October 2023 arXiv papers — page 118

Iacopo Catalano, Xianjia Yu, Jorge Pena Queralta

With the increasing prevalence of drones in various industries, the navigation and tracking of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in challenging environments, particularly GNSS-denied areas, have become crucial concerns. To address this need, we present a novel multi-LiDAR dataset specifically designed for UAV tracking. Our dataset includes data from a spinning

Ivan V. Panyukov, Vladislav Yu. Shishkov, Evgeny S. Andrianov

The quantum regression theorem is a powerful tool for calculating the muli-time correlators of operators of open quantum systems which dynamics can be described in Markovian approximation. It enables to obtain the closed system of equation for the multi-time correlators. However, the scope of the quantum regression theorem is limited by a particular time ord

Florence Regol, Joud Chataoui, Mark Coates

Large pretrained models, coupled with fine-tuning, are slowly becoming established as the dominant architecture in machine learning. Even though these models offer impressive performance, their practical application is often limited by the prohibitive amount of resources required for every inference. Early-exiting dynamic neural networks (EDNN) circumvent th

Amal Nammouchi, Andreas Kassler, Andreas Theorachis

Climate change and its impact on global sustainability are critical challenges, demanding innovative solutions that combine cutting-edge technologies and scientific insights. Quantum machine learning (QML) has emerged as a promising paradigm that harnesses the power of quantum computing to address complex problems in various domains including climate change

Andrew Kobin

We extend our previous classification of stacky curves in positive characteristic using higher ramification data and Artin-Schreier-Witt theory. The main new technical tool introduced is the Artin-Schreier-Witt root stack, a generalization of root stacks to the wildly ramified setting. We then apply our wild Riemann-Hurwitz theorem for stacks to compute the

Sangdon Jin, Seunghyeok Kim

We investigate a novel connection between the weighted isoperimetric problems and the weighted Poisson integrals of the extension problems for nonlocal elliptic operators. We first derive sharp inequalities for the weighted Poisson integrals associated with degenerate elliptic equations on the half-space and the unit ball, and classify their extremizers. The

Rebecca Briffa, Celia Escamilla-Rivera, Jackson Levi Said, Jurgen Mifsud

Cosmology faces a pressing challenge with the Hubble constant ($H_0$) tension, where the locally measured rate of the Universe's expansion does not align with predictions from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) calibrated with $\Lambda$CDM model. Simultaneously, there is a growing tension involving the weighted amplitude of matter fluctuations, known as $

Meiqi Chen, Yubo Ma, Kaitao Song, Yixin Cao

Event relations are crucial for narrative understanding and reasoning. Governed by nuanced logic, event relation extraction (ERE) is a challenging task that demands thorough semantic understanding and rigorous logical reasoning. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth investigation to systematically explore the capability of LLMs in understanding and applying

Kohdai Kuroiwa, Ryuji Takagi, Gerardo Adesso, Hayata Yamasaki

Quantum resource theories (QRTs) provide a unified framework to analyze quantum properties as resources for achieving advantages in quantum information processing. The generalized robustness and the weight of resource have been gaining increasing attention as useful resource quantifiers. However, the existing analyses of these measures were restricted to the

Alexandros Hollender, Manolis Zampetakis

Finding approximate stationary points, i.e., points where the gradient is approximately zero, of non-convex but smooth objective functions $f$ over unrestricted $d$-dimensional domains is one of the most fundamental problems in classical non-convex optimization. Nevertheless, the computational and query complexity of this problem are still not well understoo

A. Zuevsky

Chain total double complexes with reductive differentials for non-abelian simplexes with associated spaces are considered. It is conjectured that corresponding relative cohomology is equivalent to the coset space of vanishing over non-vanishing functionals related to differentials of complexes. The conjecture is supported by the theorem for the case of space

Andrei Rabusov, Daniel Greenwald, Stephan Paul

We present preliminary results of a partial-wave analysis of $\tau^-\to\pi^-\pi^-\pi^+\nu_\tau$ in data from the Belle experiment at the KEKB $\mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^-$ collider. We demonstrate the presence of the $\mathrm{a}_1(1420)$ and $\mathrm{a}_1(1640)$ resonances in tauon decays and measure their masses and widths. We also present validation of our fi

