June 2022 arXiv papers

Alex Tong Lin, Stanley J. Osher

We introduce a method called MASCOT (Multi-Agent Shape Control with Optimal Transport) to compute optimal control solutions of agents with shape/formation/density constraints. For example, we might want to apply shape constraints on the agents -- perhaps we desire the agents to hold a particular shape along the path, or we want agents to spread out in order

Javier Correa, Elizabeth Flores

This study examines the tree models of mildly dissipative diffeomorphisms on the disk $\D$. These models are one-dimensional dynamical systems with ergodic aperiodic data as well as some properties of the original dynamics. The focus of this work is their quality as dynamical invariants in both the topological and ergodic sense.

Zhimeng Ouyang, Lei Wu, Qinghua Xiao

The relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell-Landau (r-VML) system and the relativistic Landau equation (r-LAN) are fundamental models that describe the dynamics of an electron gas. In this paper, we introduce a novel weighted energy method and establish the validity of the Hilbert expansion for the r-VML system and r-LAN equation. As the Knudsen number shrinks to zero,

Richie Diurba, Rob Fine, Mandeep Gill, Harvey Newman

This document has been prepared as a Snowmass contributed paper by the Public Policy & Government Engagement topical group (CEF06) within the Community Engagement Frontier. The charge of CEF06 is to review all aspects of how the High Energy Physics (HEP) community engages with government at all levels and how public policy impacts members of the community an

Richie Diurba, Rob Fine, Mandeep Gill, Harvey Newman

This document has been prepared as a Snowmass contributed paper by the Public Policy \& Government Engagement topical group (CEF06) within the Community Engagement Frontier. The charge of CEF06 is to review all aspects of how the High Energy Physics (HEP) community engages with government at all levels and how public policy impacts members of the community a

David A. Ross

The roots of a complex polynomial depend continuously on the coefficients; that is, an infinitesimal perturbation of the coefficients results in an infinitesimal perturbation of the roots. A short, straightforward proof of this is possible using infinitesimals.

Mateus Carneiro, Richie Diurba, Rob Fine, Mandeep Gill

This document has been prepared as a Snowmass contributed paper by the Public Policy \& Government Engagement topical group (CEF06) within the Community Engagement Frontier. The charge of CEF06 is to review all aspects of how the High Energy Physics (HEP) community engages with government at all levels and how public policy impacts members of the community a

Xinshao Wang, Yang Hua, Elyor Kodirov, Sankha Subhra Mukherjee

There is a family of label modification approaches including self and non-self label correction (LC), and output regularisation. They are widely used for training robust deep neural networks (DNNs), but have not been mathematically and thoroughly analysed together. We study them and discover three key issues: (1) We are more interested in adopting Self LC as

Nuha Albadi, Maram Kurdi, Shivakant Mishra

Growing evidence suggests that YouTube's recommendation algorithm plays a role in online radicalization via surfacing extreme content. Radical Islamist groups, in particular, have been profiting from the global appeal of YouTube to disseminate hate and jihadist propaganda. In this quantitative, data-driven study, we investigate the prevalence of religiou

Amitis Shidani, George Deligiannidis, Arnaud Doucet

We study the ranking problem in generalized linear bandits. At each time, the learning agent selects an ordered list of items and observes stochastic outcomes. In recommendation systems, displaying an ordered list of the most attractive items is not always optimal as both position and item dependencies result in a complex reward function. A very naive exampl

Roberta Pappadà, Francesco Pauli

Machine learning algorithms are routinely used for business decisions that may directly affect individuals, for example, because a credit scoring algorithm refuses them a loan. It is then relevant from an ethical (and legal) point of view to ensure that these algorithms do not discriminate based on sensitive attributes (like sex or race), which may occur unw

Denis S. Krotov

A tiling of a vector space $S$ is the pair $(U,V)$ of its subsets such that every vector in $S$ is uniquely represented as the sum of a vector from $U$ and a vector from $V$. A tiling is connected to a perfect codes if one of the sets, say $U$, is projective, i.e., the union of one-dimensional subspaces of $S$. A tiling $(U,V)$ is full-rank if the affine spa

Ronald Fagin, Jonathan Lenchner, Nikhil Vyas, Ryan Williams

In 1981, Neil Immerman described a two-player game, which he called the "separability game" \cite{Immerman81}, that captures the number of quantifiers needed to describe a property in first-order logic. Immerman's paper laid the groundwork for studying the number of quantifiers needed to express properties in first-order logic, but the game seeme

