May 2023 arXiv papers — page 153

Lukas Liss, Jan Niklas Adams, Wil M. P. van der Aalst

Processes tend to interact with other processes and operate on various objects of different types. These objects can influence each other creating dependencies between sub-processes. Analyzing the conformance of such complex processes challenges traditional conformance-checking approaches because they assume a single-case identifier for a process. To create

Nicholas Kwan, Lele Wang

PCR testing is an invaluable diagnostic tool that has most recently seen widespread use during the COVID-19 pandemic. A recent work by Wang, Gabrys and Vardy proposed tropical codes as a model for group PCR testing. For a known but arbitrary number of infected persons, a sufficient condition on the underlying block design of a zero-error tropical code, calle

Mobyen Uddin Ahmed, Shaibal Barua, Shahina Begum, Mir Riyanul Islam

AI methods referred to as interpretable are often discredited as inaccurate by supporters of the existence of a trade-off between interpretability and accuracy. In many problem contexts however this trade-off does not hold. This paper discusses a regression problem context to predict flight take-off delays where the most accurate data regression model was tr

Enmao Diao, Eric W. Tramel, Jie Ding, Tao Zhang

Keyword Spotting (KWS) is a critical aspect of audio-based applications on mobile devices and virtual assistants. Recent developments in Federated Learning (FL) have significantly expanded the ability to train machine learning models by utilizing the computational and private data resources of numerous distributed devices. However, existing FL methods typica

Søren A. Tornøe, Brandon Cheney, Brian Dupraw, Yoshimasa Okamura

Although silver-based telescope mirrors excel over other materials such as gold and aluminum in the visible-infrared spectral range, they require robust protective coatings to overcome their inherent low durability. Our research shows that a single-layer of aluminum oxide (AlOx) deposited through thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) using trimethylaluminum

Uchenna D Ani, Jeremy M Watson, Nilufer Tuptuk, Steve Hailes

This study explores the state-of-the-art, application, and maturity of socio-technical security models for industries and sectors dependent on CI and investigates the gap between academic research and industry practices concerning the modelling of both the social and technical aspects of security. Systematic study and critical analysis of literature show tha

Chinthaka Dinesh, Gene Cheung, Fei Chen, Yuejiang Li

Viral information like rumors or fake news is spread over a communication network like a virus infection in a unidirectional manner: entity $i$ conveys information to a neighbor $j$, resulting in two equally informed (infected) parties. Existing graph diffusion works focus only on bidirectional diffusion on an undirected graph. Instead, we propose a new dire

Koki Momoki, Takuma Yoshida

Extreme value theory (EVT) provides an elegant mathematical tool for the statistical analysis of rare events. When data are collected from multiple population subgroups, because some subgroups may have less data available for extreme value analysis, a scientific interest of many researchers would be to improve the estimates obtained directly from each subgro

Zhenge Jia, Dawei Li, Cong Liu, Liqi Liao

The first ACM/IEEE TinyML Design Contest (TDC) held at the 41st International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) in 2022 is a challenging, multi-month, research and development competition. TDC'22 focuses on real-world medical problems that require the innovation and implementation of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms on im

Sreedhar Balu, Bradley Greig, J. Stuart B. Wyithe

The hyperfine 21-cm transition of neutral hydrogen from the early Universe ($z>5$) is a sensitive probe of the formation and evolution of the first luminous sources. Using the Fisher matrix formalism we explore the complex and degenerate high-dimensional parameter space associated with the high-$z$ sources of this era and forecast quantitative constraints fr

Takato Yasuno, Masahiro Okano, Junichiro Fujii

Maintaining high standards for user safety during daily railway operations is crucial for railway managers. To aid in this endeavor, top- or side-view cameras and GPS positioning systems have facilitated progress toward automating periodic inspections of defective features and assessing the deteriorating status of railway components. However, collecting data

Mihaela Ifrim, Jean-Claude Saut

This article represents a first step toward understanding the long-time dynamics of solutions for the Intermediate Long Wave equation (ILW). While this problem is known to be both completely integrable and globally well-posed in $H^{\frac{3}{2}}$, much less seems to be known concerning its long-time dynamics. Here we prove well-posedness at much lower regula

María Agustina Ricci Lara, Candelaria Mosquera, Enzo Ferrante, Rodrigo Echeveste

In recent years the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for automated medical image analysis has gained enormous momentum. At the same time, a large body of work has shown that AI systems can systematically and unfairly discriminate against certain populations in various application scenarios. These two facts have motivated the emergence of a