Kohdai Kuroiwa, Ryuji Takagi, Gerardo Adesso, Hayata Yamasaki

Identifying what quantum-mechanical properties are useful to untap a superior performance in quantum technologies is a pivotal question. Quantum resource theories provide a unified framework to analyze and understand such properties, as successfully demonstrated for entanglement and coherence. While these are examples of convex resources, for which quantum a

J. M. DerKacy, C. Ashall, P. Hoeflich, E. Baron

We present a JWST mid-infrared spectrum of the under-luminous Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) 2022xkq, obtained with the medium-resolution spectrometer on the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) $\sim130$ days post-explosion. We identify the first MIR lines beyond 14 $\mu$m in SN Ia observations. We find features unique to under-luminous SNe Ia, including: isolated emi

Yuichiro Nakai, Ryo Namba, Ippei Obata, Yu-Cheng Qiu

The recent analysis of the Planck 2018 polarization data shows a nonzero isotropic cosmic birefringence (ICB) that is not explained within the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm. We then explore the question of whether the nonzero ICB is interpreted by the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), or at the energy scales of the cosmic microwave back

Abdelrhman Eldallal, Eduard Barbu

Automatic Keyphrase Extraction involves identifying essential phrases in a document. These keyphrases are crucial in various tasks such as document classification, clustering, recommendation, indexing, searching, summarization, and text simplification. This paper introduces a platform that integrates keyphrase datasets and facilitates the evaluation of keyph

Tianming Li, Hong Yang, Maohua Wang, Chengping Yin

Based on the broken spatial symmetry, we propose a novel scheme for engineering a unidirectional photonic reflector using a one-dimensional atomic lattice with defective cells that have been specifically designed to be vacant. By trapping three-level atoms and driving them into the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency, and through the skillful

Philipp Haas

Lattice-QCD predicts the exotic meson $\pi_1(1600)$ to dominantly decay to $b_1\pi$. The $b_1\pi$ decay channel is accessible via the $\omega\pi^{-}\pi^{0}$ final state. COMPASS recorded the so far largest data set of this final state. A partial-wave analysis allows to determine the resonant content in this final state including possible contributions from $

Sheng Zhou, Dan Guo, Jia Li, Xun Yang

Text-based visual question answering (TextVQA) faces the significant challenge of avoiding redundant relational inference. To be specific, a large number of detected objects and optical character recognition (OCR) tokens result in rich visual relationships. Existing works take all visual relationships into account for answer prediction. However, there are th

Alessandra Fumagalli, Matteo Costanzi, Alexandro Saro, Tiago Castro

The clustering of galaxy clusters is a powerful cosmological tool, which can help to break degeneracies between parameters when combined with other cosmological observables. We aim to demonstrate its potential in constraining cosmological parameters and scaling relations when combined with cluster counts and weak lensing mass information, using as a case stu

Sourin Chatterjee, Ahad N. Zehmakan, Sujay Rastogi

Epidemic outbreaks pose significant challenges to public health and socio-economic stability, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of disease transmission dynamics and effective control strategies. This article discusses the limitations of traditional compartmental and network-based models and, inspired by the opinion formation models, introduces a ro

Albert Reuther, Peter Michaleas, Michael Jones, Vijay Gadepally

This paper is an update of the survey of AI accelerators and processors from past four years, which is now called the Lincoln AI Computing Survey - LAICS (pronounced "lace"). As in past years, this paper collects and summarizes the current commercial accelerators that have been publicly announced with peak performance and peak power consumption numbers. The

Jacek Karwowski, Oliver Hayman, Xingjian Bai, Klaus Kiendlhofer

Implementing a reward function that perfectly captures a complex task in the real world is impractical. As a result, it is often appropriate to think of the reward function as a proxy for the true objective rather than as its definition. We study this phenomenon through the lens of Goodhart's law, which predicts that increasing optimisation of an imperfect p

H. Wen, T. Huang, D. Xiao

In the era of digital markets, the challenge for consumers is discerning quality amidst information asymmetry. While traditional markets use brand mechanisms to address this issue, transferring such systems to internet-based P2P markets, where misleading practices like fake ratings are rampant, remains challenging. Current internet platforms strive to counte

Frederick Heinz, Jonas Proksch, Robert F. Schmidt, Beate Koksch

Biocompatible and functionalizable hydrogels have a wide range of (potential) medicinal applications. In contrast to conventional hydrogels formed by interconnected or interlocked polymer chains, self-assembled hydrogels form from small building blocks like short peptide chains. This has the advantage that the building blocks can be functionalized separately