Björn Eichmann, Foteini Oikonomou, Silvia Salvatore, Ralf-Jürgen Dettmar

Multi-wavelength observations indicate that some starburst galaxies show a dominant non-thermal contribution from their central region. These active galactic nuclei (AGN)-starburst composites are of special interest, as both phenomena on their own are potential sources of highly-energetic cosmic rays and associated gamma-ray and neutrino emission. In this wo

Chris Fox, Paul Wiegert

The Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) is a Canadian-led 15 cm Earth-orbiting telescope originally designed to detect asteroids near the Sun. Its design is however also suitable for the observation of exoplanetary transits of bright stars. We used the NEOSSat platform to perform followup observations of several Transiting Exoplanets Survey Sa

Kendrick Qijun Li, Kenneth Martin Rice

Large-sample Bayesian analogs exist for many frequentist methods, but are less well-known for the widely-used 'sandwich' or 'robust' variance estimates. We review existing approaches to Bayesian analogs of sandwich variance estimates and propose a new analog, as the Bayes rule under a form of balanced loss function, that combines elements of

Matthew Jagielski, Om Thakkar, Florian Tramèr, Daphne Ippolito

Machine learning models exhibit two seemingly contradictory phenomena: training data memorization, and various forms of forgetting. In memorization, models overfit specific training examples and become susceptible to privacy attacks. In forgetting, examples which appeared early in training are forgotten by the end. In this work, we connect these phenomena. W

Daniel Glasscock

In the topological dynamical system $(X,T)$, a point $x$ simultaneously approximates a point $y$ if there exists a sequence $n_1$, $n_2$, ... of natural numbers for which $T^{n_i} x$, $T^{2n_i}x$, ..., $T^{k n_i} x$ all tend to $y$. In 1978, Furstenberg and Weiss showed that every system possesses a point which simultaneously approximates itself (a multiply

Tommaso Adamo, Lucio Colizzi, Giovanni Dimauro, Gianpaolo Ghiani

The Tourist Trip Design Problem aims to prescribe a sightseeing plan that maximizes tourist satisfaction while taking into account a multitude of parameters and constraints, such as the distances among points of interest, the expected duration of each visit, the opening hours of each attraction, the time available daily. In this article we deal with a varian

Wen Wan, Rishav Harsh, Antonella Meninno, Paul Dreher

Kondo lattices are ideal testbeds for the exploration of heavy-fermion quantum phases of matter. While our understanding of Kondo lattices has traditionally relied on complex bulk f-electron systems, transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers have recently emerged as simple, accessible and tunable 2D Kondo lattice platforms where, however, their ground s

Marvin Teichmann, Andre Aichert, Hanibal Bohnenberger, Philipp Ströbel

Current approaches for classification of whole slide images (WSI) in digital pathology predominantly utilize a two-stage learning pipeline. The first stage identifies areas of interest (e.g. tumor tissue), while the second stage processes cropped tiles from these areas in a supervised fashion. During inference, a large number of tiles are combined into a uni

R. R. Rodriguez, B. Ahmadi, G. Suarez, P. Mazurek

Quantum control allows us to address the problem of engineering quantum dynamics for special purposes. While recently the field of quantum batteries has attracted much attention, optimization of their charging has not benefited from the quantum control methods. Here we fill this gap by using an optimization method. We apply for the first time this convergent

W. Daughton, B. J. Albright, S. M. Finnegan, Brian M. Haines

After decades of research, recent laser-driven inertial fusion experiments have demonstrated rapid progress toward achieving thermonuclear ignition using capsule designs with cryogenic fuel layers. The ignition physics for these layered capsules involves a complex interplay between the dynamically forming hot spot and the dense surrounding fuel. Using analyt

ATLAS Collaboration

The Standard Model of particle physics describes the known fundamental particles and forces that make up our universe, with the exception of gravity. One of the central features of the Standard Model is a field that permeates all of space and interacts with fundamental particles. The quantum excitation of this field, known as Higgs field, manifests itself as

Tairan Liu, Yuzhu Li, Hatice Ceylan Koydemir, Yijie Zhang

We present a rapid and stain-free quantitative viral plaque assay using lensfree holographic imaging and deep learning. This cost-effective, compact, and automated device significantly reduces the incubation time needed for traditional plaque assays while preserving their advantages over other virus quantification methods. This device captures ~0.32 Giga-pix