Andrew Walker

In AI-based histopathology, domain shifts are common and well-studied. However, this research focuses on stain and scanner variations, which do not show the full picture -- shifts may be combinations of other shifts, or "invisible" shifts that are not obvious but still damage performance of machine learning models. Furthermore, it is important for models to

Michael J. Daniels, Minji Lee, Wei Feng

In longitudinal studies, it is not uncommon to make multiple attempts to collect a measurement after baseline. Recording whether these attempts are successful provides useful information for the purposes of assessing missing data assumptions. This is because measurements from subjects who provide the data after numerous failed attempts may differ from those

Kian Tehranian

This paper assesses the link between central bank's policy rate, inflation rate and output gap through Taylor rule equation in both United States and United Kingdom from 1990 to 2020. Also, it analyses the relationship between monetary policy and asset price volatility using an augmented Taylor rule. According to the literature, there has been a discussion a

Yassir Fathullah, Puria Radmard, Adian Liusie, Mark J. F. Gales

State-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence models often require autoregressive decoding, which can be highly expensive. However, for some downstream tasks such as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and resource allocation, the actual decoding output is not needed just a scalar attribute of this sequence. In these scenarios, where for example knowing the quality

Brandon B. May, Kirill Trapeznikov, Shengbang Fang, Matthew C. Stamm

We present a first of its kind dataset of overhead imagery for development and evaluation of forensic tools. Our dataset consists of real, fully synthetic and partially manipulated overhead imagery generated from a custom diffusion model trained on two sets of different zoom levels and on two sources of pristine data. We developed our model to support contro

Le Chen, Quazi Ishtiaque Mahmud, Hung Phan, Nesreen K. Ahmed

Detecting parallelizable code regions is a challenging task, even for experienced developers. Numerous recent studies have explored the use of machine learning for code analysis and program synthesis, including parallelization, in light of the success of machine learning in natural language processing. However, applying machine learning techniques to paralle

Lars Diening, Johannes Storn, Tabea Tscherpel

For triangulations generated by the adaptive bisection algorithm by Maubach and Traxler we prove existence of a regularized mesh function with grading two. This sharpens previous results in two dimensions for the newest vertex bisection and generalizes them to arbitrary dimensions. In combination with Diening et al. (2021) this yields $H^1$-stability of the

Charlie Sire, Rodolphe Le Riche, Didier Rullière, Jérémy Rohmer

Visualization is an essential operation when assessing the risk of rare events such as coastal or river floodings. The goal is to display a few prototype events that best represent the probability law of the observed phenomenon, a task known as quantization. It becomes a challenge when data is expensive to generate and critical events are scarce, like extrem

Vishwaraj Doshi, Jie Hu, Do Young Eun

We consider random walks on discrete state spaces, such as general undirected graphs, where the random walkers are designed to approximate a target quantity over the network topology via sampling and neighborhood exploration in the form of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedures. Given any Markov chain corresponding to a target probability distribution, w

Kairui Zhou

Humans can collaborate and complete tasks based on visual signals and instruction from the environment. Training such a robot is difficult especially due to the understanding of the instruction and the complicated environment. Previous instruction-following agents are biased to English-centric corpus, making it unrealizable to be applied to users that use mu

Brian Hopkins, James A. Sellers

Recently, Blecher and Knopfmacher explored the notion of fixed points in integer partitions and hypothesized on the relative number of partitions with and without a fixed point. We resolve their open question by working fixed points into a growing number of interconnected partition statistics involving Frobenius symbols, Dyson's crank, and the mex (minimal e

Liangliang Cao, Bowen Zhang, Chen Chen, Yinfei Yang

The CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) model and its variants are becoming the de facto backbone in many applications. However, training a CLIP model from hundreds of millions of image-text pairs can be prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, the conventional CLIP model doesn't differentiate between the visual semantics and meaning of text regions

Maria Leonor Pacheco, Tunazzina Islam, Lyle Ungar, Ming Yin

Experts across diverse disciplines are often interested in making sense of large text collections. Traditionally, this challenge is approached either by noisy unsupervised techniques such as topic models, or by following a manual theme discovery process. In this paper, we expand the definition of a theme to account for more than just a word distribution, and

