November 2022 arXiv papers — page 166

Shaofeng Duan, Shichong Wang, Yuanyuan Yang, Chaozhi Huang

We present the development of a high-precision sample-position-autocorrection system for photoemission experiments. A binocular vision method based on image pattern matching calculations was realized to track the sample position with an accuracy better than 1 \um, which was much smaller than the spot size of the incident laser. We illustrate the performance

Shintaro Sato

Combinatorial optimization problems can be mapped onto Ising models, and their ground state is generally difficult to find. A lot of heuristics for these problems have been proposed, and one promising approach is to use continuous variables. In recent years, one such algorithm has been implemented by using parametric oscillators known as coherent Ising machi

Tristan Milne, Étienne Bilocq, Adrian Nachman

Wasserstein 1 optimal transport maps provide a natural correspondence between points from two probability distributions, $μ$ and $ν$, which is useful in many applications. Available algorithms for computing these maps do not appear to scale well to high dimensions. In deep learning applications, efficient algorithms have been developed for approximating solu

Gang Qiao, Kaidong Hu, Seonghyeon Moon, Samuel S. Sohn

Learning-based approaches to modeling crowd motion have become increasingly successful but require training and evaluation on large datasets, coupled with complex model selection and parameter tuning. To circumvent this tremendously time-consuming process, we propose a novel scoring method, which characterizes generalization of models trained on source crowd

Yiming Meng, Jun Liu

Stability, reachability, and safety are crucial properties of dynamical systems. While verification and control synthesis of reach-avoid-stay objectives can be effectively handled by abstraction-based formal methods, such approaches can be computationally expensive due to the use of state-space discretization. In contrast, Lyapunov methods qualitatively char

S. Dulaimi, A. Golden, R. P. Boyle, R. F. Butler

We report $I$-band photometric observations of the radio-detected M9.5 dwarf BRI 0021-0214, obtained with the Galway Ultra Fast Imager (GUFI) on the 1.8m Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope VATT at Mt. Graham International Observatory, Arizona. In total, 19 hours of observations over a 73 day baseline were obtained. BRI 0021-0214 was shown to exhibit modul

Johannes E. Froech, Luocheng Huang, Quentin A. A. Tanguy, Shane Colburn

Endoscopes are an important component for the development of minimally invasive surgeries. Their size is one of the most critical aspects, because smaller and less rigid endoscopes enable higher agility, facilitate larger accessibility, and induce less stress on the surrounding tissue. In all existing endoscopes, the size of the optics poses a major limitati

Nasser M. Abbasi

This paper gives a detailed overview and a number of worked out examples illustrating the Kovacic \cite{Kovacic86} algorithm for solving second order linear differential equation ${A(x) y"+ B(x) y' + C(x) y=0}$ where $A,B,C$ are rational functions with complex coefficients in the independent variable $x$. All three cases of the algorithm were impleme

Jingbo Wang

Black hole membrane paradigm suggests to consider the black hole horizon as a fluid membrane. The membrane has a particular energy-momentum tensor which characterizes the interactions with the falling matter. In this paper, we show that we can construct an action from the scalar field on the horizon which can give the same energy-momentum tensor for the memb

Zhong Zhuang, David Yang, Felix Hofmann, David Barmherzig

Phase retrieval (PR) concerns the recovery of complex phases from complex magnitudes. We identify the connection between the difficulty level and the number and variety of symmetries in PR problems. We focus on the most difficult far-field PR (FFPR), and propose a novel method using double deep image priors. In realistic evaluation, our method outperforms al

Adway Patra, Alexander Barg

We continue our study of regenerating codes in distributed storage systems where connections between the nodes are constrained by a graph. In this problem, the failed node downloads the information stored at a subset of vertices of the graph for the purpose of recovering the lost data. This information is moved across the network, and the cost of node repair

Jose Vargas-Quiros, Laura Cabrera-Quiros, Catharine Oertel, Hayley Hung

Laughter is considered one of the most overt signals of joy. Laughter is well-recognized as a multimodal phenomenon but is most commonly detected by sensing the sound of laughter. It is unclear how perception and annotation of laughter differ when annotated from other modalities like video, via the body movements of laughter. In this paper we take a first st

Gahyun Annie Lee, Xiaoyang Shi, Ah-Hyung Alissa Park

Building a carbon-neutral world needs to remove the excess CO$_2$ that has already been dumped into the atmosphere. The sea, soil, vegetation, and rocks on Earth all naturally uptake CO$_2$ from the atmosphere. Human beings can accelerate these processes in specific ways. The review summarizes the present Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology that contribute t