Guillermo Badia, Ronald Fagin, Carles Noguera

Many-valued logics in general, and fuzzy logics in particular, usually focus on a notion of consequence based on preservation of full truth, typical represented by the value 1 in the semantics given the real unit interval [0,1]. In a recent paper (\emph{Foundations of Reasoning with Uncertainty via Real-valued Logics}, arXiv:2008.02429v2, 2021), Ronald Fagin

Thomas C. Sideris

A class of isotropic and scale invariant strain energy functions is given for which the corresponding spherically symmetric elastic motion includes bodies whose diameter becomes infinite with time or collapses to zero in finite time, depending on the sign of the residual pressure. The body is surrounded by vacuum so that the boundary surface forces vanish, w

Rahul Kumar Walia, Sushant G Ghosh, Sunil D Maharaj

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observation unveiled the first image of supermassive black hole Sgr A* showing a shadow of diameter $θ_{sh}= 48.7 \pm 7\,μ$as with fractional deviation from the Schwarzschild black hole shadow diameter $δ= -0.08^{+0.09}_{-0.09}~\text{(VLTI)},-0.04^{+0.09}_{-0.10}~\text{(Keck)}$. The Sgr A* shadow size is within $~10\%$ of th

M. E. J. Newman

We study the ranking of individuals, teams, or objects, based on pairwise comparisons between them, using the Bradley-Terry model. Estimates of rankings within this model are commonly made using a simple iterative algorithm first introduced by Zermelo almost a century ago. Here we describe an alternative and similarly simple iteration that provably returns i

J. David Brown

Textbook treatments of classical mechanics typically assume that the Lagrangian is nonsingular. That is, the matrix of second derivatives of the Lagrangian with respect to the velocities is invertible. This assumption insures that (i) Lagrange's equations can be solved for the accelerations as functions of coordinates and velocities, and (ii) the definit

Per Sebastian Skardal, Sabina Adhikari, Juan G. Restrepo

We study synchronization dynamics in populations of coupled phase oscillators with higher-order interactions and community structure. We find that the combination of these two properties gives rise to a number of states unsupported by either higher-order interactions or community structure alone, including synchronized states with communities organized into

Zhijie Wang, Masanori Suganuma, Takayuki Okatani

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) adapts a model trained on one domain (called source) to a novel domain (called target) using only unlabeled data. Due to its high annotation cost, researchers have developed many UDA methods for semantic segmentation, which assume no labeled sample is available in the target domain. We question the practicality of this as

I. I. Khabibullin, E. M. Churazov, A. M. Bykov, N. N. Chugai

We report the discovery of a candidate X-ray supernova remnant SRGe J003602.3+605421=G121.1-1.9 in the course of \textit{SRG}/eROSITA all-sky survey. The object is located at (l,b)=(121.1$^\circ$,-1.9$^\circ$), is $\approx36$ arcmin in angular size and has a nearly circular shape. Clear variations in spectral shape of the X-ray emission across the object are

Iván Alvarez-Ríos, Francisco S. Guzmán

We introduce a tool that solves the Schrödinger-Euler-Poisson system of equations and allows the study of the interaction between ultralight bosonic dark matter, whose dynamics is described with the Schrödinger-Poisson system and luminous matter which, as a first approximation, is modeled with a single component compressible ideal fluid. The two matter field

Adel Awad, Alexey Golovnev, María-José Guzmán, Waleed El Hanafy

We study various forms of diagonal tetrads that accommodate Black Hole solutions in $f(T)$ gravity with certain symmetries. As is well-known, vacuum spherically symmetric diagonal tetrads lead to rather boring cases of constant torsion scalars. We extend this statement to other possible horizon topologies, namely, spherical, hyperbolic and planar horizons. A

V. A. Berezin, V. I. Dokuchaev

We investigated the possibility of the homogeneous and isotropic cosmological solution in Weyl geometry, which differs from the Riemannian geometry by adding the so called Weyl vector. The Weyl gravity is obtained by constructing the gravitational Lagrangian both to be quadratic in curvatures and conformal invariant. It is found that such solution may exist

Paul Pu Liang, Yiwei Lyu, Gunjan Chhablani, Nihal Jain

The promise of multimodal models for real-world applications has inspired research in visualizing and understanding their internal mechanics with the end goal of empowering stakeholders to visualize model behavior, perform model debugging, and promote trust in machine learning models. However, modern multimodal models are typically black-box neural networks,

Zixiang Xu, Chi Hoi Yip

Given a finite abelian group $G$ and a subset $J\subset G$ with $0\in J$, let $D_{G}(J,N)$ be the maximum size of $A\subset G^{N}$ such that the difference set $A-A$ and $J^{N}$ have no non-trivial intersection. Recently, this extremal problem has been widely studied for different groups $G$ and subsets $J$. In this paper, we generalize and improve the relev