Wang-Yu Tong, De-Xiang Yong, Xin Xu, Cai-Hua Qiu

Type I CRISPR-Cas systems are the most common among six types of CRISPR-Cas systems, however, non-self-targeting genome editing based on a single Cas3 of type I CRISPR-Cas systems has not been reported. Here, we present the subtype I-B-Svi CRISPR-Cas system (with three confirmed CRISPRs and a cas gene cluster) and genome editing based on this system found in

Xingqin Lin

Industries worldwide are being transformed by artificial intelligence (AI), and the telecom industry is no different. Standardization is critical for industry alignment to achieve widespread adoption of AI in telecom. The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) Release 18 is the first release of 5G-Advanced, which includes a diverse set of study and work i

Prateek Chhikara, Jiarui Zhang, Filip Ilievski, Jonathan Francis

Communication via natural language is a key aspect of machine intelligence, and it requires computational models to learn and reason about world concepts, with varying levels of supervision. Significant progress has been made on fully-supervised non-interactive tasks, such as question-answering and procedural text understanding. Yet, various sequential inter

Kun Jin, Tongxin Yin, Zhongzhu Chen, Zeyu Sun

We consider a federated learning (FL) system consisting of multiple clients and a server, where the clients aim to collaboratively learn a common decision model from their distributed data. Unlike the conventional FL framework that assumes the client's data is static, we consider scenarios where the clients' data distributions may be reshaped by the deployed

Matthew Farrugia-Roberts

Understanding the learning process of artificial neural networks requires clarifying the structure of the parameter space within which learning takes place. A neural network parameter's functional equivalence class is the set of parameters implementing the same input--output function. For many architectures, almost all parameters have a simple and well-docum

Blair Davey

We investigate the quantitative unique continuation properties of real-valued solutions to Schr\"odinger equations in the plane with potentials that exhibit growth at infinity. More precisely, for equations of the form $\Delta u - V u = 0$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$, with $|V(z)| \lesssim |z|^{N}$ for some $N \ge 0$, we prove that real-valued solutions satisfy expone

Christina X Ji, Ahmed M Alaa, David Sontag

Most machine learning models for predicting clinical outcomes are developed using historical data. Yet, even if these models are deployed in the near future, dataset shift over time may result in less than ideal performance. To capture this phenomenon, we consider a task--that is, an outcome to be predicted at a particular time point--to be non-stationary if

Braden Barnett, Yiqi Lyu, Kyle Pichney, Brian Sun

We constructed a modular, biomimetic red panda paw with which to experimentally investigate the evolutionary reason for the existence of the false thumbs of red pandas. These thumbs were once believed to have shared a common origin with the similar false thumbs of giant pandas; however, the discovery of a carnivorous fossil ancestor of the red panda that had

Shiqi Xu, Xiang Dai, Paul Ritter, Kyung Chul Lee

We report Tensorial tomographic Fourier Ptychography (ToFu), a new non-scanning label-free tomographic microscopy method for simultaneous imaging of quantitative phase and anisotropic specimen information in 3D. Built upon Fourier Ptychography, a quantitative phase imaging technique, ToFu additionally highlights the vectorial nature of light. The imaging set

Dima Rekesh, Nithin Rao Koluguri, Samuel Kriman, Somshubra Majumdar

Conformer-based models have become the dominant end-to-end architecture for speech processing tasks. With the objective of enhancing the conformer architecture for efficient training and inference, we carefully redesigned Conformer with a novel downsampling schema. The proposed model, named Fast Conformer(FC), is 2.8x faster than the original Conformer, supp

David L. Johnson

The existence of orthogonal local coordinates is a generalization of the manifold being conformally flat. It is always possible to construct orthogonal coordinates on 2-manifolds, using geometric normal coordinates or isothermal coordinates. In 1984, Dennis DeTurck and Dean Yang [4] showed the existence of orthogonal coordinates on any Riemannian 3-manifold.

