December 2020 arXiv papers — page 57

Abhishek Das, Vivek Dhuri, Ranjushree Pal

The kitchen is regarded as the central unit of the traditional as well as modern homes. It is where people cook meals and where our families sit together to eat food. The refrigerator is the pivotal of all that, and hence it plays an important part in our regular lives. The idea of this project is to improvise the normal refrigerator into a smart one by maki

Francesca Scarcella, Daniele Gaggero, Riley Connors, Julien Manshanden

Isolated black holes in our Galaxy have eluded detection so far. We present here a comprehensive study on the detectability of isolated stellar-mass astrophysical black holes that accrete interstellar gas from molecular clouds in both the local region and the Central Molecular Zone. We adopt a state-of-the-art model for the accretion physics backed up by num

A. Larosa, V. Krasnoselskikh, T. Dudok de Witınst, O. Agapitov

{Parker Solar Probe's first solar encounter has revealed the presence of sudden magnetic field deflections that are called switchbacks and are associated with proton velocity enhancements in the slow alfv\'{e}nic solar wind.} {We study their statistical properties with a special focus on their boundaries.} {Using data from SWEAP and FIELDS we investigate par

Tin Long Sunny Wong, Jan van Roestel, Thomas Kupfer, Lars Bildsten

We report the discovery of a one magnitude increase in the optical brightness of the 59.63 minute orbital period AM CVn binary SDSS J113732.32+405458.3. Public $g$, $r$, and $i$ band data from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) exhibit a decline over a 300 day period, while a few data points from commissioning show that the peak was likely seen. Such an out

Charles Poussot-Vassal, Pierre Vuillemin, Olivier Cantinaud, Florian Sève

The paper's main contribution concerns the use of interpolatory methods to solve end to end industrial control problems involving complex linear dynamical systems. More in details, contributions show how the rational data and function interpolation framework is a pivotal tool (i) to construct (frequency-limited) reduced order dynamical models appropriate for

A. Yu. Olshanskii, M. V. Sapir

We construct and study finitely presented groups with quadratic Dehn function (QD-groups) and present the following applications of the method developed in our recent papers. (1) The isomorphism problem is undecidable in the class of QD-groups. (2) For every recursive function $f$, there is a QD-group $G$ containing a finitely presented subgroup $H$ whose De

Bartosz Trojan

We show the pointwise convergence of the averages \[ \mathcal{A}_N f(x) = \frac{1}{\# \mathbf{B}_N} \sum_{n \in \mathbf{B}_N} f(x + n) \] for $f \in \ell^1(\mathbb{Z})$ where $\mathbf{B}_N = \mathbf{B} \cap [1, N]$, and $\mathbf{B}$ is a $1$-regular sequence of integers, for example $\mathbf{B} = \{\lfloor n \log n \rfloor : n \in \mathbb{N}\}$.

S. V. Ludkowski

The article is devoted to homological complexes. Smashly graded modules and complexes are studied over nonassociative algebras with metagroup relations. Smashed tensor products of homological complexes are investigated. Their homotopisms and homologisms are scrutinized.

Fernando Chierchie, Guillermo Fernandez Moroni, Leandro Stefanazzi, Claudio Chavez

The skipper CCD is a special type of charge coupled device in which the readout noise can be reduced to sub-electron levels by averaging independent measurements of the same charge. Thus the charge in the pixels can be determined by counting the exact number of electrons. The total readout time is proportional to the number of measurements of the charge in e

Kendric Hood, Joseph Oglio, Mikhail Nesterenko, Gokarna Sharma

We consider operation of blockchain-based cryptocurrency in case of partitioning. We define the Partitionable Blockchain Consensus Problem. The problem may have an interesting solution if the partitions proceed independently by splitting accounts. We prove that this problem is not solvable in the asynchronous system. The peers in the two partitions may not a

Yanan Zhang, Di Huang, Yunhong Wang

LiDAR-based 3D object detection is an important task for autonomous driving and current approaches suffer from sparse and partial point clouds of distant and occluded objects. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage approach, namely PC-RGNN, dealing with such challenges by two specific solutions. On the one hand, we introduce a point cloud completion mod

Cody J. Duell, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Jason Austermann, Scott C. Chapman

The CCAT-prime project's first light array will be deployed in Mod-Cam, a single-module testbed and first light cryostat, on the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST) in Chile's high Atacama desert in late 2022. FYST is a six-meter aperture telescope being built on Cerro Chajnantor at an elevation of 5600 meters to observe at millimeter and submillimeter