Vukosi Marivate, Moseli Mots'Oehli, Valencia Wagner, Richard Lastrucci

Natural language processing (NLP) has made significant progress for well-resourced languages such as English but lagged behind for low-resource languages like Setswana. This paper addresses this gap by presenting PuoBERTa, a customised masked language model trained specifically for Setswana. We cover how we collected, curated, and prepared diverse monolingua

Chuan Huang, Paul Vaska, Yongfeng Gao, Shaojie Chang

Contained within this volume are the scholarly contributions presented in both oral and poster formats at Fully3D 2023: The 17th International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. This conference convened from July 16-21, 2023, at Stony Brook University in New York. For ease of reference, all papers are o

Jose Reslen

The issue of thermalization in open quantum systems is explored from the perspective of fermion models with quadratic couplings and linear baths. Both the thermodynamic state and the stationary solution of the Lindblad equation are rendered as a matrix-product sequence following a reformulation in terms of underlying algebras, allowing to characterize a fami

Athul Paul Jacob, Yikang Shen, Gabriele Farina, Jacob Andreas

When applied to question answering and other text generation tasks, language models (LMs) may be queried generatively (by sampling answers from their output distribution) or discriminatively (by using them to score or rank a set of candidate outputs). These procedures sometimes yield very different predictions. How do we reconcile mutually incompatible scori

Dominik Ecker

The chiral anomaly is a fundamental property of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It governs the transition amplitudes for processes involving an odd number of Goldstone bosons of chiral symmetry breaking. In case of the coupling of three pions to a photon, the magnitude of the resulting coupling is $F_{3\pi}$ and the value is predicted by chiral perturbation th

Euro Spallucci, Anais Smailagic

The Cornell potential can be derived from a recently proposed non-local extension of Abelian electrodynamics. Non-locality can be alternatively described by an extended charge distributions in Maxwell electrodynamics. We state that in these models the energy momentum tensor necessarily requires the presence of the interaction term between the field and the c

Marc Michalke, Francisco Carpio, Admela Jukan

When clustering devices at the edge, inter-node latency poses a significant challenge that directly impacts the application performance. In this paper, we experimentally examine the impact that inter-node latency has on application performance by measuring the throughput of an distributed serverless application in a real world testbed. We deploy Knative over

Monther Aldwairi, Mohamad Badra, Rouba Borghol

Many institutions and organizations require nostrification and verification of qualification as a prerequisite for hiring. The idea is to recognize the authenticity of a copy or digital document issued by an institution in a foreign country and detect forgeries. Certificates, financial records, health records, official papers and others are often required to

Junwen Zhang, Yin Zhang

In task-oriented dialogue scenarios, cross-domain zero-shot slot filling plays a vital role in leveraging source domain knowledge to learn a model with high generalization ability in unknown target domain where annotated data is unavailable. However, the existing state-of-the-art zero-shot slot filling methods have limited generalization ability in target do

K. P. Kluczyk, K. Gas, M. J. Grzybowski, P. Skupiński

Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) plays important role in the rapidly developing field of antiferromagnetic spintronics. It has been recently discussed that it can be a feature of not only uncompensated magnetic systems but also in altermagnetic materials. Hexagonal MnTe belongs to this appealing group of compounds exhibiting AHE and is commonly perceived as magne

Tim Becker, Jens Teiser, Teresa Jardiel, Marco Peiteado

Our earlier laboratory measurements showed that low-velocity sand impacts release fine <5 {\mu}m dust from a Martian simulant soil. This dust will become airborne in the Martian atmosphere. Here, we extend this study by measuring aerodynamic properties of ejecta and characterizing deviations from the behavior of spherical, monolithic grains. We observe the s

S. Gavino, J. Kobus, A. Dutrey, S. Guilloteau

Characterizing the dust thermal structure in protoplanetary disks is a fundamental task as the dust surface temperature can affect both the planetary formation and the chemical evolution. Since the temperature is dependent on many parameters, including the grain size, properly modeling the grain temperature structure can be challenging. Many chemistry disk m