Katarzyna Siudzińska

We analyze the geometry on the space of non-unital phase-covariant qubit maps. Using the corresponding Choi-Jamiołkowski states, we derive the Hilbert-Schmidt line and volume elements using the channel eigenvalues together with the parameter that characterizes non-unitality. We find the shapes and analytically compute the volumes of phase-covariant channels,

Miel Sharf, Daniel Zelazo

The theory of network identification, namely identifying the (weighted) interaction topology among a known number of agents, has been widely developed for linear agents. However, the theory for nonlinear agents using probing inputs is far less developed, relying on dynamics linearization, and thus cannot be applied to networks with non-smooth or discontinuou

Jeremy Hartse, Alessandro Roggero

Accurate predictions of inclusive scattering cross sections in the linear response regime require efficient and controllable methods to calculate the spectral density in a strongly-correlated many-body system. In this work we reformulate the recently proposed Gaussian Integral Transform technique in terms of Fourier moments of the system Hamiltonian which ca

You-Cheng Chou, Y. -P. Lee

We prove a conjecture of Jockers-Mayr and Garoufalidis-Scheidegger, relating genus zero quantum $K$-invariants and Gopakumar--Vafa invariants on the quintic threefold.

Sina Kazemian, Giovanni Fanchini

The unique structure of two-dimensional (2D) Dirac crystals, with electronic bands linear in the proximity of the Brillouin-zone boundary and the Fermi energy, creates anomalous situations where small Fermi-energy perturbations are known to critically affect the electron-related lattice properties of the system. The Fermi-surface nesting (FSN) conditions det

Shaan Bijwadia, Shuo-yiin Chang, Bo Li, Tara Sainath

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems typically rely on an external endpointer (EP) model to identify speech boundaries. In this work, we propose a method to jointly train the ASR and EP tasks in a single end-to-end (E2E) multitask model, improving EP quality by optionally leveraging information from the ASR audio encoder. We introduce a "switch" connec

Masaya Kunimi, Ippei Danshita

Hilbert space fragmentation (HSF) is a phenomenon that the Hilbert space of an isolated quantum system splits into exponentially many disconnected subsectors. The fragmented systems do not thermalize after long-time evolution because the dynamics are restricted to a small subsector. Inspired by recent developments of the HSF, we construct the Hamiltonian tha

Andrew Senger, Adela YiYu Zhang

In this paper, we compute the inertia groups of $(n-1)$-connected, smooth, closed, oriented $2n$-manifolds where $n \geq 3$. As a consequence, we complete the diffeomorphism classification of such manifolds, finishing a program initiated by Wall sixty years ago, with the exception of the $126$-dimensional case of the Kervaire invariant one problem. In partic

Andrew Rowley, Oktay Karakuş

Climate change may be classified as the most important environmental problem that the Earth is currently facing, and affects all living species on Earth. Given that air-quality monitoring stations are typically ground-based their abilities to detect pollutant distributions are often restricted to wide areas. Satellites however have the potential for studying

Simon Schreck, Elias Diesen, Martina Dell'Angela, Chang Liu

The electronic excitation occurring on adsorbates at ultrafast time scales from optical lasers that initiate surface chemical reactions is still an open question. Here, we report the ultrafast temporal evolution of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of a simple well known adsorbate prototype system, namely carbon (C) at

M. Strada, K. Kułakowski

Decision-making methods very often use the technique of comparing alternatives in pairs. In this approach, experts are asked to compare different options, and then a quantitative ranking is created from the results obtained. It is commonly believed that experts (decision-makers) are honest in their judgments. In our work, we consider a scenario in which expe

Jungtaek Oh

From a mathematical and statistical point of view, a segment of a DNA strand can be viewed as a sequence of four-state (A, C, G, T) trials. We consider distributions of runs and patterns related to run lengths of multi-state sequences, especially for four states (A, B, C, D). Let $X_{1}, X_{2}, \ldots$ be a sequence of four state i.i.d.\ trials taking values

Agniva Roy

We explore the construction of Legendrian spheres in contact manifolds of any dimension. Two constructions involving open books work in any contact manifold, while one introduced by Ekholm works only in $\mathbb{R}^{2n+1}$. We show that these three constructions are isotopic to the Legendrian unknot, thus recovering and generalising a result of Courte and Ek