Gabriel Turinici

Fitting neural networks often resorts to stochastic (or similar) gradient descent which is a noise-tolerant (and efficient) resolution of a gradient descent dynamics. It outputs a sequence of networks parameters, which sequence evolves during the training steps. The gradient descent is the limit, when the learning rate is small and the batch size is infinite

Freddie Illingworth

In 1973, Erd\H{o}s and Simonovits asked whether every $n$-vertex triangle-free graph with minimum degree greater than $1/3 \cdot n$ is 3-colourable. This question initiated the study of the chromatic profile of triangle-free graphs: for each $k$, what minimum degree guarantees that a triangle-free graph is $k$-colourable. This problem has a rich history whic

Brian Chang, Ram Sudhir Sharma, Trinh Huynh, Arshad Kudrolli

We investigate mucosalivary dispersal and deposition on horizontal surfaces corresponding to human exhalations with physical experiments under still-air conditions. Synthetic fluorescence tagged sprays with size and speed distributions comparable to human sneezes are observed with high-speed imaging. We show that while some larger droplets follow parabolic t

Eunok Yim, Ambre Bouillant, David Quéré, François Gallaire

Leidenfrost drops were recently found to host strong dynamics. In the present study, we investigate both experimentally and theoretically the {flows structures and stability} inside a Leidenfrost water drop as it evaporates, starting with a large puddle. As revealed by infrared mapping, the drop base is warmer than its apex by typically 10$^{\circ}$C, which

P. M. Biesheuvel

The activity coefficient of ions in solution was proposed by Bjerrum (1916) to depend on the cube root of concentration, because of a good fit with data for low and moderate salt concentration. However, Debye and H\"uckel (DH) later developed a theory that prevailed, and this theory has a square root dependence. The derivation of the DH equation is not easy

Tuomas Hytönen, Stefanos Lappas

In a previous paper, we obtained several "compact versions" of Rubio de Francia's weighted extrapolation theorem, which allowed us to extrapolate the compactness of linear operators from just one space to the full range of weighted Lebesgue spaces, where these operators are bounded. In this paper, we study the extrapolation of compactness for bilinear operat

Sonja Cox, Sven Karbach, Asma Khedher

We show the existence of a broad class of affine Markov processes in the cone of positive self-adjoint Hilbert-Schmidt operators. Such processes are well-suited as infinite dimensional stochastic volatility models. The class of processes we consider is an infinite dimensional analogue of the affine processes in the space of positive semi-definite and symmetr

Christoph Fleckenstein, Marin Bukov

We investigate a class of periodically driven many-body systems that allows us to extend the phenomenon of prethermalization to the vicinity of isolated intermediate-to-low drive frequencies away from the high-frequency limit. We provide numerical evidence for the formation of a parametrically long-lived prethermal plateau, captured by an effective Floquet H

Aravind Venugopal, Elizabeth Bondi, Harshavardhan Kamarthi, Keval Dholakia

Green Security Games (GSGs) have been successfully used in the protection of valuable resources such as fisheries, forests and wildlife. While real-world deployment involves both resource allocation and subsequent coordinated patrolling with communication and real-time, uncertain information, previous game models do not fully address both of these stages sim

Christian Kriso, Avijit Barua, Obaid Mohiuddin, Christoph Möller

Optical frequency combs based on mode-locked lasers have revolutionized many areas of science and technology, such as precision metrology, optical frequency synthesis or telecommunications. In recent years, a particular kind of frequency comb has been observed in edge-emitting semiconductor lasers where the phase difference between longitudinal laser modes i

P. Amaro, J. P. Santos, S. Bhattacharyya, T. K. Mukherjee

We applied a relativistic configuration-interaction (CI) framework to the stabilization method as an approach for obtaining the autoionization resonance structure of heliumlike ions. In this method, the ion is confined within an impenetrable spherical cavity, the size of which determines the radial space available for electron wavefunctions and electron-elec

Rair Macêdo, Arjun S. Kudinoor, Karen L. Livesey, Robert E. Camley

We report on the consequences of non-uniform exchange in magnetic systems. The quantum mechanical exchange interaction between spins is responsible for the phenomenon of magnetic order, and is generally considered to be uniform across bulk magnetic systems. Partly inspired by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction--also known as antisymmetric exchange--we use

