April 2020 arXiv papers — page 39

Orsolya E. Kovacs, Akos Bogdan, Rebecca E. A. Canning

Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) exhibit low surface brightness, but their optical extent is comparable to Milky Way-type galaxies. Due to their peculiar properties, it remains ambiguous whether UDGs are the descendants of massive galaxies or they are puffed-up dwarf galaxies. In this work, we explore a population of 404 UDGs in the Coma cluster to study their

Christopher T. Davies, Enrique Paillas, Marius Cautun, Baojiu Li

Cosmic voids are a key component of the large-scale structure that contain a plethora of cosmological information. Typically, voids are identified from the underlying galaxy distribution, which is a biased tracer of the total matter field. Previous works have shown that 2D voids identified in weak lensing maps -- weak lensing voids -- correspond better to tr

Angelo Esposito, Rafael Krichevsky, Alberto Nicolis

Solid-like behavior at low energies and long distances is usually associated with the spontaneous breaking of spatial translations at microscopic scales, as in the case of a lattice of atoms. We exhibit three quantum field theories that are renormalizable, Poincar\'e invariant, and weakly coupled, and that admit states that on the one hand are perfectly homo

Ivar Martin, Kartiek Agarwal

We propose and analyze a family of periodic braiding protocols in systems with multiple localized Majorana modes ($\textit{majoranas}$) for the purposes of Hamiltonian engineering. The protocols rely on double braids$-\textit{draids}-$which flip the signs of both majoranas, as one is taken all the way around the other. Rapid draiding dynamically suppresses s

Ana Bonaca, Charlie Conroy, Phillip A. Cargile, Rohan P. Naidu

The archaeological record of stars in the Milky Way opens a uniquely detailed window into the early formation and assembly of galaxies. Here we use 11,000 main-sequence turn-off stars with well-measured ages, [Fe/H], [$\alpha$/Fe], and orbits from the H3 Survey and Gaia to time the major events in the early Galaxy. Located beyond the Galactic plane, $1\lesss

Ian Counts, Joonseok Hur, Diana P. L. Aude Craik, Honggi Jeon

We measure isotope shifts for five Yb$^+$ isotopes with zero nuclear spin on two narrow optical quadrupole transitions ${}^2S_{1/2} \rightarrow {}^2D_{3/2}$, ${}^2S_{1/2} \rightarrow {}^2D_{5/2}$ with an accuracy of $\sim 300$ Hz. The corresponding King plot shows a $3 \times 10^{-7}$ deviation from linearity at the 3 $\sigma$ uncertainty level. Such a nonli

Andrea Kunder, Angeles Perez-Villegas, R. Michael Rich, Jonathan Ogata

Radial velocities of 2768 fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) toward the Southern Galactic bulge are presented, spanning the southern bulge from -8 < l < +8 and -3 < b <-6. Distances derived from the pulsation properties of the RRLs are combined with Gaia proper motions to give constraints on the orbital motions of 1389 RRLs. The majority (~75%) of the bu

Hao Chen, Ian Moult, XiaoYuan Zhang, Hua Xing Zhu

We introduce an infinite set of jet substructure observables, derived as projections of $N$-point energy correlators, that are both convenient for experimental studies and maintain remarkable analytic properties derived from their representations in terms of a finite number of light ray operators. We show that these observables can be computed using tracking

Max Hopkins, Daniel M. Kane, Shachar Lovett, Gaurav Mahajan

Given a finite set $X \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ and a binary linear classifier $c: \mathbb{R}^d \to \{0,1\}$, how many queries of the form $c(x)$ are required to learn the label of every point in $X$? Known as \textit{point location}, this problem has inspired over 35 years of research in the pursuit of an optimal algorithm. Building on the prior work of Kane, L

Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb

There is evidence that ejecta from nearby supernovae have rained down on Earth in the past. Supernovae can accelerate pre-existing dust grains in the interstellar medium to speeds of $\sim 0.01 \mathrm{\;c}$. We investigate the survival and impact of dust grains from supernovae on the moon, finding that supernova dust grains can form detectable tracks with w

Liron Barak, Itay M. Bloch, Mariano Cababie, Gustavo Cancelo

We present the first direct-detection search for eV-to-GeV dark matter using a new ~2-gram high-resistivity Skipper-CCD from a dedicated fabrication batch that was optimized for dark-matter searches. Using 24 days of data acquired in the MINOS cavern at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, we measure the lowest rates in silicon detectors of events cont