Nan Miles Xi, Angelos Vasilopoulos

The existence of doublets in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data poses a great challenge in downstream data analysis. Computational doublet-detection methods have been developed to remove doublets from scRNA-seq data. Yet, the default hyperparameter settings of those methods may not provide optimal performance. Here, we propose a strategy to tune hyp

Takumi Matsuzawa, Noah P. Mitchell, Stephane Perrard, William T. M. Irvine

Turbulence is hard to control. A plethora of experimental methods have been developed to generate this ephemeral state of matter, leading to fundamental insights into its statistical and structural features as well as its onset at ever higher Reynolds numbers. In all cases however, the central role played by the material boundaries of the apparatus poses a c

Adam Gardner, Israel Michael Sigal

We consider the classical vacua of the Weinberg-Salam (WS) model of electroweak forces. These are no-particle, static solutions to the WS equations minimizing the WS energy locally. We study the WS vacuum solutions exhibiting a non-vanishing average magnetic field of strength $b$, and prove that (i) there is a magnetic field threshold $b_*$ such that for $b

Anuj Diwan, Layne Berry, Eunsol Choi, David Harwath

Recent visuolinguistic pre-trained models show promising progress on various end tasks such as image retrieval and video captioning. Yet, they fail miserably on the recently proposed Winoground dataset, which challenges models to match paired images and English captions, with items constructed to overlap lexically but differ in meaning (e.g., "there is a

Zheng Chen, Erik G. Larsson, Carlo Fischione, Mikael Johansson

Facing the upcoming era of Internet-of-Things and connected intelligence, efficient information processing, computation, and communication design becomes a key challenge in large-scale intelligent systems. Recently, Over-the-Air (OtA) computation has been proposed for data aggregation and distributed computation of functions over a large set of network nodes

Ryan Alweiss

We show that the pattern $\{x,x+y,xy\}$ is partition regular over the space of formal integer polynomials of degree at least one with zero constant term, with primitive recursive bounds. This provides a new proof for the partition regularity of $\{x,x+y,xy\}$ over $\mathbb{N}$, which gives the first primitive recursive bound.

Pedro R. Capelo, Chiara Feruglio, Ryan C. Hickox, Francesco Tombesi

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are accreting supermassive black holes co-evolving with their host galaxies through a complex interplay of feeding and feedback. In this chapter, we first discuss AGN fuelling in galaxies, both in interacting and isolated systems, focusing on the role that instabilities have on the angular momentum budget of the gas. We then revi

Rocky Bala Garg, Elyssa Hofgard, Lauren Tompkins, Heather Gray

Particle track reconstruction, in which the trajectories of charged particles are determined, is a critical and time consuming component of the full event reconstruction chain. The underlying software is complex and consists of a number of mathematically intense algorithms, each dealing with a particular tracking sub-process. These algorithms have many input

J. H. Ungerer, P. Chevalier Kwon, T. Patlatiuk, J. Ridderbos

Spin qubits in germanium are a promising contender for scalable quantum computers. Reading out of the spin and charge configuration of quantum dots formed in Ge/Si core/shell nanowires is typically performed by measuring the current through the nanowire. Here, we demonstrate a more versatile approach on investigating the charge configuration of these quantum

Chiara Sava

We give a purely derivator-theoretical reformulation and proof of a classic result of Happel and Ladkani, showing that it occurs uniformly across stable derivators and it is then independent of coefficients. The resulting equivalence provides a bridge between homotopy theory and representation theory: indeed, our result is a derivator-theoretic version of th

Nicole Revilla, Brian Simanek

We consider Toeplitz operators with bounded symbol acting on the Bergman space of the unit disk and assess their hyponormality. We will mainly be concerned with the symbol $\varphi(z)=z^{n}|z|^{2s}+a(t)\bar{z}^{m}|z|^{2t}$, where $s$ and $t$ are positive real numbers and $m$ and $n$ are natural numbers. The main goal is to understand how large $|a(t)|$ can b

Robbert Reijnen, Yingqian Zhang, Hoong Chuin Lau, Zaharah Bukhsh

The Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm has shown considerable success in solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). Nonetheless, the performance of ALNS relies on the proper configuration of its selection and acceptance parameters, which is known to be a complex and resource-intensive task. To address this, we introduce a Deep Reinf

Leonardo Kanashiro Felizardo, Francisco Caio Lima Paiva, Anna Helena Reali Costa, Emilio Del-Moral-Hernandez

Financial domain tasks, such as trading in market exchanges, are challenging and have long attracted researchers. The recent achievements and the consequent notoriety of Reinforcement Learning (RL) have also increased its adoption in trading tasks. RL uses a framework with well-established formal concepts, which raises its attractiveness in learning profitab