Jing Xiong, Yu Zhang

Accurate load forecasting is critical for reliable and efficient planning and operation of electric power grids. In this paper, we propose a unifying deep learning framework for load forecasting, which includes time-varying feature weighting, hierarchical temporal attention, and feature-reinforced error correction. Our framework adopts a modular design with

Alissa Furet, Theo Johnson-Freyd

We calculate the ground state degeneracies of all twisted sectors in the "Conway Moonshine'' holomorphic SCFT $V^{f\natural}$. We find that almost all sectors have ground states of only a single parity: specifically, 66 twisted sectors have nontrivial ground states of a single parity, 39 twisted sectors have spontaneous supersymmetry breaking, and only 6 twi

Abdelwahed Khamis, Russell Tsuchida, Mohamed Tarek, Vivien Rolland

Optimal Transport (OT) is a mathematical framework that first emerged in the eighteenth century and has led to a plethora of methods for answering many theoretical and applied questions. The last decade has been a witness to the remarkable contributions of this classical optimization problem to machine learning. This paper is about where and how optimal tran

Naveen Ram, Dima Kuzmin, Ellie Ka In Chio, Moustafa Farid Alzantot

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a multitask end-to-end transformer model on the task of conversational recommendations, which aim to provide recommendations based on a user's explicit preferences expressed in dialogue. While previous works in this area adopt complex multi-component approaches where the dialogue management and entity recommendati

Neeraj Varshney, Himanshu Gupta, Eric Robertson, Bing Liu

State-of-the-art natural language processing models have been shown to achieve remarkable performance in 'closed-world' settings where all the labels in the evaluation set are known at training time. However, in real-world settings, 'novel' instances that do not belong to any known class are often observed. This renders the ability to deal with novelties cru

Sayeri Lala, Niraj K. Jha

The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) of a medical intervention but requires 100s-1000s of subjects, making it expensive and difficult to implement. While a cross-over trial can reduce sample size requirements by measuring the treatment effect per individual, it is only applicable to chro

Xijun Wang, Santiago López-Tapia, Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Atmospheric Turbulence (AT) correction is a challenging restoration task as it consists of two distortions: geometric distortion and spatially variant blur. Diffusion models have shown impressive accomplishments in photo-realistic image synthesis and beyond. In this paper, we propose a novel deep conditional diffusion model under a variational inference fram

Niyati Desai, Garreth J. Ruane, Jorge D. Llop-Sayson, Arielle Bertrou-Cantou

Of the over 5000 exoplanets that have been detected, only about a dozen have ever been directly imaged. Earth-like exoplanets are on the order of 10 billion times fainter than their host star in visible and near-infrared, requiring a coronagraph instrument to block primary starlight and allow for the imaging of nearby orbiting planets. In the pursuit of dire

Zachary Roelen, Vincent Tabard-Cossa

Molecular carriers represent an increasingly common strategy in the field of nanopore sensing to use secondary molecules to selectively report on the presence of target analytes in solution, allowing for sensitive assays of otherwise hard-to-detect molecules such as small, weakly-charged proteins. However, existing carrier designs can often introduce drawbac

Fuheng Zhao, Zach Miller, Leron Reznikov, Divyakant Agrawal

The Log Structured Merge Trees (LSM-tree) based key-value stores are widely used in many storage systems to support a variety of operations such as updates, point reads, and range reads. Traditionally, LSM-tree's merge policy organizes data into multiple levels of exponentially increasing capacity to support high-speed writes. However, we contend that the tr

N. C. Martinez, S. Paron

The study of molecules and their chemistry in star-forming regions is fundamental to understand the physical process occurring in such regions. The HCN and HNC J=1-0 emissions were used to derive their integrated line intensities (I), to probe a relation recently appeared in the literature between the kinetic temperatures (T$_{K}$) and the isomeric (I) ratio

Roberto Hernández Palomares, Brent Nelson

We introduce the category of C*-discrete inclusions of C*-algebras $A\subset B$ with a faithful conditional expectation $E:B\twoheadrightarrow A$. This class includes many examples such as finite Watatani index inclusions, and also abundant infinite index inclusions like crossed products by outer actions of discrete (quantum) groups and unitary tensor catego

Trevor D. Wooley

Fix $k,s,n\in \mathbb N$, and consider non-zero integers $c_1,\ldots ,c_s$, not all of the same sign. Provided that $s\ge k(k+1)$, we establish a Hasse principle for the existence of lines having integral coordinates lying on the affine diagonal hypersurface defined by the equation $c_1x_1^k+\ldots +c_sx_s^k=n$. This conclusion surmounts the conventional con

Yiming Jiang, Jiangfan Zhang

Distributed detection over a blockchain-aided Internet of Things (BIoT) network in the presence of attacks is considered, where the integrated blockchain is employed to secure data exchanges over the BIoT as well as data storage at the agents of the BIoT. We consider a general adversary model where attackers jointly exploit the vulnerability of IoT devices a