Bowen Chen, Bartlomiej Czech, Zi-zhi Wang

We present the vacuum of a two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT$_2$) as a network of Wilson lines in $SL(2,\mathbb{R}) \times SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ Chern-Simons theory, which is conventionally used to study gravity in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS$_3$). The position and shape of the network encode the cutoff scale at which the ground state d

Javier Fuentes-Martin, Peter Stangl

We present a model for third-family quark-lepton unification at the TeV scale featuring a composite Higgs sector. The model is based on a variant of the Pati-Salam model, the so-called 4321 model, consisting of the gauge group $SU(4)\times SU(3)^\prime\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_X$. The spontaneous symmetry breaking to the SM gauge group is triggered dynamical

Colin Defant

Several sequences of free cumulants that count binary plane trees correspond to sequences of classical cumulants that count the decreasing versions of the same trees. Using two new operations on colored binary plane trees that we call insertion and decomposition, we prove that this surprising phenomenon holds for families of trees that we call troupes. We gi

Davide Lena, Peter G. Jonker, Jean P. Rauer, Svea Hernandez

Numerical relativity predicts that the coalescence of a black hole-binary causes the newly formed black hole to recoil, and evidence for such recoils has been found in the gravitational waves observed during the merger of stellar-mass black holes. Recoiling (super)massive black holes are expected to reside in hypercompact stellar clusters (HCSCs). Simulation

Tyler A Cochran, Ilya Belopolski, Kaustuv Manna, Mohammad Yahyavi

Novel topological phases of matter are fruitful platforms for the discovery of unconventional electromagnetic phenomena. Higher-fold topology is one example, where the low-energy description goes beyond Standard Model analogs. Despite intensive experimental studies, conclusive evidence remains elusive for the \textit{multi-gap topological nature of higher-fo

Richard Tucker, Noah Snavely

A recent strand of work in view synthesis uses deep learning to generate multiplane images (a camera-centric, layered 3D representation) given two or more input images at known viewpoints. We apply this representation to single-view view synthesis, a problem which is more challenging but has potentially much wider application. Our method learns to predict a

Jinyi Zhang, Christoph Eigen, Wei Zheng, Jake A. P. Glidden

We study the decay mechanism of the gapped lowest-lying excitation of a quasi-pure box-trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Owing to the absence of lower-energy modes, or direct coupling to an external bath, this excitation is protected against one-body (linear) decay and the damping mechanism is exclusively nonlinear. We develop a universal theoretical

Prannay Khosla, Piotr Teterwak, Chen Wang, Aaron Sarna

Contrastive learning applied to self-supervised representation learning has seen a resurgence in recent years, leading to state of the art performance in the unsupervised training of deep image models. Modern batch contrastive approaches subsume or significantly outperform traditional contrastive losses such as triplet, max-margin and the N-pairs loss. In th

Aidmar Wainakh, Alejandro Sanchez Guinea, Tim Grube, Max Mühlhäuser

Federated learning suffers from several privacy-related issues that expose the participants to various threats. A number of these issues are aggravated by the centralized architecture of federated learning. In this paper, we discuss applying federated learning on a hierarchical architecture as a potential solution. We introduce the opportunities for more fle

You Zhou, Pei Zeng, Zhenhuan Liu

Entanglement plays a central role in quantum information processing, indicating the non-local correlation of quantum matters. However, few effective ways are known to detect the amount of entanglement of an unknown quantum state. In this work, we propose a scheme to estimate the entanglement negativity of any bi-partition of a composite system. The proposed

J. Becerra González, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, R. Clavero

The emission from the relativistic jets in blazars usually outshines their host galaxies, challenging the determination of their distances and the characterization of the stellar population. The situation becomes more favorable in the case of the extreme blazars (EHBLs), for which the bulk of the emission of the relativistic jets is emitted at higher energie

Brant Rumberger, Antoni Aduszkiewicz, Jan Boissevain, Magdalena Kuich

This paper presents the Forward Time Projection Chamber (FTPC) system of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS accelerator. This TPC system applies a novel tandem-TPC design to reduce the background originating from particle tracks not synchronous with the event trigger. The FTPC system is composed of three chambers with alternating drift field direction

Jose Beltrán Jiménez, Adrià Delhom

We discuss the presence of ghostly instabilities for metric-affine theories constructed with higher order curvature terms. We mainly focus on theories containing only the Ricci tensor and show the crucial role played by the projective symmetry. The pathological modes arise from the absence of a pure kinetic term for the projective mode and the non-minimal co

