

M. Liska, C. Hesp, A. Tchekhovskoy, A. Ingram

In the course of its evolution, a black hole (BH) accretes gas from a wide range of directions. Given a random accretion event, the typical angular momentum of an accretion disc would be tilted by $\sim$60$^\circ$ relative to the BH spin. Misalignment causes the disc to precess at a rate that increases with BH spin and tilt angle. We present the first genera

Intae Jung, Steven L. Finkelstein, Mark Dickinson, Taylor A. Hutchison

Realizing the utility of Ly$\alpha$ emission to trace the evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the epoch of reionization requires deep spectroscopy across the boundary of optical and near-infrared (NIR) spectrographs at $z\sim7.2$ when Ly$\alpha$ emission is at $\sim$1$\mu$m. Our Texas Spectroscopic Search for Ly$\alpha$ Emission at the End of

Federico Lelli, Stacy S. McGaugh, James M. Schombert, Harry Desmond

We study the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR) at z=0 using 153 galaxies from the SPARC sample. We consider different definitions of the characteristic velocity from HI and H-alpha rotation curves, as well as HI line-widths from single-dish observations. We reach the following results: (1) The tightest BTFR is given by the mean velocity along the flat pa

Nathan P. Hartland, Fabio Maltoni, Emanuele R. Nocera, Juan Rojo

We present a novel framework for carrying out global analyses of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) at dimension-six: SMEFiT. This approach is based on the Monte Carlo replica method for deriving a faithful estimate of the experimental and theoretical uncertainties and enables one to construct the probability distribution in the space of the S

L. Y. Aaron Yung, Rachel S. Somerville, Gergö Popping, Steven L. Finkelstein

The long-anticipated James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be able to directly detect large samples of galaxies at very high redshift. Using the well-established, computationally efficient Santa Cruz semi-analytic model, with recently implemented multiphase gas partitioning and H2-based star formation recipes, we make predictions for a wide variety of galax

Alex Zucca, Levon Pogosian, Alessandra Silvestri, Gong-Bo Zhao

We present a major upgrade of MGCAMB, a patch for the Einstein-Boltzmann solver CAMB used for phenomenological tests of general relativity against cosmological datasets. This new version is compatible with the latest CosmoMC code and includes a consistent implementation of massive neutrinos and dynamical dark energy. The code has been restructured to make it

Mehrdad Mirbabayi, Andrei Gruzinov, Jorge Noreña

Primordial black holes, formed from rare peaks in the primordial fluctuations $\zeta$, are non-rotating at zeroth order in $\zeta_{\rm rms}$. We show that the spin also vanishes at first order in $\zeta_{\rm rms}$, suggesting the dimensionless spin parameter $a_{\rm rms} \sim \zeta_{\rm rms}^2$. We identify one quadratic contribution to the spin by calculati

Tejinder P. Singh

By invoking an asymmetric metric tensor, and borrowing ideas from non-commutative geometry, string theory, and trace dynamics, we propose an action function for quantum gravity. The action is proportional to the four dimensional non-commutative curvature scalar (which is torsion dependent) that is sourced by the Nambu-Goto world-sheet action for a string, pl

Fariah Hayee, Leo Yu, Jingyuan Linda Zhang, Christopher J. Ciccarino

Single photon emitters (SPEs) in solids have emerged as promising candidates for quantum photonic sensing, communications, and computing. Defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) exhibit high-brightness, room-temperature quantum emission, but their large spectral variability and unknown local structure significantly challenge their technological utility. Her

Michael Freedman, Vyacheslav Krushkal

We study the effect of Nielsen moves and their geometric counterparts, handle slides, on good boundary links. A collection of links, universal for 4-dimensional surgery, is shown to admit Seifert surfaces with trivial Lagrangian. They are good boundary links, with Seifert matrices of a more general form than in known constructions of slice links. We show tha