Mohamed Mjd Alhafi, Mohammad Hammade, Khloud Al Jallad

Application security is an essential part of developing modern software, as lots of attacks depend on vulnerabilities in software. The number of attacks is increasing globally due to technological advancements. Companies must include security in every stage of developing, testing, and deploying their software in order to prevent data breaches. There are seve

Trent DeGiovanni, Fernando Guevara Vasquez, China Mauck

We use thermal noise induced currents to image the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity of a body. Covariances of the thermal noise currents measured at a few electrodes are shown to be related to a deterministic problem. We use the covariances obtained while selectively heating the body to recover the real power density in the body under known bound

Rodrigo Dal Bosco Fontana

We investigate the scalar field equation in a (2+1)-dimensional charged BTZ black hole. The quasinormal spectra of the solution are obtained applying two different methods and good convergence between both is achieved. Using the characteristic integration technique we tested the geometry evidencing its stability against linear scalar perturbations. As a cons

Shengqi Yang, Fangzhou Jiang, Andrew Benson, Yi-Ming Zhong

One necessary step for probing the nature of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) particles with astrophysical observations is to pin down any possible velocity dependence in the SIDM cross section. Major challenges for achieving this goal include eliminating, or mitigating, the impact of the baryonic components and tidal effects within the dark matter halos

Ani Kristo, Tim Kraska

External sorting is at the core of many operations in large-scale database systems, such as ordering and aggregation queries for large result sets, building indexes, sort-merge joins, duplicate removal, sharding, and record clustering. Unlike in-memory sorting, these algorithms need to work together with the OS and the filesystem to efficiently utilize syste

Mario W. Barela

The Minimal 3-3-1 Model (m331) offers a compelling extension of the Standard Model, with a rich particle content that allows for exciting phenomenological possibilities. The parameter space of the theory, however, remains relatively unconstrained. Regarding its effective range of validity, it is understood in the literature that the $U(1)_X$ coupling diverge

Shashank Rajput, Nikhil Mehta, Anima Singh, Raghunandan H. Keshavan

Modern recommender systems perform large-scale retrieval by first embedding queries and item candidates in the same unified space, followed by approximate nearest neighbor search to select top candidates given a query embedding. In this paper, we propose a novel generative retrieval approach, where the retrieval model autoregressively decodes the identifiers

Martin Bromberger, Lorenz Leutgeb, Christoph Weidenbach

Clause sets saturated by hierarchic ordered resolution do not offer a model representation that can be effectively queried, in general. They only offer the guarantee of the existence of a model. We present an effective symbolic model construction for saturated constrained Horn clauses. Constraints are in linear arithmetic, the first-order part is restricted

Dakhilallah Algethami, Andrey Mudrov

We evaluate one-dimensional representations of quantum symmetric conjugacy classes of classical matrix groups along with their quantum stabilizer subgroups.

Hyeokhyen Kwon, Chaitra Hegde, Yashar Kiarashi, Venkata Siva Krishna Madala

Camera-based activity monitoring systems are becoming an attractive solution for smart building applications with the advances in computer vision and edge computing technologies. In this paper, we present a feasibility study and systematic analysis of a camera-based indoor localization and multi-person tracking system implemented on edge computing devices wi

Tao Hong

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as the Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT), have achieved tremendous success in various language tasks, but their emergent abilities have also raised many questions, concerns, and challenges that need to be addressed. To gain a better understanding of the models' inner mechanisms, we analyze the hidden state and channel

G. B Olson, Z. K. Liu

The CALPHAD system of fundamental phase-level databases, now known as the Materials Genome, has enabled a mature technology of computational materials design and qualification that has already met the acceleration goals of the national Materials Genome Initiative. As first commercialized by QuesTek Innovations, the methodology combines efficient genomic-leve

Arthur Gonçalves Fidalgo

In 1981, Andr\'e Joyal provided a combinatorial interpretation of the algebra of formal power series, a central gadget in the toolkit of enumerative combinatorics. In Joyal's theory of species of structures, combinatorial species (like permutations, graphs, partitions, etc.) are incarnated in endofunctors on the category of finite sets and bijections. Specie