Aristotelis Leventidis, Jiahui Zhang, Cody Dunne, Wolfgang Gatterbauer

Understanding the meaning of existing SQL queries is critical for code maintenance and reuse. Yet SQL can be hard to read, even for expert users or the original creator of a query. We conjecture that it is possible to capture the logical intent of queries in \emph{automatically-generated visual diagrams} that can help users understand the meaning of queries

Michael G. Kapteyn, Karen E. Willcox

This work develops a methodology for creating a data-driven digital twin from a library of physics-based models representing various asset states. The digital twin is updated using interpretable machine learning. Specifically, we use optimal trees---a recently developed scalable machine learning method---to train an interpretable data-driven classifier. Trai

Drew M Thomas

Official counts of COVID-19 deaths have been criticized for potentially including people who did not die of COVID-19 but merely died with COVID-19. I address that critique by fitting a generalized additive model to weekly counts of all deaths registered in England and Wales during the 2010s. The model produces baseline rates of death registrations expected w

Wanli Qiao

We develop large sample theory including nonparametric confidence regions for $r$-dimensional ridges of probability density functions on $\mathbb{R}^d$, where $1\leq r<d$. We view ridges as the intersections of level sets of some special functions. The vertical variation of the plug-in kernel estimators for these functions constrained on the ridges is used a

Hryhoriy Polshyn, Jihang Zhu, Manish A. Kumar, Yuxuan Zhang

Magnetism typically arises from the joint effect of Fermi statistics and repulsive Coulomb interactions, which favors ground states with non-zero electron spin. As a result, controlling spin magnetism with electric fields---a longstanding technological goal in spintronics and multiferroics---can be achieved only indirectly. Here, we experimentally demonstrat

Nana Cabo Bizet, Alejandro Cabo Montes de Oca

We study the SIR epidemiological model, with a variable contagion rate, applied to the evolution of COVID19 in Cuba. It is highlighted that an increase in the predictive character depends on understanding the dynamics for the temporal evolution of the rate of contagion $\beta^*$. A semi-empirical model for this dynamics is formulated, where reaching $\beta^*

Pavel Motloch

We find that the cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization power spectra measurements from Planck constrain the parameter $\Omega_bh^2$ mostly through: A) the amplitude of Thomson scattering and B) a factor that ensures Thomson scattering does not violate momentum conservation of the baryon-photon fluid. This allows us to obtain two distinct b

Emilio Musso, Lorenzo Nicolodi, Filippo Salis

Let $\mathrm S^3$ be the unit sphere of $\mathbb C^2$ with its standard Cauchy-Riemann (CR) structure. This paper investigates the CR geometry of curves in $\mathrm S^3$ which are transversal to the contact distribution, using the local CR invariants of $\mathrm S^3$. More specifically, the focus is on the CR geometry of transversal knots. Four global invari

Huy Phan, Kaare Mikkelsen, Oliver Y. Chén, Philipp Koch

Brain waves vary between people. An obvious way to improve automatic sleep staging for longitudinal sleep monitoring is personalization of algorithms based on individual characteristics extracted from the first night of data. As a single night is a very small amount of data to train a sleep staging model, we propose a Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence regular

G. Buchalla, O. Cata, A. Celis, M. Knecht

Starting from the one-loop divergences we obtained previously, we work out the renormalization of the Higgs-Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian explicitly and in detail. This includes the renormalization of the lowest-order Lagrangian, as well as the decomposition of the remaining divergences into a complete basis of next-to-leading-order counterterms. We provide

Shan Jin, Xiaoting Wang, Bo Li

In this work, we present a multi-layer quantum search method that generates an exponential speedup of the standard Grover's algorithm. As direct applications, any NP problems can be solved efficiently on a quantum circuit with only polynomial gate complexity. In particular, such multi-layer search can solve the factoring problem with an exponential speedup,

James Bremer, Ze Chen, Haizhao Yang

We describe an algorithm for the application of the forward and inverse spherical harmonic transforms. It is based on a new method for rapidly computing the forward and inverse associated Legendre transforms by hierarchically applying the interpolative decomposition butterfly factorization (IDBF). Experimental evidence suggests that the total running time of

Suneel Belkhale, Rachel Li, Gregory Kahn, Rowan McAllister

Transporting suspended payloads is challenging for autonomous aerial vehicles because the payload can cause significant and unpredictable changes to the robot's dynamics. These changes can lead to suboptimal flight performance or even catastrophic failure. Although adaptive control and learning-based methods can in principle adapt to changes in these hybrid