F. A. Silveira

Coaxial 2-terminal bridge comparison is a widely used metrological method in the dissemination of value of capacitance up to 1000 pF and $10^4$ rad/s. In this range, capacitance can be measured with uncertainties as small as few parts in $10^{7}$; however, such measuments must take into account the corrections due to the impedance of cables, connectors and p

Scott Aaronson, Adam Bouland, Bill Fefferman, Soumik Ghosh

Entanglement is a quantum resource, in some ways analogous to randomness in classical computation. Inspired by recent work of Gheorghiu and Hoban, we define the notion of "pseudoentanglement'', a property exhibited by ensembles of efficiently constructible quantum states which are indistinguishable from quantum states with maximal entanglement. Our construct

I. D. Moore, W. C. Campbell, E. R. Hudson, M. J. Boguslawski

We study photon scattering errors in stimulated Raman driven quantum logic gates. For certain parameter regimes, we find that previous, simplified models of the process significantly overestimate the gate error rate due to photon scattering. This overestimate is shown to be due to previous models neglecting the detuning dependence of the scattered photon fre

Søren Wengel Mogensen

Instrumental variable methods are often used for parameter estimation in the presence of confounding. They can also be applied in stochastic processes. Instrumental variable analysis exploits moment equations to obtain estimators for causal parameters. We show that in stochastic processes one can find such moment equations using an integrated covariance matr

Michael Hanson, Marie Jameson

In this work, we analyze the behavior of the self-conjugate 6-core partition numbers $sc_{6}(n)$ by utilizing the theory of quadratic and modular forms. In particular, we explore when $sc_{6}(n) > 0$. Positivity of $sc_{t}(n)$ has been studied in the past, with some affirmative results when $t > 7$. The case $t = 6$ was analyzed by Hanusa and Nath, who conje

Randy Lafler, R. Nicholas Lanning

Timing requirements for long-range quantum networking are driven by the necessity of synchronizing the arrival of photons, from independent sources, for Bell-state measurements. Thus, characteristics such as repetition rate and pulse duration influence the precision required to enable quantum networking tasks such as teleportation and entanglement swapping.

Vivek Khimani, Shahin Jabbari

With the increased legislation around data privacy, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising technique that allows the clients (end-user) to collaboratively train deep learning (DL) models without transferring and storing the data in a centralized, third-party server. We introduce TorchFL, a performant library for (i) bootstrapping the FL experimen

Keegan Quigley, Virginia Goodwin, Luis Alvarez, Justin Yao

Small teams in the field can benefit from the capabilities provided by small Uncrewed Aerial Systems (sUAS) for missions such as reconnaissance, hostile attribution, remote emplacement, and search and rescue. The mobility, communications, and flexible payload capacity of sUAS can offer teams new levels of situational awareness and enable more highly coordina

Hamid Reza Safaeyan, Karim Zare, Mohamad R. Mahmoudi, Amir Mosavi

Mixture of factor analyzer (MFA) model is an efficient model for the analysis of high dimensional data through which the factor-analyzer technique based on the covariance matrices reducing the number of free parameters. The model also provides an important methodology to determine latent groups in data. There are several pieces of research to extend the mode

Emilio A. Cortés, Juan M. Florez, Eric Suárez Morell

From monolayers composed of different atoms, we can build structures with spontaneous vertical polarization by conveniently stacking multiple layers. We have studied, using first-principles methods and based on modern polarization theory, a system composed of three layers of hexagonal Boron-Nitride(h-BN) in all possible stackings. We obtain for each of the c

Jarosław Kwapień, Pawel Blasiak, Stanisław Drożdż, Paweł Oświęcimka

Based on the mathematical arguments formulated within the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) approach it is shown that in the uncorrelated time series from the Gaussian basin of attraction the effects resembling multifractality asymptotically disappear for positive moments when the length of time series increases. A hint is given that this a

Solomon Quinn, Guillaume Bal

This paper concerns the asymmetric transport associated with a low-energy interface Dirac model of graphene-type materials subject to external magnetic and electric fields. We show that the relevant physical observable, an interface conductivity, is quantized and robust to a large class of perturbations. These include defects that decay along or away from th

Kristian Georgiev, Samuel B. Hopkins

We establish a simple connection between robust and differentially-private algorithms: private mechanisms which perform well with very high probability are automatically robust in the sense that they retain accuracy even if a constant fraction of the samples they receive are adversarially corrupted. Since optimal mechanisms typically achieve these high succe