Albi Kerbizi, Leif Lönnblad

Quark spin effects in hadronization were recently included in the PYTHIA 8 Monte Carlo event generator for the simulation of the deep inelastic scattering (DIS) process off a polarized proton or neutron target. The spin effects were activated via the external StringSpinner package, which is based on the string+${}^3P_0$ model of polarized hadronization, and

Zehui Zhu, Imad L. Al-Qadi

Cracking is a common failure mode in asphalt concrete (AC) pavements. Many tests have been developed to characterize the fracture behavior of AC. Accurate crack detection during testing is crucial to describe AC fracture behavior. This paper proposed a framework to detect surface cracks in AC specimens using two-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC). T

E. A. Bergin, E. Kempton, M. Hirschmann, S. T. Bastelberger

We explore terrestrial planet formation with a focus on the supply of solid-state organics as the main source of volatile carbon. For the water-poor Earth, the water ice line, or ice sublimation front, within the planet-forming disk has long been a key focal point. We posit that the soot line, the location where solid-state organics are irreversibly destroye

Brian Wheatman, Randal Burns, Aydın Buluç, Helen Xu

This paper introduces the batch-parallel Compressed Packed Memory Array (CPMA), a compressed, dynamic, ordered set data structure based on the Packed Memory Array (PMA). Traditionally, batch-parallel sets are built on pointer-based data structures such as trees because pointer-based structures enable fast parallel unions via pointer manipulation. When compar

Lorenzo Bertolini

A consistent body of evidence suggests that dream reports significantly vary from other types of textual transcripts with respect to semantic content. Furthermore, it appears to be a widespread belief in the dream/sleep research community that dream reports constitute rather ``unique'' strings of text. This might be a notable issue for the growing amount of

Valentina D'Odorico, E. Banados, G. D. Becker, M. Bischetti

The final phase of the reionization process can be probed by rest-frame UV absorption spectra of quasars at z>6, shedding light on the properties of the diffuse intergalactic medium within the first Gyr of the Universe. The ESO Large Programme "XQR-30: the ultimate XSHOOTER legacy survey of quasars at z~5.8-6.6" dedicated ~250 hours of observations at the VL

Francesco Giovanni Celiberto, Luigi Delle Rose, Michael Fucilla, Gabriele Gatto

We study the inclusive production, at hadron colliders, of a Higgs boson and a jet widely separated in rapidity. Kinematic sectors explored fall into the so-called semi-hard regime, where both fixed-order and high-energy dynamics come into play. Therefore, we propose a first version of a matching procedure aimed at combining NLO fixed-order computations, as

Saleh Khalaj Monfared, Tahoura Mosavirik, Shahin Tajik

The threats of physical side-channel attacks and their countermeasures have been widely researched. Most physical side-channel attacks rely on the unavoidable influence of computation or storage on current consumption or voltage drop on a chip. Such data-dependent influence can be exploited by, for instance, power or electromagnetic analysis. In this work, w

Wesley Fussner, Simon Santschi

We prove that there are continuum-many axiomatic extensions of the full Lambek calculus with exchange that have the deductive interpolation property. Further, we extend this result to both classical and intuitionistic linear logic as well as their multiplicative-additive fragments. None of the logics we exhibit have the Craig interpolation property, but we s

Thilini Wijesiriwardene, Ruwan Wickramarachchi, Bimal G. Gajera, Shreeyash Mukul Gowaikar

Over the past decade, analogies, in the form of word-level analogies, have played a significant role as an intrinsic measure of evaluating the quality of word embedding methods such as word2vec. Modern large language models (LLMs), however, are primarily evaluated on extrinsic measures based on benchmarks such as GLUE and SuperGLUE, and there are only a few

Prajit Dhara, Saikat Guha

Electron spin states of solid-state defects such as Nitrogen- and Silicon-vacancy {\em color centers} in diamond are a leading quantum-memory candidate for quantum communications and computing. Via open-quantum-systems modeling of spin-phonon coupling -- the major contributor of decoherence -- at a given temperature, we derive the time dynamics of the densit

Scott Armstrong, Vlad Vicol

For every $\alpha < \frac13$, we construct an explicit divergence-free vector field $\mathbf{b}(t,x)$ which is periodic in space and time and belongs to $C^0_t C^{\alpha}_x \cap C^{\alpha}_t C^0_x$ such that the corresponding scalar advection-diffusion equation $$\partial_t \theta^\kappa + \mathbf{b} \cdot \nabla \theta^\kappa - \kappa \Delta \theta^\kappa =