Kieran N. Wilkinson, Panagiotis Papanastasiou, Carlo Ottaviani, Tobias Gehring

We introduce a robust scheme for long-distance continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) in which we employ post-selection between distant parties communicating through the medium of an untrusted relay. We perform a security analysis that allows for general transmissivity and thermal noise variance of each l

Lorenzo Vangelista, Alessandro Cattapan

In this paper we present a new modulation, called DLoRa, similar in principle to the conventional LoRa modulation and compatible with it in terms of bandwidth and numerology. DLoRa departs from the conventional LoRa modulation as it is using a decreasing instantaneous frequency in the chirps instead of an increasing one as for the conventional LoRa modulatio

Seth Flaxman, Swapnil Mishra, Axel Gandy, H Juliette T Unwin

Following the emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its spread outside of China, Europe has experienced large epidemics. In response, many European countries have implemented unprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions including case isolation, the closure of schools and universities, banning of mass gatherings and/or public events, and most r

Job Rock

This if the final paper in the seriesContinuous Quivers of Type $A$. In this part, we generalize existing geometric models of type $A$ cluster structures to the new $\mathbf E$-clusters introduced in part (III). We also introduce an isomorphism of cluster theories and a weak equivalence of cluster theories. Examples of both are given. We use thes geometric m

Shaowen Chen, Minhao He, Ya-Hui Zhang, Valerie Hsieh

Twisted van der Waals heterostructures with flat electronic bands have recently emerged as a platform for realizing correlated and topological states with an extraordinary degree of control and tunability. In graphene-based moir\'e heterostructures, the correlated phase diagram and band topology depend strongly on the number of graphene layers, their relativ

Raphael Tang, Rodrigo Nogueira, Edwin Zhang, Nikhil Gupta

We present CovidQA, the beginnings of a question answering dataset specifically designed for COVID-19, built by hand from knowledge gathered from Kaggle's COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge. To our knowledge, this is the first publicly available resource of its type, and intended as a stopgap measure for guiding research until more substantial evaluati

Ognyan Kounchev, Georgi Simeonov, Zhana Kuncheva

Mathematical models are traditionally used to analyze the long-term global evolution of epidemics, to determine the potential and severity of an outbreak, and to provide critical information for identifying the type of disease interventions and intensity. One of the widely used mathematical models of long-term spreading of epidemics are the so-called determi

Modi Ke, Mahmoud M. Asmar, Wang-Kong Tse

We demonstrate that the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction in graphene can be strongly modified by a time-periodic driving field even in the weak drive regime. This effect is due to the opening of a dynamical band gap at the Dirac points when graphene is exposed to circularly polarized light. Using Keldysh-Floquet Green's functions, we develop

Ana Martinazzo, Mateus Espadoto, Nina S. T. Hirata

In Astronomy, a huge amount of image data is generated daily by photometric surveys, which scan the sky to collect data from stars, galaxies and other celestial objects. In this paper, we propose a technique to leverage unlabeled astronomical images to pre-train deep convolutional neural networks, in order to learn a domain-specific feature extractor which i

L. Pino, J. M. Désert, M. Brogi, L. Malavolta

We present the first detection of atomic emission lines from the atmosphere of an exoplanet. We detect neutral iron lines from the day-side of KELT-9b (Teq $\sim$ 4, 000 K). We combined thousands of spectrally resolved lines observed during one night with the HARPS-N spectrograph (R $\sim$ 115, 000), mounted at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We introduce

Carl-Johan Haster, Katerina Chatziioannou, Andreas Bauswein, James Alexander Clark

Finite-size effects on the gravitational wave signal from a neutron star merger typically manifest at high frequencies where detector sensitivity decreases. Proposed sensitivity improvements can give us access both to stronger signals and to a myriad of weak signals from cosmological distances. The latter will outnumber the former and the relevant part of si

Michael Mihalik

A {\it graph product} $G$ on a graph $\Gamma$ is a group defined as follows: For each vertex $v$ of $\Gamma$ there is a corresponding non-trivial group $G_v$. The group $G$ is the quotient of the free product of the $G_v$ by the commutation relations $[G_v,G_w]=1$ for all adjacent $v$ and $w$ in $\Gamma$. A finitely presented group $G$ has {\it semistable fu