Mehdi Talbi

This paper presents a finite-dimensional approximation for a class of partial differential equations on the space of probability measures. These equations are satisfied in the sense of viscosity solutions. The main result states the convergence of the viscosity solutions of the finite-dimensional PDE to the viscosity solutions of the PDE on Wasserstein space

Yuhao Jiang, Fuchen Chen, Daniel M. Aukes

We propose a novel mechanism that propagates vibration through soft twisted beams, taking advantage of dynamically-coupled anisotropic stiffness to simplify the actuation of walking robots. Using dynamic simulation and experimental approaches, we show that the coupled stiffness of twisted beams with terrain contact can be controlled to generate a variety of

D. Amidei, N. Anderson, A. Chen, E. Carpenter

This paper describes the small-diameter monitored drift-tube detector construction at the University of Michigan as a contribution to the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer upgrade for the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Measurements of the first 30 chambers built at Michigan show that the drift tube wire position accuracy meets the specification of 20 m

Saurabh Deshpande, Stéphane P. A. Bordas, Jakub Lengiewicz

In many cutting-edge applications, high-fidelity computational models prove to be too slow for practical use and are therefore replaced by much faster surrogate models. Recently, deep learning techniques have increasingly been utilized to accelerate such predictions. To enable learning on large-dimensional and complex data, specific neural network architectu

Marianne Bjorner, Erin K. Molloy, Colin N. Dewey, Claudia Solis-Lemus

Hybridization events complicate the accurate reconstruction of phylogenies, as they lead to patterns of genetic heritability that are unexpected under traditional, bifurcating models of species trees. This has led to the development of methods to infer these varied hybridization events, both methods that reconstruct networks directly, and summary methods tha

Sylvain Guillemot

If $G$ is a bipartite graph, Hall's theorem \cite{H35} gives a condition for the existence of a matching of $G$ covering one side of the bipartition. This theorem admits a well-known algorithmic proof involving the repeated search of augmenting paths. We present here an alternative algorithm, using a game-theoretic formulation of the problem. We also show ho

Gregory Johnson, Fabian Rennecke, Vladimir V. Skokov

Employing the functional renormalization group approach at next-to-leading order of the derivative expansion, we refine our earlier findings for the location of the Yang-Lee edge singularity in classic O(N) universality classes. For the universality classes of interest to QCD, in three dimensions, we found $|z_c|/R_\chi^{1/\gamma} = 1.612(9),\ 1.597(3)$ for

Karamveer Kaur, Nicholas C. Stone, Shmuel Gilbaum

The classical radiation pressure instability has been a persistent theoretical feature of thin, radiatively efficient accretion disks with accretion rates 1 to 100 per cent of the Eddington rate. But there is only limited evidence of its occurrence in nature: rapid heartbeat oscillations of a few X-ray binaries and now, perhaps, the new class of hourly X-ray

Natasha E. Batalha, Angie Wolfgang, Johanna Teske, Munazza K. Alam

Understanding planet formation requires robust population studies, which are designed to reveal trends in planet properties. In this work, we aim to determine if different methods for selecting populations of exoplanets for atmospheric characterization with JWST could influence population-level inferences. We generate three hypothetical surveys of super-Eart

Azzurra Ciliberti

Crew and Spirklt generalize Stanley's chromatic symmetric function to vertex-weighted graphs. One of the primary motivations for extending the chromatic symmetric function to vertex-weighted graphs is the existence of a deletion-contraction relation in this setting, which, as known, holds for the chromatic polynomial, but doesn't hold for the chromatic symme

Levente Pristyák, Balázs Pozsgay

The XYZ model is an integrable spin chain which has an infinite set of conserved charges, but it lacks a global $U(1)$-symmetry. We consider the current operators, which describe the flow of the conserved quantities in this model. We derive an exact result for the current mean values, valid for any eigenstate in a finite volume with periodic boundary conditi

Uthirakalyani G, Anuj K. Nayak, Avhishek Chatterjee

As techniques for fault-tolerant quantum computation keep improving, it is natural to ask: what is the fundamental lower bound on redundancy? In this paper, we obtain a lower bound on the redundancy required for $\epsilon$-accurate implementation of a large class of operations that includes unitary operators. For the practically relevant case of sub-exponent

Noa Perlmutter, Zosia Krusberg

I am a second-year cognitive science major, and as a student who has completed my physical science distribution requirements, I will likely never again encounter Gauss's law. So why do I feel that the time and effort I devoted to solving Gauss's law problems was worth it? Partly, I simply enjoy learning and the new perspective on the physical world that come