Cunzhi Zhang, Marcello Puligheddu, Linfeng Zhang, Roberto Car

Measuring the thermal conductivity ($\kappa$) of water at extreme conditions is a challenging task and few experimental data are available. We predict $\kappa$ for temperatures and pressures relevant to the conditions of the Earth mantle, between 1,000 and 2,000 K and up to 22 GPa. We employ close to equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and a deep neur

Graham J. Hornig, Kyle G. Scheuer, Ray G. DeCorby

The bulk acoustic modes of liquid droplets, well understood from a theoretical perspective, have rarely been observed experimentally. Here, we report the direct observation of acoustic vibrational modes in a picoliter-scale droplet, extending up to ~ 40 MHz. This was achieved by coupling the droplet to an ultra-sensitive optomechanical sensor, which operates

Eduardo García-Juárez, Javier Gómez-Serrano, Susanna V. Haziot, Benoît Pausader

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of solutions of the Muskat equation with initial interface consisting of multiple corners allowing for linear growth at infinity. Specifically, we prove that if the initial data contains a finite set of small corners then we can find a precise description of the solution showing how these corners desingularize and m

Pooyan Khosravinia, Thinagaran Perumal, Javad Zarrin

Car accidents remain a significant public safety issue worldwide, with the majority of them attributed to driver errors stemming from inadequate driving knowledge, non-compliance with regulations, and poor driving habits. To improve road safety, Driving Behavior Detection (DBD) systems have been proposed in several studies to identify safe and unsafe driving

Henry Kierstead, Eric Ren

Let $G$ be a connected graph on $n$ vertices. The Gallai number $Gal(G)$ of $G$ is the size of the smallest set of vertices that meets every maximum path in $G$. Gr\"unbaum constructed a graph $G$ with $Gal(G)=3$. Very recently, Long, Milans, and Munaro, proved that $Gal(G)\leq 8n^{{3}/{4}}$. This was the first sublinear upper bound on $Gal(G)$ in terms of $

Raluca M. Balan, Wangjun Yuan

In this article, we study the hyperbolic Anderson model in dimension 1, driven by a time-independent rough noise, i.e. the noise associated with the fractional Brownian motion of Hurst index $H \in (1/4,1/2)$. We prove that, with appropriate normalization and centering, the spatial integral of the solution converges in distribution to the standard normal dis

Ramon Herrera, Michel Housset, Constanza Osses, Nelson Videla

Inspired by the reconstruction scheme of the inflaton field potential $V(\phi)$ from the attractors$n_s(N)$, we investigate the viability of reconstruct the inflationary potential within the framework of k-inflation for a non-linear kinetic term $K(X)=k_{n+1}X^n$ through three expressions for the scalar spectral index $n_s(N)$, namely: (i) $n_s-1=-\frac{2}{N

Yuri Bilu

This is an exposition of a theorem due to Chevalley (1951) and Bass (1965). Let $K$ be a finitely generated field. Then there exists a positive integer $\Lambda$, depending only on $K$, such that for every positive integer $n$ the following holds: if $\alpha\in K$ is a $\Lambda n$th power in the cyclotomic extension $K(\zeta_{\Lambda n})$, then $\alpha$ is a

Opeyemi Ajibuwa, Bechir Hamdaoui, Attila A. Yavuz

AI/ML-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and misbehavior detection systems (MDSs) have shown great potential in identifying anomalies in the network traffic of networked autonomous systems. Despite the vast research efforts, practical deployments of such systems in the real world have been limited. Although the safety-critical nature of autonomous syst

Matteo Lucchini, Guglielmo Mastroserio, Jingyi Wang, Erin Kara

Accreting black holes commonly exhibit hard X-ray emission, originating from a region of hot plasma near the central engine referred to as the corona. The origin and geometry of the corona are poorly understood, and models invoking either inflowing or outflowing material (or both) can successfully explain only parts of the observed phenomenology. In particul

Mattia Miotto, Nina Warner, Giancarlo Ruocco, Gian Gaetano Tartaglia

Enhanced stabilisation of protein structures via the presence of inert excipients is a key mechanism adopted both by physiological systems and in biotechnological applications. While the intrinsic stability of proteins is ultimately fixed by their amino acid composition and organisation, the interactions between excipients and proteins together with their co