Aruane M. Pineda, Paul Kent, Colm Connaughton, Francisco A. Rodrigues

In this article, we consider machine learning algorithms to accurately predict two variables associated with the $Q$-voter model in complex networks, i.e., (i) the consensus time and (ii) the frequency of opinion changes. Leveraging nine topological measures of the underlying networks, we verify that the clustering coefficient (C) and information centrality

Peihua Mai, Ran Yan, Zhe Huang, Youjia Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language understanding by capturing hidden semantics in vector space. This process enriches the value of text embeddings for various downstream tasks, thereby fostering the Embedding-as-a-Service (EaaS) business model. However, the risk of privacy leakage due to direct text transmission to servers remains a criti

Loong Kuan Lee, Geoffrey I. Webb, Daniel F. Schmidt, Nico Piatkowski

The ability to compute the exact divergence between two high-dimensional distributions is useful in many applications but doing so naively is intractable. Computing the alpha-beta divergence -- a family of divergences that includes the Kullback-Leibler divergence and Hellinger distance -- between the joint distribution of two decomposable models, i.e chordal

Karl Bartolo, Peter Borg, Dayle Scicluna

Given a set $\mathcal{F}$ of graphs, we call a copy of a graph in $\mathcal{F}$ an $\mathcal{F}$-graph. The $\mathcal{F}$-isolation number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\iota(G,\mathcal{F})$, is the size of a smallest subset $D$ of the vertex set $V(G)$ such that the closed neighbourhood of $D$ intersects the vertex sets of the $\mathcal{F}$-graphs contained b

Maria Sofia Bucarelli, Matilde Fjeldsø Larsen, Chris Schwiegelshohn, Mads Bech Toftrup

Given a set of points, clustering consists of finding a partition of a point set into $k$ clusters such that the center to which a point is assigned is as close as possible. Most commonly, centers are points themselves, which leads to the famous $k$-median and $k$-means objectives. One may also choose centers to be $j$ dimensional subspaces, which gives rise

Hansen Feng, Lizhi Wang, Yiqi Huang, Yuzhi Wang

Recently, the mainstream practice for training low-light raw image denoising methods has shifted towards employing synthetic data. Noise modeling, which focuses on characterizing the noise distribution of real-world sensors, profoundly influences the effectiveness and practicality of synthetic data. Currently, physics-based noise modeling struggles to charac

João Libório Cardoso, Bernhard Kerbl, Lei Yang, Yury Uralsky

Visual error metrics play a fundamental role in the quantification of perceived image similarity. Most recently, use cases for them in real-time applications have emerged, such as content-adaptive shading and shading reuse to increase performance and improve efficiency. A wide range of different metrics has been established, with the most sophisticated being

Felix Schuhknecht

Index structures often materialize one or multiple levels of explicit indirections (aka pointers) to allow for a quick traversal to the data of interest. Unfortunately, dereferencing a pointer to go from one level to the other is costly since additionally to following the address, it involves two address translations from virtual memory to physical memory un

Federico Tomasi, Joseph Cauteruccio, Surya Kanoria, Kamil Ciosek

Personalization of playlists is a common feature in music streaming services, but conventional techniques, such as collaborative filtering, rely on explicit assumptions regarding content quality to learn how to make recommendations. Such assumptions often result in misalignment between offline model objectives and online user satisfaction metrics. In this pa

Haoqian Chen, Jian Liu, Minghe Li, Kaiwen Jiang

360{\deg} spherical images have advantages of wide view field, and are typically projected on a planar plane for processing, which is known as equirectangular image. The object shape in equirectangular images can be distorted and lack translation invariance. In addition, there are few publicly dataset of equirectangular images with labels, which presents a c

Johannes Fankhauser

One of quantum theory's salient features is its apparent indeterminism, i.e. measurement outcomes are typically probabilistic. We formally define and address whether this uncertainty is unavoidable or whether post-quantum theories can offer a predictive advantage while conforming to the Born rule on average. We present a no-go claim combining three aspects:

Aparna Saksena, Binhan Sun, Xizhen Dong, Heena Khanchandani

Atom probe tomography (APT) is extensively used to measure the local chemistry of materials. Site-specific preparation via a focused ion beam (FIB) is routinely implemented to fabricate needle-shaped specimens with an end radius in the range of 50 nm. This preparation route is sometimes supplemented by transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) to facilitate the