Sayantan Pramanik, M Girish Chandra, Shampa Sarkar, Manoj Nambiar

An attempt has been made in this paper to modify Grover's Algorithm to find the binary string solutions approximating a target cost value. In that direction, new Controlled Oracle and the Local Diffusion Operator are suggested, apart from incorporating suitable ancilla qubits. A possible strategy to estimate eigenvalues and eigenstates of a given cost Hamilt

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta, T. Ackernley

First evidence of a structure in the $J/\psi \varLambda$ invariant mass distribution is obtained from an amplitude analysis of $\varXi_b^- \to J/\psi \varLambda K^-$ decays. The observed structure is consistent with being due to a charmonium pentaquark with strangeness. Its mass and width are determined to be $4458.8\pm2.9\,^{+4.7}_{-1.1}$MeV and $17.3\pm6.5

Manoel Horta Ribeiro, Robert West

YouTube plays a key role in entertaining and informing people around the globe. However, studying the platform is difficult due to the lack of randomly sampled data and of systematic ways to query the platform's colossal catalog. In this paper, we present YouNiverse, a large collection of channel and video metadata from English-language YouTube. YouNiverse c

Shami Chatterjee

In less than a decade, fast radio bursts have gone from a single debated curiosity to a diverse extragalactic population with established host galaxies and energy scales. While a wide range of models remain viable, the central engines of FRBs are likely to involve energetic young magnetars, as confirmed by the recent discovery of a Galactic analog to these e

P. D. Ledger, B. A. Wilson, A. A. S. Amad, W. R. B. Lionheart

The early detection of terrorist threats, such as guns and knives, through improved metal detection, has the potential to reduce the number of attacks and improve public safety and security. To achieve this, there is considerable potential to use the fields applied and measured by a metal detector to discriminate between different shapes and different metals

Francesco Avanzini, Emanuele Penocchio, Gianmaria Falasco, Massimiliano Esposito

All current formulations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics of open chemical reaction networks rely on the assumption of non-interacting species. We develop a general theory which accounts for interactions between chemical species within a mean-field approach using activity coefficients. Thermodynamic consistency requires that rate equations do not obey to sta

Jonathan Helland, Nathan VanHoudnos

In this work, we investigate the phenomenon that robust image classifiers have human-recognizable features -- often referred to as interpretability -- as revealed through the input gradients of their score functions and their subsequent adversarial perturbations. In particular, we demonstrate that state-of-the-art methods for adversarial training incorporate

V. Babiano-Suárez, J. Lerendegui-Marco, J. Balibrea-Correa, L. Caballero

i-TED is an innovative detection system which exploits Compton imaging techniques to achieve a superior signal-to-background ratio in ($n,\gamma$) cross-section measurements using time-of-flight technique. This work presents the first experimental validation of the i-TED apparatus for high-resolution time-of-flight experiments and demonstrates for the first

Antti Ranni, Fredrik Brange, Elsa T. Mannila, Christian Flindt

Controlled generation and detection of quantum entanglement between spatially separated particles constitute an essential prerequisite both for testing the foundations of quantum mechanics and for realizing future quantum technologies. Splitting of Cooper pairs from a superconductor provides entangled electrons at separate locations. However, experimentally

Telescope Array Collaboration

We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray composition by the Telescope Array Low-Energy Extension (TALE) air fluorescence detector (FD). By making use of the Cherenkov light signal in addition to air fluorescence light from cosmic ray (CR) induced extensive air showers, the TALE FD can measure the properties of the cosmic rays with energies as low as $\si

Nicholas J. Williams

We prove the conjecture that the higher Tamari orders of Dimakis and M\"uller-Hoissen coincide with the first higher Stasheff--Tamari orders. To this end, we show that the higher Tamari orders may be conceived as the image of an order-preserving map from the higher Bruhat orders to the first higher Stasheff--Tamari orders. This map is defined by taking the f

Benjamin Jourdain, Gilles Pagès

Quantization provides a very natural way to preserve the convex order when approximating two ordered probability measures by two finitely supported ones. Indeed, when the convex order dominating original probability measure is compactly supported, it is smaller than any of its dual quantizations while the dominated original measure is greater than any of its

Maxime Haddouche, Benjamin Guedj, John Shawe-Taylor

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a popular method for dimension reduction and has attracted an unfailing interest for decades. More recently, kernel PCA (KPCA) has emerged as an extension of PCA but, despite its use in practice, a sound theoretical understanding of KPCA is missing. We contribute several lower and upper bounds on the efficiency of KPCA,

Falko Baustian, Vladimir Bobkov

We establish sufficient assumptions on sequences of Fucik eigenvalues of the one-dimensional Laplacian which guarantee that the corresponding Fucik eigenfunctions form a Riesz basis in $L^2(0,\pi)$.