Tianxin Feng, Lifeng Xie, Jianping Yao, Jie Xu

This paper studies an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled wireless sensor network, in which one UAV flies in the sky to collect the data transmitted from a set of ground nodes (GNs) via distributed beamforming. We consider two scenarios with delay-tolerant and delay-sensitive applications, in which the GNs send the common/shared messages to the UAV via ada

Luca Manzoni, Luca Mariot, Eva Tuba

The use of balanced crossover operators in Genetic Algorithms (GA) ensures that the binary strings generated as offsprings have the same Hamming weight of the parents, a constraint which is sought in certain discrete optimization problems. Although this method reduces the size of the search space, the resulting fitness landscape often becomes more difficult

Fabio De Regibus, Massimo Grossi, Debangana Mukherjee

In this paper we show the uniqueness of the critical point for \emph{semi-stable} solutions of the problem $$\begin{cases} -\Delta u=f(u)&\text{in }\Omega\\ u>0&\text{in }\Omega\\ u=0&\text{on } \partial\Omega,\end{cases}$$ where $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ is a smooth bounded domain whose boundary has \emph{nonnegative} curvature and $f(0)\ge0$. It extends

Tamas Gombor, Zoltan Bajnok

Integrable boundary states can be built up from pair annihilation amplitudes called $K$-matrices. These amplitudes are related to mirror reflections and they both satisfy Yang Baxter equations, which can be twisted or untwisted. We relate these two notions to each other and show how they are fixed by the unbroken symmetries, which, together with the full sym

Anuj Gupta, Sandeep Sahijpal

Interstellar dust is a significant component of matter in the galaxies. The dust owns its origin and reprocessing in a wide range of astrophysical environments. In order to understand the origin and evolution of the distinct types of interstellar dust grains, we have attempted a comprehensive correlated study of the thermodynamics condensation of dust grains

Ahmed Zaidi, Andrew Caines, Russell Moore, Paula Buttery

The forgetting curve has been extensively explored by psychologists, educationalists and cognitive scientists alike. In the context of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, modelling the forgetting curve for each user and knowledge component (e.g. vocabulary word) should enable us to develop optimal revision strategies that counteract memory decay and ensure long-te

Irene Bolognino

This paper is an overview of the author's PhD thesis results. ARGO-YBJ is an extensive air shower detector located at Yangbajing (Tibet, China) at 4300 m a.s.l. It is made by a full coverage carpet plus a guard ring (total surface about 6700 m^2) of Resistive Plate Chambers grouped into 153 units called clusters. The experiment has two different operation mo

Sahar Rahbar

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is heart rate variability in synchrony with respiration although its functional significance not clear. The loss of sinus arrhythmia may indicate underlying heart failure or disease; therefore, there would be a great advantage of knowing how it works and affects the cardio-respiratory system, especially by providing a mathe

Csaba Biró, Israel R. Curbelo

The converse of the Borel-Cantelli Lemma states that if $\{A_i\}_{i=1}^\infty$ is a sequence of independent events such that $\sum P(A_i)=\infty$, then almost surely infinitely many of these events will occur. Erd\H os and R\'enyi proved that it is sufficient to weaken the condition of independence to pairwise independence. In this paper we study various con

Qing Liu

For a proper geodesic metric space $X$, the Morse boundary $\partial_*X$ focuses on the hyperbolic-like directions in the space $X$. It is a quasi-isometry invariant. That is, a quasi-isometry between two hyperbolic spaces induces a homeomorphism on their boundaries. In this paper, we investigate additional structures on the Morse boundary $\partial_*X$ whic

David M Benton

An unconventional encoding scheme called concurrent coding, has recently been demonstrated and shown to offer interesting features and benefits in comparison to conventional techniques, e.g. robustness against burst errors and improved efficiency of transmitted power. This concept has been demonstrated for the first time with optical communications where sta

Gareth W. Molyneux, Viraj B. Wijesuriya, Alessandro Abate

We present a data-driven verification approach that determines whether or not a given chemical reaction network (CRN) satisfies a given property, expressed as a formula in a modal logic. Our approach consists of three phases, integrating formal verification over models with learning from data. First, we consider a parametric set of possible models based on a

Li Zhu, Timothy A. Strobel, R. E. Cohen

Using first-principles calculations, we predict a lightweight room-temperature ferroelectric carbon-boron framework in a host/guest clathrate structure. This ferroelectric clathrate, with composition ScB$_3$C$_3$, exhibits high polarization density and low mass density compared with widely used commercial ferroelectrics. Molecular dynamics simulations show s