Sebastian Kamann, Sara Saracino, Nate Bastian, Seth Gossage

Young star clusters enable us to study the effects of stellar rotation on an ensemble of stars of the same age and across a wide range in stellar mass and are therefore ideal targets for understanding the consequences of rotation on stellar evolution. We combine MUSE spectroscopy with HST photometry to measure the projected rotational velocities (Vsini) of 2

Sadegh Mahdavi, Kevin Swersky, Thomas Kipf, Milad Hashemi

In this paper, we study the OOD generalization of neural algorithmic reasoning tasks, where the goal is to learn an algorithm (e.g., sorting, breadth-first search, and depth-first search) from input-output pairs using deep neural networks. First, we argue that OOD generalization in this setting is significantly different than common OOD settings. For example

Zhaodong Shi, P. A. Muñoz, J. Büchner, Siming Liu

How ions are energized and heated is a fundamental problem in the study of energy dissipation in magnetized plasmas. In particular, the heating of heavy ions (including ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}^{2+}$, ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}^{2+}$ and others) has been a constant concern for understanding the microphysics of impulsive solar flares. In this article, via two-dimensional h

Vanessa Lopez, Gabriele Picco, Inge Vejsbjerg, Thanh Lam Hoang

Regulations govern many aspects of citizens' daily lives. Governments and businesses routinely automate these in the form of coded rules (e.g., to check a citizen's eligibility for specific benefits). However, the path to automation is long and challenging. To address this, recent global initiatives for digital government, proposing to simultaneously express

Yueheng Bao, Ari Benveniste, Marion Campisi, Nicholas Cazet

The stick number and the edge length of a knot type in the simple hexagonal lattice (sh-lattice) are the minimal numbers of sticks and edges required, respectively, to construct a knot of the given type in sh-lattice. By introducing a linear transformation between lattices, we prove that for any given knot both values in the sh-lattice are strictly less than

Grigory A. Starkov, Mikhail V. Fistoul, Ilya M. Eremin

We present a theoretical study of quantum phases and quantum phase transitions occurring in non-Hermitian $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric superconducting qubits chains described by a transverse-field Ising spin model. A non-Hermitian part of the Hamiltonian is implemented via imaginary staggered \textit{longitudinal } magnetic field, which corresponds to

Md Manjurul Ahsan, Tareque Abu Abdullah, Md Shahin Ali, Fatematuj Jahora

The recent development of Monkeypox disease among various nations poses a global pandemic threat when the world is still fighting Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). At its dawn, the slow and steady transmission of Monkeypox disease among individuals needs to be addressed seriously. Over the years, Deep learning (DL) based disease prediction has demonstrate

Aleksandra Ćiprijanović, Ashia Lewis, Kevin Pedro, Sandeep Madireddy

In the era of big astronomical surveys, our ability to leverage artificial intelligence algorithms simultaneously for multiple datasets will open new avenues for scientific discovery. Unfortunately, simply training a deep neural network on images from one data domain often leads to very poor performance on any other dataset. Here we develop a Universal Domai

Fengqiao Luo, Jeffrey Larson

We investigate an empirical quantile estimation approach to solve chance-constrained nonlinear optimization problems. Our approach is based on the reformulation of the chance constraint as an equivalent quantile constraint to provide stronger signals on the gradient. In this approach, the value of the quantile function is estimated empirically from samples d

Walter Dehnen, Marcin Semczuk, Ralph Schoenrich

We describe methods to measure simultaneously the orientation angle $ψ$ and pattern speed $Ω$ from single snapshots of simulated barred galaxies. Unlike previous attempts, our approach is unbiased, precise, and consistent in the sense that $ψ=\intΩ\mathrm{d}t$. It can be extended to obtain the rate and axis of rotation, i.e. the vector $\boldsymbolΩ$. We pro

Artur Nowak, Katharina Boguslawski

Numerous numerical studies have shown that geminal-based methods are a promising direction to model strongly correlated systems with low computational costs. Several strategies have been introduced to capture the missing dynamical correlation effects, which typically exploit \textit{a posteriori} corrections to account for correlation effects associated with

Darjus Hosszejni, Sylvia Frühwirth-Schnatter

Despite the popularity of factor models with sparse loading matrices, little attention has been given to formally address identifiability of these models beyond standard rotation-based identification such as the positive lower triangular constraint. To fill this gap, we present a counting rule on the number of nonzero factor loadings that is sufficient for a