William Donnelly, Laurent Freidel, Seyed Faroogh Moosavian, Antony J. Speranza

The phase space of general relativity in a finite subregion is characterized by edge modes localized at the codimension-2 boundary, transforming under an infinite-dimensional group of symmetries. The quantization of this symmetry algebra is conjectured to be an important aspect of quantum gravity. As a step towards quantization, we derive a complete classifi

Mihai Fieraru, Mihai Zanfir, Elisabeta Oneata, Alin-Ionut Popa

Monocular estimation of three dimensional human self-contact is fundamental for detailed scene analysis including body language understanding and behaviour modeling. Existing 3d reconstruction methods do not focus on body regions in self-contact and consequently recover configurations that are either far from each other or self-intersecting, when they should

Francesco Turci, Nigel B. Wilding

Simulation studies of the phase diagram of repulsive active Brownian particles in three dimensions reveal that the region of motility-induced phase separation between a high and low density phase is enclosed by a region of gas-crystal phase separation. Near-critical loci and structural crossovers can additionally be identified in analogy with simple fluids.

Vadym Sakhno, Mykola Sakhno

The Ising model was generalized to a system of cells interacting exclusively by presence of shared spins. Within the cells there are interactions of any complexity, the simplest intracell interactions come down to the Ising model. The system may be not only one-dimensional but also two-dimensional, three-dimensional, etc. The purpose of the paper is to devel

C. Lemieux, J. Wiart

We introduce a new quality measure to assess randomized low-discrepancy point sets of finite size $n$. This new quality measure, which we call "pairwise sampling dependence index", is based on the concept of negative dependence. A negative value for this index implies that the corresponding point set integrates the indicator function of any unanchored box wi

Kassahun Betre, Evatt Salinger

In this paper we prove that the inductively defined graph dimension has a simple additive property under the join operation. The dimension of the join of two simple graphs is one plus the sum of the dimensions of the component graphs: $\mathrm{dim}\, (G_1+ G_2) = 1 +\mathrm{dim}\, G_1+ \mathrm{dim}\, G_2$. We use this formula to derive an expression for the

Johnathan M. Bulled, Joseph A. M. Paddison, Andrew Wildes, Elsa Lhotel

In the dense metal-organic framework Na[Mn(HCOO)$_3$], Mn$^{2+}$ ions ($S=\frac{5}{2}$) occupy the nodes of a `trillium' hyperkagome net. We show that this material exhibits a variety of behaviour characteristic of geometric frustration: the N\'eel transition is suppressed well below the characteristic magnetic interaction strength; short-range magnetic orde

Weiwen Jiang, Jinjun Xiong, Yiyu Shi

Along with the development of AI democratization, the machine learning approach, in particular neural networks, has been applied to wide-range applications. In different application scenarios, the neural network will be accelerated on the tailored computing platform. The acceleration of neural networks on classical computing platforms, such as CPU, GPU, FPGA

Silvia Mollerach

A review of the status of the knowledge in the field of High-energy cosmic particles is presented. The spectrum, arrival direction distribution and composition measurements are summarized, together with some implications for the understanding of the cosmic ray origin and their propagation. Special emphasis is put in the ultra-high energy range, corresponding

Larisa V. Arapkina, Kirill V. Chizh, Dmitry B. Stavrovskii, Vladimir P. Dubkov

In this article, the results of investigation of processes occurring during the molecular-beam deposition of germanium layers on Si$_3$N$_4$ dielectric substrates within a wide range of the Ge film growth temperatures (30 to 600{\deg}C) are presented. The intensity of the IR absorption bands related to the vibrations of the N$-$H and Si$-$N bonds are establi

Vinícius da Silva, Tiago Novello, Hélio Lopes, Luiz Velho

We introduce Proceduray, an engine for real-time ray tracing of procedural geometry. Its motivation is the current lack of mid-level abstraction tools for scenes with primitives involving intersection shaders. Those scenes impose strict engine design choices since they need flexibility in the shader table setup. Proceduray aims at providing a fair tradeoff b