Odysseas Bakas

It is well-known that Littlewood-Paley operators formed with respect to lacunary sets of finite order are bounded on $L^p (\mathbb{R})$ for all $1<p<\infty$. In this note it is shown that $$ \| S_{\mathcal{I}_{E_2}} \|_{L^p (\mathbb{R}) \rightarrow L^p (\mathbb{R})} \sim (p-1)^{-2} \quad (p \rightarrow 1^+) ,$$ where $S_{\mathcal{I}_{E_2}}$ denotes the class

A. L. Cherchiglia, C. C. Nishi

The Nelson-Barr mechanism to solve the strong CP problem requires vector-like quarks (VLQs) to transmit the spontaneous CP breaking to the SM. We study the scenario where only these VLQs are within reach at the TeV scale while the spontaneous CP breaking sector is inaccessible. We investigate how these VLQs of Nelson-Barr type differ from generic VLQs and fi

Vincent Coppé, Daan Huybrechs

The approximation of smooth functions with a spectral basis typically leads to rapidly decaying coefficients where the rate of decay depends on the smoothness of the function and vice-versa. The optimal number of degrees of freedom in the approximation can be determined with relative ease by truncating the coefficients once a threshold is reached. Recent app

Pier Domenico Lamberti, Michele Zaccaron

We study the dependence of the eigenvalues of time-harmonic Maxwell's equations in a cavity upon variation of its shape. The analysis concerns all eigenvalues both simple and multiple. We provide analyticity results for the dependence of the elementary symmetric functions of the eigenvalues splitting a multiple eigenvalue, as well as a Rellich-Nagy-type resu

Lara Ost, Christian Schulz, Darren Strash

Many applications rely on time-intensive matrix operations, such as factorization, which can be sped up significantly for large sparse matrices by interpreting the matrix as a sparse graph and computing a node ordering that minimizes the so-called fill-in. In this paper, we engineer new data reduction rules for the minimum fill-in problem, which significantl

Tansu Daylan, Kartik Pingle, Jasmine Wright, Maximilian N. Guenther

We report the discovery and validation of four extrasolar planets hosted by the nearby, bright, Sun-like (G3V) star HD~108236 using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We present transit photometry, reconnaissance and precise Doppler spectroscopy as well as high-resolution imaging, to validate the planetary nature of the objects trans

Jeevanjyoti Chakraborty, Jingxi Luo, Rosemary J Dyson

Plant morphology emerges from cellular growth and structure. The turgor-driven diffuse growth of a cell can be highly anisotropic: significant longitudinally and negligible radially. Such anisotropy is ensured by cellulose microfibrils (CMF) reinforcing the cell wall in the hoop direction. To maintain the cell's integrity during growth, new wall material inc

Manasvi Lingam, Abraham Loeb

Astrobiology has been gaining increasing scientific prominence and public attention as the search for life beyond Earth continues to make significant headway on multiple fronts. In view of these recent developments, the fascinating and dynamic etymology of astrobiology is elucidated, and thus shown to encompass a plethora of vivid characters drawn from diffe

Akash Ravi, Prakash P, Kailashnath N

The advent of computational material sciences has paved the way for data-driven approaches for modeling and fabrication of materials. The prediction of properties like the glass-forming ability (GFA) by using the variation in alloy composition remains to be a challenging problem in the field of material sciences. It also results in significant financial conc

Ying Liu

Quantum network is fragile to disturbances when qubits are transmitted through quantum channel. Reliability is an essential requirement for a quantum network and even the future quantum internet. A metric is needed to describe the reliability of a quantum network to build a robust infrastructure and communication protocols. In this work, we combined quantum

Spiros Ventouras, Pantelis-Daniel Arapoglou

Next generations of High Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems operating a Q/V band network of gateways (GWs) for the feeder link, need to apply some form of Smart Gateway Diversity (SGD) to ensure they meet the demanding availability targets. However, most of the published research on SGD usually resorts to ideal assumptions that are not realistic for an opera

Jan Dobrowolski, Byunghan Kim, Alexei Kolesnikov, Junguk Lee

We apply compact group theory to obtain some model-theoretic results about the relativized Lascar Galois group of a strong type.