Phillip Helms, Songela W. Chen, David T. Limmer

Using a thermodynamically consistent, mesoscopic model for modern complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors, we study an array of logical circuits and explore how their function is constrained by recent thermodynamic uncertainty relations when operating near thermal energies. For a single NOT gate, we find operating direction-dependent dynamics, an

A. V. Kuzikova, L. A. Shelukhin, F. M. Maksimov, A. I. Chernov

Ultrafast photo-induced phase transitions occurring under the impact of femtosecond laser pulses provide versatile opport unities for switching solids between distinctly-different crystalline, electronic, and magnetic states and thus modify their functional properties in a significant way. In this paper, we report on the laser-induced spin reorientation and

Wai-Keong Mok, Ana Asenjo-Garcia, Tze Chien Sum, Leong-Chuan Kwek

Photon-mediated interactions within an excited ensemble of emitters can result in Dicke superradiance, where the emission rate is greatly enhanced, manifesting as a high-intensity burst at short times. The superradiant burst is most commonly observed in systems with long-range interactions between the emitters, although the minimal interaction range remains

J. Orell-Miquel, G. Nowak, F. Murgas, E. Palle

HD 191939 (TOI-1339) is a nearby (d=54pc), bright (V=9mag), and inactive Sun-like star (G9 V) known to host a multi-planet transiting system. Ground-based spectroscopic observations confirmed the planetary nature of the three transiting sub-Neptunes (HD 191939 b, c, and d) originally detected by TESS and were used to measure the masses for planets b and c wi

Shu-Rui Lin, Wentao Luo, Yi-Fu Cai, Qi Guo

We report the detection of a 282 $^{+34}_{-31}$ pc-sized core in the center of Milky Way dark matter halo at $68\%$ confidence level by using the micro-lensing event rate sky map data from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) survey. We apply the spacial information of the microlensing sky map and model it with the detailed Milky Way dark matt

Evyatar Tulipman, Erez Berg

The Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law, stating that the Lorenz ratio $L = \kappa/(T\sigma)$ between the thermal and electrical conductivities in a metal approaches a universal constant $L_0=\pi^2 k_B^2/ (3 e^2)$ at low temperatures, is often interpreted as a signature of fermionic Landau quasi-particles. In contrast, we show that various models of weakly disordered n

Yohei Ema, Zhen Liu, Kun-Feng Lyu, Maxim Pospelov

We consider a model with a complex scalar field that couples to $(e,\mu)$ or $(\mu,\tau)$ within the "longevity" window: $[|m_{l_1} - m_{l_2}|, m_{l_1} + m_{l_2}]$ in which $l_1$ and $l_2$ are the two different charged leptons. Within such a mass window, even a relatively large coupling (e.g. of the size commensurate with the current accuracy/discrepancy in

Benjamin Koch, Christian Käding, Mario Pitschmann, René Sedmik

We explore two hypotheses. First, the possibility that the quantum vacuum energy density of the Casimir effect contributes to a (local) gravitational vacuum energy density. Second, the possibility that a change in the gravitational coupling implies a change in the cosmological constant. We parametrize these two possibilities in a covariant framework and show

Samuele Ronchini, Giulia Stratta, Andrea Rossi, David Alexander Kann

A large fraction of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shows a plateau phase during the X-ray afterglow emission, whose physical origin is still debated. In this work we define a sample of 30 GRBs with simultaneous X-ray and optical data during and after the plateau phase. Through a time-resolved spectral analysis of the X-ray plateaus, we test the consistency of the u

ChangHoon Hahn, Michael Eickenberg, Shirley Ho, Jiamin Hou

Simulation-Based Inference of Galaxies (${\rm S{\scriptsize IM}BIG}$) is a forward modeling framework for analyzing galaxy clustering using simulation-based inference. In this work, we present the ${\rm S{\scriptsize IM}BIG}$ forward model, which is designed to match the observed SDSS-III BOSS CMASS galaxy sample. The forward model is based on high-resolutio

Nico Winkel, Bernd Husemann, Mainak Singha, Vardha N. Bennert

The interaction between Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and their host galaxies is scarcely resolved. Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies are believed to represent AGN at early stages of their evolution and allow to observe AGN feeding and feedback processes at high accretion rates. We apply a spectroastrometric analysis to VLT MUSE NFM-AO observations of Mrk