Yanwei Wang, Ching-Yun Ko, Pulkit Agrawal

One powerful paradigm in visual navigation is to predict actions from observations directly. Training such an end-to-end system allows representations useful for downstream tasks to emerge automatically. However, the lack of inductive bias makes this system data inefficient. We hypothesize a sufficient representation of the current view and the goal view for

Wengang Zhou, Weilun Wang, Jianmin Bao, Dongdong Chen

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) have achieved remarkable success in various image generation tasks compared with Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs). Recent work on semantic image synthesis mainly follows the de facto GAN-based approaches, which may lead to unsatisfactory quality or diversity of generated images. In this paper, we propose a n

Sanjana Das, Hannah Lang, Hamilton Wan, Nancy Xu

Motivated by the study of the summatory $k$-free indicator and totient functions in the classical setting, we investigate their function field analogues. First, we derive an expression for the error terms of the summatory functions in terms of the zeros of the associated zeta function. Under the Linear Independence hypothesis, we explicitly construct the lim

Debmalya Mandal, Stelios Triantafyllou, Goran Radanovic

We introduce the framework of performative reinforcement learning where the policy chosen by the learner affects the underlying reward and transition dynamics of the environment. Following the recent literature on performative prediction~\cite{Perdomo et. al., 2020}, we introduce the concept of performatively stable policy. We then consider a regularized ver

CMS Collaboration

In July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the CERN Large Hadron Collider announced the observation of a Higgs boson at a mass of around 125 GeV. Ten years later, and with the data corresponding to the production of 30 times larger number of Higgs bosons, we have learnt much more about the properties of the Higgs boson. The CMS experiment has observed

Minwoo Suh

We construct multi-charged $AdS_3\timesΣ\timesΣ_{\mathfrak{g}}$ and $AdS_2\timesΣ\timesΣ_{\mathfrak{g}}$ solutions from M5-branes and D4-branes wrapped on a direct product of spindle, $Σ$, and Riemann surface, $Σ_{\mathfrak{g}}$. Employing uplift formula, we obtain these solutions by uplifting the multi-charged $AdS_3\timesΣ$ and $AdS_2\timesΣ$ solutions to

Aditya Chowdhury, Nissim Kanekar, Jayaram N. Chengalur

We describe the design, data analysis, and basic results of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Cold-HI AT $z\approx1$ (GMRT-CAT$z$1) survey, a 510-hour upgraded GMRT HI 21 cm emission survey of galaxies at $z=0.74-1.45$ in the DEEP2 survey fields. The GMRT-CAT$z$1 survey is aimed at characterising HI in galaxies during and just after the epoch of peak star-

Viola De Renzis, Davide Gerosa, Geraint Pratten, Patricia Schmidt

Spin precession in merging black-hole binaries is a treasure trove for both astrophysics and fundamental physics. There are now well-established strategies to infer from gravitational-wave data whether at least one of the two black holes is precessing. In this paper we tackle the next-in-line target, namely the statistical assessment that the observed system

Matan Ben Dov, David Shnaiderov, Adi Makmal, Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

A common requirement of quantum simulations and algorithms is the preparation of complex states through sequences of 2-qubit gates. For a generic quantum state, the number of gates grows exponentially with the number of qubits, becoming unfeasible on near-term quantum devices. Here, we aim at creating an approximate encoding of the target state using a limit

Lingdong Kong, Jiawei Ren, Liang Pan, Ziwei Liu

Densely annotating LiDAR point clouds is costly, which restrains the scalability of fully-supervised learning methods. In this work, we study the underexplored semi-supervised learning (SSL) in LiDAR segmentation. Our core idea is to leverage the strong spatial cues of LiDAR point clouds to better exploit unlabeled data. We propose LaserMix to mix laser beam

Martin Bauer, Patrick Foldenauer

Extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics with new Abelian gauge groups allow for kinetic mixing between the new gauge bosons and the hypercharge gauge boson, resulting in mixing with the photon. In many models the mixing with the hypercharge gauge boson captures only part of the kinetic mixing term with the photon, since the new gauge bosons can

Joris Witstok, Renske Smit, Roberto Maiolino, Nimisha Kumari

We present new [O III] 88 ${\rm μ}$m observations of five bright $z \sim 7$ Lyman-break galaxies spectroscopically confirmed by ALMA through the [C II] 158 ${\rm μ}$m line, unlike recent [O III] detections where Lyman-${\rm α}$ was used. This nearly doubles the sample of Epoch of Reionisation galaxies with robust ($5 σ$) detections of [C II] and [O III]. We