Sourendu Gupta

Epidemic parameters are estimated through Bayesian inference using the daily fatality counts in Mumbai during the period from March 31 to April 14. A doubling time of 5.5 days (median with 95% CrI of 4.6-6.9 days) is observed. In the SEIR model this gives the basic reproduction rate R_0 of 3.4 (median with 95% CrI of 2.4-4.8). Using as input the infection fa

Irene Bolognino

The interaction rate of hypothesised dark matter particles in an Earth-bound detector is expected to undergo an annual modulation due to the planet's orbital motion. The DAMA experiment has observed such a modulation with high significance in an array of scintillating NaI(Tl) crystals. This claim is still unverified inasmuch as the other experiments involved

J. A. Melendez, R. J. Furnstahl, H. W. Griesshammer, J. A. McGovern

Interpreting measurements requires a physical theory, but the theory's accuracy may vary across the experimental domain. To optimize experimental design, and so to ensure that the substantial resources necessary for modern experiments are focused on acquiring the most valuable data, both the theory uncertainty and the expected pattern of experimental errors

M. Asadi

We study the volume prescription of the holographic subregion complexity in a holographic 5 dimensional model consisting of Einstein gravity coupled to a scalar field with a non-trivial potential. The dual 4 dimensional gauge theory is not conformal and exhibits a RG flow between two different fixed points. In both zero and finite temperature we show that th

B. S. Acharya, A. De Roeck, J. Ellis, D. K. Ghosh

We study the prospects of searches for exotic long-lived particles with the MoEDAL detector at the LHC, assuming the integrated luminosity of 30 fb$^{-1}$ that is expected at the end of Run 3. MoEDAL incorporates nuclear track detectors deployed a few metres away from the interaction point, which are sensitive to any highly-ionizing particles. Hence MoEDAL i

Caterina Campagnolo, Holger Kammeyer

For every Lie group $G$, we compute the maximal $n$ such that an $n$-fold product of nonabelian free groups embeds into $G$.

Paulo B. Ferraz, Thomas W. Kephart, João G. Rosa

We show that highly spinning primordial black holes of mass $M\sim 10^{12}$ kg, potentially born in a matter-dominated era after inflation, can produce clouds of pions in their vicinity via the superradiant instability, with densities up to that of nuclear matter. We discuss the electromagnetic signatures of this process, via neutral pion decay and charged p

José Luis Dinamarca, Sara Aguilar, Fernando Runzer-Colmenares, Alexander Morales

The construction of mathematical models that allow comprehensive approach of decision-making in situations of absence of robust evidence is important. While it is interesting to use models that are easy to understand, using values of direct interpretation, we analized a published index (COVID-19 Burden Index) and found it seems to be oversimplified. It is po

Jeffrey Palmerino, Qi Yu, Travis Desell, Daniel E. Krutz

When self-adaptive systems encounter changes within their surrounding environments, they enact tactics to perform necessary adaptations. For example, a self-adaptive cloud-based system may have a tactic that initiates additional computing resources when response time thresholds are surpassed, or there may be a tactic to activate a specific security measure w

Changan Wang, Ching-Hao Chang, Andreas Herklotz, Chao Chen

The topological Hall effect (THE) has been discovered in ultrathin SrRuO3 (SRO) films, where the interface between the SRO layer and another oxide layer breaks the inversion symmetry resulting in the appearance of THE. Thus, THE only occurs in ultra-thin SRO films of several unit cells. In addition to employing a heterostructure, the inversion symmetry can b

Domagoj Jakobovic, Luca Manzoni, Luca Mariot, Stjepan Picek

We investigate the use of Genetic Programming (GP) as a convolutional predictor for missing pixels in images. The training phase is performed by sweeping a sliding window over an image, where the pixels on the border represent the inputs of a GP tree. The output of the tree is taken as the predicted value for the central pixel. We consider two topologies for

Edoardo Ballico, Elizabeth Gasparim, Francisco Rubilar

Deformation theory of complex manifolds is a classical subject with recent new advances in the noncompact case using both algebraic and analytic methods. In this note, we recall some concepts of the existing theory and introduce new notions of deformations for manifolds with boundary, for compactifiable manifolds, and for $q$-concave spaces. We highlight som

Riccardo Ciolfi, Jay Vijay Kalinani

The observation of a radioactively-powered kilonova associated with the first binary neutron star (BNS) merger detected in gravitational waves proved that these events are ideal sites for the production of heavy r-process elements. However, the physical origin of the ejected material responsible for the early ("blue") and late ("red") components of this kilo

Regev Cohen, Nitai Fingerhut, Francois Varray, Herve Liebgott

Real-time three dimensional (3D) ultrasound provides complete visualization of inner body organs and blood vasculature, which is crucial for diagnosis and treatment of diverse diseases. However, 3D systems require massive hardware due to the huge number of transducer elements and consequent data size. This increases cost significantly and limits both frame r