Paola Comparin, Romain Demelle, Pablo Quezada Mora

H\"ohn and Mason classified the possible symplectic groups acting on an Irreducible Holomorphic Symplectic (IHS) manifold of K3$^{[2]}$-type, finding that $\mathbb Z_3^4 : \mathcal A_6$ is the symplectic group with the biggest order. In this paper, we study the possible IHS manifolds of K3$^{[2]}$-type with a symplectic action of $\mathbb Z_3^4 : \mathcal A_

Brian D Wood

An introduction to applied mathematics written for students in engineering and science. Focus is on a rigorous presentation that also builds understanding by discussion, analogy, and examples. Discussion of concepts involved in modeling physical processes is a central theme in the text. Updated with new chapter on feedforward neural networks.

Luiz Henrique Lopes dos Santos

We shall settle the completeness of some classical positive propositional calculi (positive propositional calculi in which the so-called Peirce's law holds) by resorting to a close adaptation of Kalmar's completeness proof procedure. First of all, we shall employ this adaptation to establish the completeness of the most familiar axiomatic characterization of

Gabriele Cora, Roberta Musina, Alexander I. Nazarov

We study Hardy type inequalities involving mixed cylindrical and spherical weights, for functions supported in cones. These inequalities are related to some singular or degenerate differential operators.

Albert Cho, Anish Saxena, Moinuddin Qureshi, Alexandros Daglis

The memory system is a major performance determinant for server processors. Ever-growing core counts and datasets demand higher bandwidth and capacity as well as lower latency from the memory system. To keep up with growing demands, DDR--the dominant processor interface to memory over the past two decades--has offered higher bandwidth with every generation.

Gabriel Gil, Augusto Gonzalez

It is shown that a spin system is equivalent to a set of constrained harmonic oscillators. For finite, but large, systems, a continuous approximation to the density of states can be used, and the oscillator frequencies can be exactly computed. In the phase transition, the effective frequency of the lowest mode passes through zero, that is, it becomes an inve

Salman Ahmadi-Asl, Ugochukwu Ugwu

This work deals with developing two fast randomized algorithms for computing the generalized tensor singular value decomposition (GTSVD) based on the tubal product (t-product). The random projection method is utilized to compute the important actions of the underlying data tensors and use them to get small sketches of the original data tensors, which are eas

Salman Ahmadi-Asl, Anh Huy Phan, Andrzej Cichocki, Anastasia Sozykina

In this paper, we propose a new adaptive cross algorithm for computing a low tubal rank approximation of third-order tensors, with less memory and lower computational complexity than the truncated tensor SVD (t-SVD). This makes it applicable for decomposing large-scale tensors. We conduct numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets to confirm

Anton Gorodetski, Victor Kleptsyn

We prove a version of pointwise Ergodic Theorem for non-stationary random dynamical systems. Also, we discuss two specific examples where the result is applicable: non-stationary iterated function systems and non-stationary random matrix products.

Tamás Vörös, Sean Paul Bergeron, Konstantin Berlin

We introduce a state-of-the-art approach for URL categorization that leverages the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) to address the primary objectives of web content filtering: safeguarding organizations from legal and ethical risks, limiting access to high-risk or suspicious websites, and fostering a secure and professional work environment. Our method

Li Jiang, Zetong Yang, Shaoshuai Shi, Vladislav Golyanik

Masked signal modeling has greatly advanced self-supervised pre-training for language and 2D images. However, it is still not fully explored in 3D scene understanding. Thus, this paper introduces Masked Shape Prediction (MSP), a new framework to conduct masked signal modeling in 3D scenes. MSP uses the essential 3D semantic cue, i.e., geometric shape, as the

Marco Lauricella, Letizia Chiodo, Fabio Bonaccorso, Mihir Durve

Physiological solvent flows surround biological structures triggering therein collective motions. Notable examples are virus/host-cell interactions and solvent-mediated allosteric regulation. The present work describes a multiscale approach joining the Lattice Boltzmann fluid dynamics (for solvent flows) with the all-atom atomistic molecular dynamics (for pr

Arthur Alencastro Puls, Luca Casagrande, Stephanie Monty, David Yong

In this study we combine asteroseismic, spectroscopic and kinematic information to perform a detailed analysis of a sample of 16 stars from the Kepler field. Our selection focuses on stars that appear to contradict Galactic chemical evolution models: young and $\alpha$-rich, old and metal-rich, as well as other targets with unclear classification in past sur