L. E. Rivera Sandoval, T. J. Maccarone, Y. Cavecchi, C. Britt

We report on multi-wavelength observations during quiescence and of the first detected outburst of the ~60 min orbital period AM CVn SDSS J113732+405458. Using X-ray and UV observations we determined an upper limit duration of the event of about one year. The amplitude of the outburst was remarkably small, of around one magnitude in r and 0.5 magnitudes in g

Gabriele Lagani, Raffaele Mazziotti, Fabrizio Falchi, Claudio Gennaro

Previous work has shown that it is possible to train neuronal cultures on Multi-Electrode Arrays (MEAs), to recognize very simple patterns. However, this work was mainly focused to demonstrate that it is possible to induce plasticity in cultures, rather than performing a rigorous assessment of their pattern recognition performance. In this paper, we address

Federico García, Mariano Méndez, Konstantinos Karpouzas, Tomaso Belloni

Spectral-timing analysis of the fast variability observed in X-rays is a powerful tool to study the physical and geometrical properties of the accretion/ejection flows in black-hole binaries. The origin of type-B quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO), predominantly observed in black-hole candidates in the soft-intermediate state, has been linked to emission aris

Pierrick Bousseau, Andrea Brini, Michel van Garrel

In arXiv:2011.08830 we established a series of correspondences relating five enumerative theories of log Calabi-Yau surfaces, i.e. pairs $(Y,D)$ with $Y$ a smooth projective complex surface and $D=D_1+\dots +D_l$ an anticanonical divisor on $Y$ with each $D_i$ smooth and nef. In this paper we explore the generalisation to $Y$ being a smooth Deligne-Mumford s

Elchanan Mossel

These lecture notes are based on lectures given in 2019 Saint-Flour Probability School.

Oxana A. Manita, Mark A. Peletier, Jacobus W. Portegies, Jaron Sanders

We prove two universal approximation theorems for a range of dropout neural networks. These are feed-forward neural networks in which each edge is given a random $\{0,1\}$-valued filter, that have two modes of operation: in the first each edge output is multiplied by its random filter, resulting in a random output, while in the second each edge output is mul

Jithin Ravi, Tobias Koch

This paper considers a Gaussian multiple-access channel with random user activity where the total number of users $\ell_n$ and the average number of active users $k_n$ may grow with the blocklength $n$. For this channel, it studies the maximum number of bits that can be transmitted reliably per unit-energy as a function of $\ell_n$ and $k_n$. When all users

Ivan Kolář, Francisco José Maldonado Torralba, Anupam Mazumdar

The junction conditions for the infinite derivative gravity theory ${R{+}RF(\Box)R}$ are derived under the assumption that the conditions can be imposed by avoiding the `ill-defined expressions' in the theory of distributions term by term in infinite summations. We find that the junction conditions of such non-local theories are much more restrictive than in

Daniel Shapiro

Small business classification is a difficult and important task within many applications, including customer segmentation. Training on small business names introduces gender and geographic origin biases. A model for predicting one of 66 business types based only upon the business name was developed in this work (top-1 f1-score = 60.2%). Two approaches to rem

Chiara Fort, Michele Modugno

We theoretically investigate the self-evaporation dynamics of quantum droplets in a 41K-87Rb mixture, in free-space. The dynamical formation of the droplet and the effects related to the presence of three-body losses are analyzed by means of numerical simulations. We identify a regime of parameters allowing for the observation of the droplet self-evaporation

L. Caldwell, M. R. Tarbutt

State-dependent optical tweezers can be used to trap a pair of molecules with a separation much smaller than the wavelength of the trapping light, greatly enhancing the dipole-dipole interaction between them. Here we describe a general approach to producing these state-dependent potentials using the tensor part of the ac Stark shift and show how it can be us

Brian J. Koopman, Jack Lashner, Lauren J. Saunders, Matthew Hasselfield

The Simons Observatory (SO) is an upcoming polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment with three small-aperture telescopes and one large-aperture telescope that will observe from the Atacama Desert in Chile. In total, SO will field over 60,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers in six spectral bands centered between 27 and 280 GHz to

Konstantinos Koumatos, Corrado Lattanzio, Stefano Spirito, Athanasios E. Tzavaras

We consider nonlinear viscoelastic materials of Kelvin-Voigt type with stored energies satisfying an Andrews-Ball condition, allowing for non convexity in a compact set. Existence of weak solutions with deformation gradients in $H^1$ is established for energies of any superquadratic growth. In two space dimensions, weak solutions notably turn out to be uniqu