Viktoria Kabel, Anne-Catherine de la Hamette, Esteban Castro-Ruiz, Časlav Brukner

Without a complete theory of quantum gravity, the question of how quantum fields and quantum particles behave in a superposition of spacetimes seems beyond the reach of theoretical and experimental investigations. Here we use an extension of the quantum reference frame formalism to address this question for the Klein-Gordon field residing on a superposition

Òscar L. Crosas, Gino Isidori, Javier M. Lizana, Nudzeim Selimovic

We analyze $K\to πν\bar ν$ rates in a model with a TeV-scale leptoquark addressing $B$-meson anomalies, based on the flavor non-universal 4321 gauge group featuring third-generation quark-lepton unification. We show that, together with the tight bounds imposed by $ΔF = 2$ amplitudes, the present measurement of $\mathcal{B}(K^+ \to π^+ ν\barν)$ already provid

Bruno Tomasello, Dan Mannix, Stephan Geprägs, Timothy Ziman

Rare-earth iron garnets $R_{3}$Fe$_{5}$O$_{12}$ are fascinating insulators with very diverse magnetic phases. Their strong potential in spintronic devices has encouraged a renewal of interest in the study of their low temperature spin structures and spin wave dynamics. A striking feature of rare-earth garnets with $R$-ions exhibiting strong crystal-field eff

Paolo Molignini, Bastien Lapierre, R. Chitra, Wei Chen

In 2D semiconductors and insulators, the Chern number of the valence band Bloch state is an important quantity that has been linked to various material properties, such as the topological order. We elaborate that the opacity of 2D materials to circularly polarized light over a wide range of frequencies, measured in units of the fine structure constant, can b

Claire Marie Guimond, Oliver Shorttle, John F. Rudge

Nominally anhydrous minerals in rocky planet mantles can sequester oceans of water as a whole, giving a constraint on bulk water inventories. Here we predict mantle water capacities from the thermodynamically-limited solubility of water in their constituent minerals. We report the variability of mantle water capacity due to (i) host star refractory element a

Avik Banerjee, Toshali Mitra, Ayan Mukhopadhyay

One of the outstanding problems in the holographic approach to many-body physics is the explicit computation of correlation functions in nonequilibrium states. We provide a new and simple proof that the horizon cap prescription of Crossley-Glorioso-Liu for implementing the thermal Schwinger-Keldysh contour in the bulk is consistent with the Kubo-Martin-Schwi

Tongzhou Wang, Phillip Isola

Our world is full of asymmetries. Gravity and wind can make reaching a place easier than coming back. Social artifacts such as genealogy charts and citation graphs are inherently directed. In reinforcement learning and control, optimal goal-reaching strategies are rarely reversible (symmetrical). Distance functions supported on these asymmetrical structures

Tongzhou Wang, Simon S. Du, Antonio Torralba, Phillip Isola

The ability to separate signal from noise, and reason with clean abstractions, is critical to intelligence. With this ability, humans can efficiently perform real world tasks without considering all possible nuisance factors.How can artificial agents do the same? What kind of information can agents safely discard as noises? In this work, we categorize inform

Marius Dragoi, Elena Burceanu, Emanuela Haller, Andrei Manolache

Analyzing the distribution shift of data is a growing research direction in nowadays Machine Learning (ML), leading to emerging new benchmarks that focus on providing a suitable scenario for studying the generalization properties of ML models. The existing benchmarks are focused on supervised learning, and to the best of our knowledge, there is none for unsu

Andy Zou, Tristan Xiao, Ryan Jia, Joe Kwon

Forecasting future world events is a challenging but valuable task. Forecasts of climate, geopolitical conflict, pandemics and economic indicators help shape policy and decision making. In these domains, the judgment of expert humans contributes to the best forecasts. Given advances in language modeling, can these forecasts be automated? To this end, we intr

Peter Sokalski, Zherui Han, Gabriella Coloyan Fleming, Brandon Smith

Micro-Raman spectroscopy has become an important tool in probing thermophysical behavior in emerging functional materials such as two-dimensional (2D) layered structures. Localized heating by the focused Raman excitation laser beam is expected to produce both stress and nonequilibrium temperature distributions in the material. Here we investigate the effects