Ariel Goobar, Joel Johansson, Steve Schulze, Nikki Arendse

Detecting gravitationally lensed supernovae is among the biggest challenges in astronomy. It involves a combination of two very rare phenomena: catching the transient signal of a stellar explosion in a distant galaxy and observing it through a nearly perfectly aligned foreground galaxy that deflects light towards the observer. High-cadence optical observatio

Florian Venn, Jan Behrends, Benjamin Béri

Statistical mechanics mappings provide key insights on quantum error correction. However, existing mappings assume incoherent noise, thus ignoring coherent errors due to, e.g., spurious gate rotations. We map the surface code with coherent errors, taken as $X$- or $Z$-rotations (replacing bit or phase flips), to a two-dimensional (2D) Ising model with comple

Ivo de Medeiros Varzielas, Steve F. King, Miguel Levy

We present the first complete model of the Littlest Modular Seesaw, based on two right-handed neutrinos, within the framework of multiple modular symmetries, justifying the use of multiple moduli fields which take their values at 3 specific stabilizers of $\Gamma_4 \simeq S_4$, including a new phenomenological possibility. Using a semi-analytical approach, w

Milan Kornjača, Rhine Samajdar, Tommaso Macrì, Nathan Gemelke

Quantum spin liquids are elusive but paradigmatic examples of strongly correlated quantum states that are characterized by long-range quantum entanglement. Recently, the direct signatures of a gapped topological $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquid have been observed in a system of Rydberg atoms arrayed on the ruby lattice. Here, we illustrate the concrete realization

Masoud Gharahi, Vladimir Lysikov

We construct a lower bound of the tensor rank for a new class of tensors, which we call persistent tensors. We present three specific families of persistent tensors, of which the lower bound is tight. We show that there is a chain of degenerations between these three families of minimal-rank persistent tensors that can be used to study the entanglement trans

Michael G. Jones, Ananthan Karunakaran, Paul Bennet, David J. Sand

We present Hubble Space Telescope imaging of 14 gas-rich, low surface brightness galaxies in the field at distances of 25-36 Mpc, with mean effective radii and $g$-band central surface brightnesses of 1.9 kpc and 24.2 mag arcsec$^{-2}$. Nine meet the standard criteria to be considered ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs). An inspection of point-like sources brighte

Alex Edison, Song He, Henrik Johansson, Oliver Schlotterer

We take a major step towards computing $D$-dimensional one-loop amplitudes in general gauge theories, compatible with the principles of unitarity and the color-kinematics duality. For $n$-point amplitudes with either supersymmetry multiplets or generic non-supersymmetric matter in the loop, simple all-multiplicity expressions are obtained for the maximal cut

Jérôme Los, Natalia A. Viana Bedoya

In two papers published in 1979, R. Bowen and C. Series defined a dynamical system from a Fuchsian group, acting on the hyperbolic plane $\mathbb{H}^2$. The dynamics is given by a map on $S^1$ which is, in particular, an expanding piecewise homeomorphism of the circle. In this paper we consider a reverse question: which dynamical conditions for an expanding

Mark S. Bartlett, Jared Van Blitterswyk, Martha Farella, Jinshu Li

Rapid delineation of flash flood extents is critical to mobilize emergency resources and to manage evacuations, thereby saving lives and property. Machine learning (ML) approaches enable rapid flood delineation with reduced computational demand compared to conventional high-resolution, 2D flood models. However, existing ML approaches are limited by a lack of

Yihan Wang, Si Si, Daliang Li, Michal Lukasik

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are general purpose problem solvers applicable to a diverse set of tasks with prompts. They can be further improved towards a specific task by fine-tuning on a specialized dataset. However, fine-tuning usually makes the model narrowly specialized on this dataset with reduced general in-context learning performances, wh

Alexei Y. Smirnov, Andreas Trautner

We consider a mechanism which allows to decrease attenuation of high energy gamma ray flux from gamma ray burst GRB 221009A. The mechanism is based on the existence of a heavy $m_N\sim0.1\,\mathrm{MeV}$ mostly sterile neutrino $N$ which mixes with active neutrinos. $N$'s are produced in GRB in $\pi$ and $K$ decays via mixing with $\nu_\mu$. They undergo the

Dominic Samra, Christiane Helling, Katy Chubb, Michiel Min

WASP-96b is a hot Saturn exoplanet, with an equilibrium temperature well within the regime of thermodynamically expected extensive cloud formation. Prior observations with Hubble/WFC3, Spitzer/IRAC, and VLT/FORS2 have been combined into a single spectra for which retrievals suggest a cold but cloud-free atmosphere. Recently, the planet was observed with the