Maxim Polyakov, Illarion Popov, Alexander Losev, Alexander Khoperskov

This work was done with the aim of developing the fundamental breast cancer early differential diagnosis foundations based on modeling the space-time temperature distribution using the microwave radiothermometry method and obtained data intelligent analysis. The article deals with the machine learning application in the microwave radiothermometry data analys

T. H. Jarrett, A. Comrie, L. Marchetti, A. Sivitilli

Scientists across all disciplines increasingly rely on machine learning algorithms to analyse and sort datasets of ever increasing volume and complexity. Although trends and outliers are easily extracted, careful and close inspection will still be necessary to explore and disentangle detailed behavior, as well as identify systematics and false positives. We

Ahmad H. Alkasasbeh, Danny Dyer

In this paper, we present a new sufficiency condition to obtain a graceful labelling for every $kC_{4n}$ snake and use this condition to label every such snake for $n=1,2,\ldots,6$. Then, we extend this result to cyclic snakes where the cycles lengths vary. Also, we obtain new results on the (near) graceful labelling of cyclic snakes based on cycles of lengt

Muzaffer Özbey, Mahmut Yurt, Salman Ul Hassan Dar, Tolga Çukur

Mainstream deep models for three-dimensional MRI synthesis are either cross-sectional or volumetric depending on the input. Cross-sectional models can decrease the model complexity, but they may lead to discontinuity artifacts. On the other hand, volumetric models can alleviate the discontinuity artifacts, but they might suffer from loss of spatial resolutio

Jorge Delgado, Claudia Ferreiro-Córdova, Alejandro Gil-Villegas

The natural variation of temperature at ambient conditions produces spontaneous patterns on the surface of chocolate, which result from fat bloom. These patterns are peculiar because of their shape and cannot be obtained by controlled temperature conditions. The formation of these spontaneous grains on the surface of chocolate is studied on experimental and

Muhammad Zafrullah

Let $D$ be an integral domain with quotient field $K,$ throughout$.$ Call two elements $x,y\in D\backslash \{0\}$ $v$-coprime if $xD\cap yD=xyD.$ Call a nonzero non unit $r$ of an integral domain $D$ rigid if for all $x,y|r$ we have $x|y$ or $y|x.$ Also call $D$ semirigid if every nonzero non unit of $D$ is expressible as a finite product of rigid elements.

Vinodkumar Saranathan, Cédric Finet

Vivid structural colors in birds are a conspicuous and vital part of their phenotype. They are produced by a rich diversity of integumentary photonic nanostructures in skin and feathers. Unlike pigmentary coloration, whose molecular genetic basis is being elucidated, little is known regarding the pathways underpinning organismal structural coloration. Here,

Dan Betea, Patrik Ferrari, Alessandra Occelli

We study the multipoint distribution of stationary half-space last passage percolation with exponentially weighted times. We derive both finite-size and asymptotic results for this distribution. In the latter case we observe a new one-parameter process we call half-space Airy stat. It is a one-parameter generalization of the Airy stat process of Baik-Ferrari

D. Kalincev, L. S. Dreissen, A. P. Kulosa, C-H. Yeh

We study heating of motional modes of a single ion and of extended ion crystals trapped in a linear radio frequency (rf) Paul trap with a precision of $\Delta \dot{\bar{n}} \approx 0.2 $ phonons s$^{-1}$. Single-ion axial and radial heating rates are consistent and electric field noise has been stable over the course of four years. At a secular frequency of

Mikita Sazanovich, Anastasiya Nikolskaya, Yury Belousov, Aleksei Shpilman

Black-box optimization is one of the vital tasks in machine learning, since it approximates real-world conditions, in that we do not always know all the properties of a given system, up to knowing almost nothing but the results. This paper describes our approach to solving the black-box optimization challenge at NeurIPS 2020 through learning search space par

Sai Praneeth Karimireddy, Lie He, Martin Jaggi

Byzantine robustness has received significant attention recently given its importance for distributed and federated learning. In spite of this, we identify severe flaws in existing algorithms even when the data across the participants is identically distributed. First, we show realistic examples where current state of the art robust aggregation rules fail to

Will Boultinghouse, Jane Long, Olena Kozhushkina, Justin Trulen

Properties of 2-adic valuation sequences for general quadratic polynomials with integer coefficients are determined directly from the coefficients. These properties include boundedness or unboundedness, periodicity, and valuations at terminating nodes. We completely describe the periodic sequences in the bounded case. Throughout, we frame results in terms of