Ji Lin, Ligeng Zhu, Wei-Ming Chen, Wei-Chen Wang

On-device training enables the model to adapt to new data collected from the sensors by fine-tuning a pre-trained model. Users can benefit from customized AI models without having to transfer the data to the cloud, protecting the privacy. However, the training memory consumption is prohibitive for IoT devices that have tiny memory resources. We propose an al

Debasish Banerjee, Rajiv Gavai, Saumen Datta, Pushan Majumdar

The energy loss pattern of a low momentum heavy quark in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma can be understood in terms of a Langevin description. In thermal equilibrium, the motion can then be parametrized in terms of a single heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient kappa, which needs to be determined nonperturbatively. In this work, we study the temperature

Donglai Xiang, Timur Bagautdinov, Tuur Stuyck, Fabian Prada

Despite recent progress in developing animatable full-body avatars, realistic modeling of clothing - one of the core aspects of human self-expression - remains an open challenge. State-of-the-art physical simulation methods can generate realistically behaving clothing geometry at interactive rates. Modeling photorealistic appearance, however, usually require

Siddhant Haldar, Vaibhav Mathur, Denis Yarats, Lerrel Pinto

Imitation learning holds tremendous promise in learning policies efficiently for complex decision making problems. Current state-of-the-art algorithms often use inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), where given a set of expert demonstrations, an agent alternatively infers a reward function and the associated optimal policy. However, such IRL approaches often

S. Basso, B. Salmaso, D. Spiga, M. Ghigo

The Beam Expander Testing X-ray facility (BEaTriX) is a unique X-ray apparatus now operated at the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), in Merate, Italy. It has been specifically designed to measure the point spread function (PSF) and the effective area (EA) of the X-ray mirror modules (MMs) of the Advanced Teles

Ziyan Yang, Kushal Kafle, Franck Dernoncourt, Vicente Ordonez

We propose a margin-based loss for tuning joint vision-language models so that their gradient-based explanations are consistent with region-level annotations provided by humans for relatively smaller grounding datasets. We refer to this objective as Attention Mask Consistency (AMC) and demonstrate that it produces superior visual grounding results than previ

Fan Li, Peng Ding, Fabrizia Mealli

This paper provides a critical review of the Bayesian perspective of causal inference based on the potential outcomes framework. We review the causal estimands, identification assumptions, the general structure of Bayesian inference of causal effects, and sensitivity analysis. We highlight issues that are unique to Bayesian causal inference, including the ro

Axel Brandenburg

The existence of an exponential growth phase during early stages of a pandemic is often taken for granted. However, for the 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic, the early exponential phase lasted only for about six days, while the quadratic growth prevailed for forty days until it spread to other countries and continued, again quadratically, but with a larger co

Rajat Arora

Traditional approaches based on finite element analyses have been successfully used to predict the macro-scale behavior of heterogeneous materials (composites, multicomponent alloys, and polycrystals) widely used in industrial applications. However, this necessitates the mesh size to be smaller than the characteristic length scale of the microstructural hete

Lijia Jiang, Jun-Hui Zheng

The Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of excited states, provides a different platform to explore the interplay between gravity and quantum physics. In this Letter, we study the response of excited-state BECs to an external gravitational field and their dynamics under gravity when space is expanding. We reveal the anomalous response of the center-of-mass of the

Nicholas Dent, Caleb M. Shor

For any positive integer $n$ along with parameters $α$ and $ν$, we define and investigate $α$-shifted, $ν$-offset, floor sequences of length $n$. We find exact and asymptotic formulas for the number of integers in such a sequence that are in a particular congruence class. As we will see, these quantities are related to certain problems of counting lattice po

William R Coulton, Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro, Drew Jamieson, Marco Baldi

We investigate how much can be learnt about four types of primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) from small-scale measurements of the halo field. Using the QUIJOTE-PNG simulations, we quantify the information content accessible with measurements of the halo power spectrum monopole and quadrupole, the matter power spectrum, the halo-matter cross spectrum and the ha

Dmitri Iouchtchenko, Jérôme F. Gonthier, Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz, Roger G. Melko

It is believed that one of the first useful applications for a quantum computer will be the preparation of groundstates of molecular Hamiltonians. A crucial task involving state preparation and readout is obtaining physical observables of such states, which are typically estimated using projective measurements on the qubits. At present, measurement data is c

Harlin Lee, Aaqib Saeed

Sleep is particularly important to the health of infants, children, and adolescents, and sleep scoring is the first step to accurate diagnosis and treatment of potentially life-threatening conditions. But pediatric sleep is severely under-researched compared to adult sleep in the context of machine learning for health, and sleep scoring algorithms developed