Haojing Huang, Jingheng Ye, Qingyu Zhou, Yinghui Li

In recent years, Chinese Spelling Check (CSC) has been greatly improved by designing task-specific pre-training methods or introducing auxiliary tasks, which mostly solve this task in an end-to-end fashion. In this paper, we propose to decompose the CSC workflow into detection, reasoning, and searching subtasks so that the rich external knowledge about the C

Johannes Rausch, Gentiana Rashiti, Maxim Gusev, Ce Zhang

Information in industry, research, and the public sector is widely stored as rendered documents (e.g., PDF files, scans). Hence, to enable downstream tasks, systems are needed that map rendered documents onto a structured hierarchical format. However, existing systems for this task are limited by heuristics and are not end-to-end trainable. In this work, we

R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez, K. P. Arunbabu

The Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission (GDE) is emitted by cosmic rays (CRs), ultra-relativistic protons and electrons, interacting with gas and electromagnetic radiation fields in the interstellar medium. Here we present the analysis of TeV diffuse emission from a region of the Galactic Plane over the range in longitude of $l\in[43^\circ,73^\circ]$, using

Marie Lynn Abdul-Karim, Eric Armengaud, Guillaume Mention, Solène Chabanier

Small-scale correlations measured in the Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) forest encode information about the intergalactic medium and the primordial matter power spectrum. In this article, we present and implement a simple method to measure the 3-dimensional power spectrum, $P_{\rm 3D}$, of the Ly$\alpha$ forest at wavenumbers $k$ corresponding to small, $\sim$

Songpengcheng Xia, Lei Chu, Ling Pei, Jiarui Yang

Human activity recognition (HAR) with wearables is one of the serviceable technologies in ubiquitous and mobile computing applications. The sliding-window scheme is widely adopted while suffering from the multi-class windows problem. As a result, there is a growing focus on joint segmentation and recognition with deep-learning methods, aiming at simultaneous

Alessio Martini, Federico Santagati, Anita Tabacco, Maria Vallarino

Let $T$ be a locally finite tree equipped with a flow measure $m$. Let $\mathcal L$ be the flow Laplacian on $(T,m)$. We prove that the first order Riesz transform $\nabla \mathcal L^{-1/2}$ is bounded on $L^p(m)$ for $p\in (1,\infty)$. Moreover, we prove a sharp $L^p$ spectral multiplier theorem of Mihlin--H\"ormander type for $\mathcal L$. In the case wher

Didier Le Bail, Mathieu Génois, Alain Barrat

Although many tools have been developed and employed to characterize temporal networks, the issue of how to compare them remains largely open. It depends indeed on what features are considered as relevant, and on the way the differences in these features are quantified. In this paper, we propose to characterize temporal networks through their behaviour under

A. Bağcı, P. E. Hoggan

The Dirac-Coulomb equation for helium-like ions is solved using the iterative self-consistent field method, with Slater-type spinor orbitals as the basis. These orbitals inherently satisfy the kinetic-balance condition due to their coupling for both large- and small-components. The $1/r_{12}$ Coulomb interaction is treated without constraints. Computations a

David Marcil

This paper generalizes a theorem of Hida on the structure of ordinary representations on unitary groups to $P$-ordinary representations, where $P$ is a general parabolic subgroup of some general linear group. When $P$ is minimal, we recover Hida's theorem which asserts that ordinary subspaces are 1-dimensional. While analogous $P$-ordinary subspaces are infi

Étienne André, Didier Lime, Olivier H. Roux

Ensuring the correctness of critical real-time systems, involving concurrent behaviours and timing requirements, is crucial. Timed automata extend finite-state automata with clocks, compared in guards and invariants with integer constants. Parametric timed automata (PTAs) extend timed automata with timing parameters. Parameter synthesis aims at computing den

Q. Zhang, M. Asjad, M. Reitz, C. Sommer

We analytically tackle opto-vibronic interactions in molecular systems driven by either classical or quantum light fields. In particular, we examine a simple model of molecules with two relevant electronic levels, characterized by potential landscapes with different positions of minima along the internuclear coordinate and of varying curvatures. Such systems

Hanmeng liu, Zhiyang Teng, Ruoxi Ning, Yiran Ding

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant general language understanding abilities. However, there has been a scarcity of attempts to assess the logical reasoning capacities of these LLMs, an essential facet of natural language understanding. To encourage further investigation in this area, we introduce GLoRE, a General Logical Reasoning Evaluation