Maël Balluet, Florian Sizaire, Youssef El Habouz, Thomas Walter

Artificial intelligence is nowadays used for cell detection and classification in optical microscopy, during post-acquisition analysis. The microscopes are now fully automated and next expected to be smart, to make acquisition decisions based on the images. It calls for analysing them on the fly. Biology further imposes training on a reduced dataset due to c

Elias John Thomas, S. V. Ullas Chandran, James Tuite, Gabriele Di Stefano

The general position problem in graph theory asks for the largest set $S$ of vertices of a graph $G$ such that no shortest path of $G$ contains more than two vertices of $S$. In this paper we consider a variant of the general position problem called the \emph{monophonic position problem}, obtained by replacing `shortest path' by `induced path'. We prove some

Leonard Vance, Jekan Thangavelautham

The exploration of small body asteroids provides direct access to the primitive building blocks of our solar system. Sample and return missions enable chemical and radioisotope studies which not only provide evidence for the formation of the solar system, but also a basic understanding of where resources might be found for future exploitation. The touch-down

Liang Ma

As a widely observable social effect, influence diffusion refers to a process where innovations, trends, awareness, etc. spread across the network via the social impact among individuals. Motivated by such social effect, the concept of influence maximization is coined, where the goal is to select a bounded number of the most influential nodes (seed nodes) fr

M. Lytova, M. Spanner, I. Tamblyn

Using machine learning, we explore the utility of various deep neural networks (NN) when applied to high harmonic generation (HHG) scenarios. First, we train the NNs to predict the time-dependent dipole and spectra of HHG emission from reduced-dimensionality models of di- and triatomic systems based of on sets of randomly generated parameters (laser pulse in

Huu-Quang Nguyen, Ruey-Lin Sheu, Yong Xia

We propose a new formulation of quadratic optimization problems. The objective function $F(f(x),g(x))$ is given as composition of a quadratic function $F(z)$ with two $n$-variate quadratic functions $z_1=f(x)$ and $z_2=g(x).$ In addition, it incorporates with a set of linear inequality constraints in $z=(z_1,z_2)^T,$ while having an implicit constraint that

H S. Jacinto, A. Matthew Smith

In this work the novel usage of a physically unclonable function composed of a network of Mach-Zehnder interferometers for authentication tasks is described. The physically unclonable function hardware is completely reconfigurable, allowing for a large number of seemingly independent devices to be utilized, thus imitating a large array of single-response phy

Sebastian Schenk, Michael Spannowsky

Instanton processes are present in a variety of quantum field theories relevant to high energy as well as condensed matter physics. While they have led to important theoretical insights and physical applications, their underlying features often remain elusive due to the complicated computational treatment. Here, we address this problem by studying topologica

Balakrishna S. Haridasu, Matteo Viel, Nicola Vittorio

By focusing on the simple $w\neq-1$ extension to $\Lambda$CDM, we assess which epoch(s) possibly source the $H_0$-tension. We consider Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data in three possible ways: $i)$ complete CMB data; $ii)$ excluding the $l<30$ temperature and polarization likelihoods; $iii)$ imposing early universe priors, that disentangle early and lat

F. Hivert, J. D. Mitchell, F. L. Smith, W. A. Wilson

In this paper, we determine minimal generating sets for several well-known monoids of matrices over semirings. In particular, we find minimal generating sets for the monoids consisting of: all $n\times n$ boolean matrices when $n\leq 8$; the $n\times n$ boolean matrices containing the identity matrix (the reflexive boolean matrices) when $n\leq 7$; the $n\ti

Duncan Neill, William G. Newton, David Tsang

The behaviour of the nuclear symmetry energy near saturation density is important for our understanding of dense nuclear matter. This density dependence can be parameterised by the nuclear symmetry energy and its derivatives evaluated at nuclear saturation density. In this work we show that the core-crust interface mode of a neutron star is sensitive to thes

Martin Bojowald, Jonathan Guglielmon, Martijn van Kuppeveld

Eigenvalues are defined for any element of an algebra of observables and do not require a representation in terms of wave functions or density matrices. A systematic algebraic derivation based on moments is presented here for the harmonic oscillator, together with a perturbative treatment of anharmonic systems. In this process, a collection of inequalities i

Maillard Odalric-Ambrym

In this paper, we revisit the concentration inequalities for the supremum of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued continuous distribution as established by Dvoretzky, Kiefer, Wolfowitz and revisited later by Massart in two seminal papers. We focus on the concentration of the \emph{local} supremum over a sub-interval, rather than on the