Tariq Yasin, Harry Desmond, Julien Devriendt, Adrianne Slyz

We set constraints on the dark matter halo mass and concentration of ~22,000 individual galaxies visible both in HI (from the ALFALFA survey) and optical light (from the SDSS). This is achieved by combining two Bayesian models, one for the HI line width as a function of the stellar and neutral hydrogen mass distributions in a galaxy using kinematic modelling

Alexander F. Jercher, Daniele Oriti, Andreas G. A. Pithis

The causal structure is a quintessential element of continuum spacetime physics and needs to be properly encoded in a theory of Lorentzian quantum gravity. Established spin foam (and tensorial group field theory (TGFT)) models mostly work with relatively special classes of Lorentzian triangulations (e.g. built from spacelike tetrahedra only), obscuring the e

Maria Miscouridou, José A. Pineda-Pardo, Charlotte J. Stagg, Bradley E. Treeby

Model-based treatment planning for transcranial ultrasound therapy typically involves mapping the acoustic properties of the skull from an x-ray computed tomography (CT) image of the head. Here, three methods for generating pseudo-CT images from magnetic resonance (MR) images were compared as an alternative to CT. A convolutional neural network (U-Net) was t

Alan D. Sokal

I present and discuss an extremely simple algorithm for expanding a formal power series as a continued fraction. This algorithm, which goes back to Euler (1746) and Viscovatov (1805), deserves to be better known. I also discuss the connection of this algorithm with the work of Gauss (1812), Stieltjes (1889), Rogers (1907) and Ramanujan, and a combinatorial i

Arif Ali Khan, Muhammad Azeem Akbar, Mahdi Fahmideh, Peng Liang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions and technologies are being increasingly adopted in smart systems context, however, such technologies are continuously concerned with ethical uncertainties. Various guidelines, principles, and regulatory frameworks are designed to ensure that AI technologies bring ethical well-being. However, the implications of AI ethic

Pinaki Patra

A Charged harmonic oscillator in a magnetic field, Landau problems, and an oscillator in a noncommutative space, share the same mathematical structure in their Hamiltonians. We have considered a two-dimensional anisotropic harmonic oscillator (AHO) with arbitrarily time-dependent parameters (effective mass and frequencies), placed in an arbitrarily time-depe

George Barmpalias, Xiaoyan Zhang

We study effective randomness-preserving transformations of path-incompressible trees. Some path-incompressible trees with infinitely many paths do not compute perfect path-random trees with computable oracle-use. Sparse perfect path-incompressible trees can be effectively densified, almost surely. We characterize the branching density of path-random trees.

Esther Galby, Liana Khazaliya, Fionn Mc Inerney, Roohani Sharma

For a graph $G$, a subset $S \subseteq V(G)$ is called a \emph{resolving set} if for any two vertices $u,v \in V(G)$, there exists a vertex $w \in S$ such that $d(w,u) \neq d(w,v)$. The {\sc Metric Dimension} problem takes as input a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, and asks whether there exists a resolving set of size at most $k$. This problem was intr

Martin Balko, Steven Chaplick, Robert Ganian, Siddharth Gupta

An obstacle representation of a graph $G$ consists of a set of pairwise disjoint simply-connected closed regions and a one-to-one mapping of the vertices of $G$ to points such that two vertices are adjacent in $G$ if and only if the line segment connecting the two corresponding points does not intersect any obstacle. The obstacle number of a graph is the sma

Jeong-Seop Kim

In this short article, we determine the bigness of the tangent bundle $T_X$ of the projective bundle $X=\mathbb{P}_C(E)$ associated to a vector bundle $E$ on a smooth projective curve $C$.

Georges Comte, Immanuel Halupczok

We prove the nonarchimedean counterpart of a real inequality involving the metric entropy and measure geometric invariants $V_i$, called Vitushkin's variations. Our inequality is based on a new convenient partial preorder on the set of constructible motivic functions, extending the one considered by R. Cluckers and F. Loeser in Constructible motivic func

Andrey Malinin, Andreas Athanasopoulos, Muhamed Barakovic, Meritxell Bach Cuadra

Distributional shift, or the mismatch between training and deployment data, is a significant obstacle to the usage of machine learning in high-stakes industrial applications, such as autonomous driving and medicine. This creates a need to be able to assess how robustly ML models generalize as well as the quality of their uncertainty estimates. Standard ML ba