S. Anand, K. Nagajothi, K. Nithya

Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) is an efficient tool for edge analysis. This paper a new edge detection technique using SWT based Hidden Markov Model (WHMM) along with the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed. The SWT coefficients contain a hidden state and they indicate the SWT coefficient fits into an edge model or not. Laplacian and Gaus

Jenna M. Cann, Shobita Satyapal, Thomas Bohn, Remington O. Sexton

In contrast to massive galaxies with Solar or super-Solar gas phase metallicities, very few Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are found in low-metallicity dwarf galaxies. Such a population could provide insight into the origins of supermassive black holes. Here we report near-infrared spectroscopic and X-ray observations of SDSS J105621.45+313822.1, a low-mass, l

Shambhu Nath Maurya, Koushik Saha

In this article, we study the fluctuation of linear eigenvalue statistics of symmetric circulant matrices $(SC_n)$ with independent entries which satisfy some moment conditions. We show that $\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} \Tr \phi(SC_n)$ obey the central limit theorem (CLT) type result, where $\phi$ is a nice test function.

Yawen Wu, Zhepeng Wang, Zhenge Jia, Yiyu Shi

This work aims to enable persistent, event-driven sensing and decision capabilities for energy-harvesting (EH)-powered devices by deploying lightweight DNNs onto EH-powered devices. However, harvested energy is usually weak and unpredictable and even lightweight DNNs take multiple power cycles to finish one inference. To eliminate the indefinite long wait to

Mohamad Elmasri, Aurelie Labbe, Denis Larocque, Laurent Charlin

Recent statistical methods fitted on large-scale GPS data can provide accurate estimations of the expected travel time between two points. However, little is known about the distribution of travel time, which is key to decision-making across a number of logistic problems. With sufficient data, single road-segment travel time can be well approximated. The cha

Gustavo C. Branco, Dipankar Das, Miguel Levy, Palash B. Pal

We present new variants of the Two Higgs-Doublet Model where all Yukawa couplings with physical Higgs bosons are controlled by the quark mixing matrices of both chiralities, as well as, in one case, the ratio between the two scalar doublets' vacuum expectation values. We obtain these by imposing approximate symmetries on the Lagrangian which, in one of the c

Marco Bonacini, Sergio Conti, Flaviana Iurlano

In this paper we propose a notion of irreversibility for the evolution of cracks in presence of cohesive forces, which allows for different responses in the loading and unloading processes, motivated by a variational approximation with damage models. We investigate its applicability to the construction of a quasi-static evolution in a simple one-dimensional

Zhongjin Zhang, Pengcheng Hou, Sheng Fang, Hao Hu

We study critical bond percolation on periodic four-dimensional (4D) and five-dimensional (5D) hypercubes by Monte Carlo simulations. By classifying the occupied bonds into branches, junctions and non-bridges, we construct the whole, the leaf-free and the bridge-free clusters using the breadth-first-search algorithm. From the geometric properties of these cl

N. Sawant, B. Dorschner, I. V. Karlin

A new lattice Boltzmann model for multicomponent ideal gas mixtures is presented. The model development consists of two parts. First, a new kinetic model for Stefan- Maxwell diffusion amongst the species is proposed and realized as a lattice Boltzmann equation on the standard discrete velocity set. Second, a compressible lattice Boltzmann model for the momen

Bob Holdom

A 2-2-hole is an explicit realization of a horizonless object that can still very closely resemble a BH. An ordinary relativistic gas can serve as the matter source for the 2-2-hole solution of quadratic gravity, and this leads to a calculable area-law entropy. Here we show that it also leads to an estimate of the damping of a gravitational wave as it travel

Kaizhi Qian, Yang Zhang, Shiyu Chang, David Cox

Speech information can be roughly decomposed into four components: language content, timbre, pitch, and rhythm. Obtaining disentangled representations of these components is useful in many speech analysis and generation applications. Recently, state-of-the-art voice conversion systems have led to speech representations that can disentangle speaker-dependent

Magnus Aspenberg, Weiwei Cui

We give a complete description of the possible Hausdorff dimensions of escaping sets for meromorphic functions with a finite number of singular values. More precisely, for any given $d\in [0,2]$ we show that there exists such a meromorphic function for which the Hausdorff dimension of the escaping set is equal to $d$. The main ingredient is to glue together