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka

In this paper, we present the measurement of the energy spectra of carbon and oxygen in cosmic rays based on observations with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station from October 2015 to October 2019. Analysis, including the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties, and results are reported. The energy spectra a

Huu-Quang Nguyen, Ruey-Lin Sheu, Yong Xia

We answer an open question proposed by P\'{o}lik and Terlaky in 2007 that: {\it how we can decide whether two quadratic surfaces intersect without actually computing the intersections?}

João Vitor da Silva, Gabrielle Nornberg

We develop an optimal regularity theory for $L^p$-viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equations in nondivergence form whose gradient growth is described through a Hamiltonian function with measurable and possibly unbounded coefficients. Our approach treats both superlinear and sublinear gradient regimes in a unified way. We show $C^{0,\

Philip A. Hanson, Paul A. Jenkins, Jere Koskela, Dario Spanò

The Ancestral Selection Graph (ASG) is an important genealogical process which extends the well-known Kingman coalescent to incorporate natural selection. We show that the number of lineages of the ASG with and without mutation is asymptotic to $2/t$ as $t\to 0$, in agreement with the limiting behaviour of the Kingman coalescent. We couple these processes on

Rahul Singh

Negative control is a strategy for learning the causal relationship between treatment and outcome in the presence of unmeasured confounding. The treatment effect can nonetheless be identified if two auxiliary variables are available: a negative control treatment (which has no effect on the actual outcome), and a negative control outcome (which is not affecte

A. Matthew Smith, H S. Jacinto

In this article we describe the characteristics of a large integrated linear optical device containing Mach-Zehnder interferometers and describe its potential use as a physically unclonable function. We propose that any tunable interferometric device of practical scale will be intrinsically unclonable and will possess an inherent randomness that can be usefu

Rachit Agarwal, Tarek Elsaleh, Elias Tragos

Testing and experimentation are crucial for promoting innovation and building systems that can evolve to meet high levels of service quality. IoT data that belong to users and from which their personal information can be inferred are frequently shared in the background of IoT systems with third parties for experimentation and building quality services. This

CHR Chhak, Andrew Tolmach, Sean Anderson

Hardware-assisted reference monitoring is receiving increasing attention as a way to improve the security of existing software. One example is the PIPE architecture extension, which attaches metadata tags to register and memory values and executes tag-based rules at each machine instruction to enforce a software-defined security policy. To use PIPE effective

Quentin Goutaland, Frédéric van Wijland, Jean-Baptiste Fournier, Hiroshi Noguchi

Membrane phase behavior induced by the binding of curvature-inducing proteins is studied by a combination of analytical and numerical approaches. In thermal equilibrium under the detailed balance between binding and unbinding, the membrane exhibits three phases: an unbound uniform flat phase (U), a bound uniform flat phase (B), and a separated/corrugated pha

Tahereh Arabghalizi, Alexandros Labrinidis

Subject selection plays a critical role in experimental studies, especially ones with human subjects. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many such studies, done at or near university campus settings suffer from selection bias, i.e., the too-many-college-kids-as-subjects problem. Unfortunately, traditional sampling techniques, when applied over biased data, wil

Jeppe R. Andersen, James A. Black, Helen M. Brooks, Emmet P. Byrne

Large logarithmic corrections in $\hat s/p_t^2$ lead to substantial variations in the perturbative predictions for inclusive $W$-plus-dijet processes at the Large Hadron Collider. This instability can be cured by summing the leading-logarithmic contributions in $\hat s/p_t^2$ to all orders in $\alpha_s$. As expected though, leading logarithmic accuracy is in

Peng Shi, Patrick Ng, Zhiguo Wang, Henghui Zhu

Most recently, there has been significant interest in learning contextual representations for various NLP tasks, by leveraging large scale text corpora to train large neural language models with self-supervised learning objectives, such as Masked Language Model (MLM). However, based on a pilot study, we observe three issues of existing general-purpose langua

Huu-Quang Nguyen, Ya-Chi Chu, Ruey-Lin Sheu

Given a quadratic function $f(x)=x^TAx+2a^Tx+a_0,$ it is possible that its level set $\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n: f(x)=0\}$ has two connected components and thus can be separated by the level set $\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n: g(x)=0\}$ of another quadratic function $g(x)=x^TBx+2b^Tx+b_0.$ It turns out that the separation property of such kind has great implication in quadrat