Xuezhi Bian, Yanze Wu, Jonathan Rawlinson, Robert G. Littlejohn

Nuclear Berry curvature effects emerge from electronic spin degeneracy and canlead to non-trivial spin-dependent (nonadiabatic) nuclear dynamics. However, such effects are completely neglected in all current mixed quantum-classical methods such as fewest switches surface-hopping. In this work, we present a phase-space surface-hopping (PSSH) approach to simul

Yihui Quek, Eneet Kaur, Mark M. Wilde

There is a folkloric belief that a depth-$Θ(m)$ quantum circuit is needed to estimate the trace of the product of $m$ density matrices (i.e., a multivariate trace), a subroutine crucial to applications in condensed matter and quantum information science. We prove that this belief is overly conservative by constructing a constant quantum-depth circuit for the

Tuhin Malik, B. K. Agrawal, Constança Providência

An ambitious goal of the astrophysical community is not only to constrain the equation of state (EOS) of neutron star (NS) matter by confronting it with astrophysics observations, but ultimately also to infer the NS composition. Nevertheless, the composition of the NS core is likely to remain uncertain unless we have an accurate determination of the nuclear

Hyeon-Kyeong Shin, Hyewon Han, Doyeon Kim, Soo-Whan Chung

In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end user-defined keyword spotting method that utilizes linguistically corresponding patterns between speech and text sequences. Unlike previous approaches requiring speech keyword enrollment, our method compares input queries with an enrolled text keyword sequence. To place the audio and text representations within a

Oliver Y. Chén

I discuss here three important roles where machine intelligence, brain and behaviour studies together may facilitate criminal law. First, predictive modelling using brain and behaviour data may support legal investigations by predicting categorical, continuous, and longitudinal legal outcomes of interests related to brain injury and mental illnesses. Second,

Yohan Brunebarbe

The moduli stacks of Calabi-Yau varieties are known to enjoy several hyperbolicity properties. The best results have so far been proven using sophisticated analytic tools such as complex Hodge theory. Although the situation is very different in positive characteristic (e.g. the moduli stack of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension at least 2 c

Yanqin Jiang, Li Zhang, Zhenwei Miao, Xiatian Zhu

3D object detection in autonomous driving aims to reason "what" and "where" the objects of interest present in a 3D world. Following the conventional wisdom of previous 2D object detection, existing methods often adopt the canonical Cartesian coordinate system with perpendicular axis. However, we conjugate that this does not fit the nature of

Constantin Octavian Puiu

K-FAC is a successful tractable implementation of Natural Gradient for Deep Learning, which nevertheless suffers from the requirement to compute the inverse of the Kronecker factors (through an eigen-decomposition). This can be very time-consuming (or even prohibitive) when these factors are large. In this paper, we theoretically show that, owing to the expo

Brian Hu Zhang, Tuomas Sandholm

For common notions of correlated equilibrium in extensive-form games, computing an optimal (e.g., welfare-maximizing) equilibrium is NP-hard. Other equilibrium notions -- communication (Forges 1986) and certification (Forges & Koessler 2005) equilibria -- augment the game with a mediator that has the power to both send and receive messages to and from the pl

Scott Carnahan

Together with their 1988 construction of the monster vertex algebra $V^\natural$, Frenkel, Lepowsky, and Meurman showed that the largest sporadic simple group, known as the Fischer-Griess monster, forms the symmetry group of an infinite dimensional algebraic object whose construction was motivated by theoretical physics. However, the fact that the symmetry g

Sylvia Biscoveanu, Kyle Kremer, Eric Thrane

Compact-object binaries including a white dwarf component are unique among gravitational-wave sources because their evolution is governed not just by general relativity and tides, but also by mass transfer. While the black hole and neutron star binaries observed with ground-based gravitational-wave detectors are driven to inspiral due to the emission of grav

Xinwei Wang, Alex M. Ganose, Seán R. Kavanagh, Aron Walsh

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) and selenide (Sb2Se3) are emerging earth-abundant absorbers for photovoltaic applications. Solar cell performance depends strongly on charge carrier transport properties but these remain poorly understood in Sb2X3. Here we report band-like transport in Sb2X3 by investigating the electron-lattice interaction and theoretical limits of

John Nguyen, Jianyu Wang, Kshitiz Malik, Maziar Sanjabi

An oft-cited challenge of federated learning is the presence of heterogeneity. \emph{Data heterogeneity} refers to the fact that data from different clients may follow very different distributions. \emph{System heterogeneity} refers to client devices having different system capabilities. A considerable number of federated optimization methods address this ch