Chun-Xiao Liu, A. Mert Bozkurt, Francesco Zatelli, Sebastiaan L. D. ten Haaf

Connecting double quantum dots via a semiconductor-superconductor hybrid segment offers a platform for creating a two-site Kitaev chain that hosts a pair of "poor man's Majoranas" at a finely tuned sweet spot. However, the effective couplings, which are mediated by Andreev bound states in the hybrid, are generally weak in the tunneling regime. As a consequen

Jun Wu, Yongxi Cheng, Zhen Yang, Feng Chu

In the context of fault-detection problems, the objective is to identify all defective items among a set of $n$ binary-state items using the minimum number of tests. The {group testing} paradigm, which allows testing a subset of items in a single test, serves as a fundamental technique for efficiently classifying large populations. We study a central problem

Thomas Kalmes, Adam Przestacki

In this paper we characterize mixing composition operators acting on the space $\mathscr{O}_M(\mathbb{R})$ of slowly increasing smooth functions. Moreover we relate the mixing property of those operators with the solvability of Abel's functional equation and we give a sufficient condition for sequential hypercyclicity of composition operators on $\mathscr{O}

Han Wu, Guangwu Xu

In his celebrated book "Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections" of 1247, Qin, Jiushao described the Chinese remainder theorem with great detail and generality. He also gave a method for computing modular inverse under the name of "DaYan deriving one". Historical significance of DaYan deriving one method has been well studied. In this paper, we investigate it

Christopher D. Rowley, Mark C. Nelson, Jennifer S. W. Campbell, Ilana R. Leppert

Purpose: Magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat) mapping is commonly used to examine the macromolecular content of brain tissue. This study compared variable flip angle (VFA) T1 mapping against compressed sensing (cs)MP2RAGE T1 mapping for accelerating MTsat imaging. Methods: VFA, MP2RAGE and csMP2RAGE were compared against inversion recovery (IR) T1 in a

Ziyuan Yang, Huijie Huangfu, Maosong Ran, Zhiwen Wang

Deep learning (DL) has made significant advancements in tomographic imaging, particularly in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) denoising. A recent trend involves servers training powerful models with large amounts of self-collected private data and providing application programming interfaces (APIs) for users, such as Chat-GPT. To avoid model leakage, user

Justin Whitehouse, Zhiwei Steven Wu, Aaditya Ramdas

Self-normalized processes arise naturally in many learning-related tasks. While self-normalized concentration has been extensively studied for scalar-valued processes, there are few results for multidimensional processes outside of the sub-Gaussian setting. In this work, we construct a general, self-normalized inequality for multivariate processes that satis

Lee Jollans, Mariana Bustamante, Lilian Henriksson, Anders Persson

Accurate segmentation of the heart is essential for personalized blood flow simulations and surgical intervention planning. Segmentations need to be accurate in every spatial dimension, which is not ensured by segmenting data slice by slice. Two cardiac computed tomography (CT) datasets consisting of 760 volumes across the whole cardiac cycle from 39 patient

Indrani Bose

The well-known Solow growth model is the workhorse model of the theory of economic growth, which studies capital accumulation in a model economy as a function of time with capital stock, labour and technology-based production as the basic ingredients. The capital is assumed to be in the form of manufacturing equipment and materials. Two important parameters

Claire Z. Antoine

This text is a full transcription of a lecture was given in the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) in 2023. A much shorter version is to be published in the JUAS book in 2024, along with all other lectures from the JUAS school. The aim of this lecture is to provide to physicists non-expert in materials science a glimpse on how superconducting mater

Guram Mikaberidze, Sayantan Nag Chowdhury, Alan Hastings, Raissa M. DSouza

Exploring the collective behavior of interacting entities is of great interest and importance. Rather than focusing on static and uniform connections, we examine the co-evolution of diverse mobile agents experiencing varying interactions across both space and time. Analogous to the social dynamics of intrinsically diverse individuals who navigate between and

Liam T. Edwards, Kaine A. Bunting, Brad Ramsey, Matthew Gunn

A new instrument was designed to take visible-light (VL) polarized brightness ($pB$) observations of the solar corona during the 14 December 2020 total solar eclipse. The instrument, called the Coronal Imaging Polarizer (CIP), consisted of a 16 MP CMOS detector, a linear polarizer housed within a piezoelectric rotation mount, and an f-5.6, 200 mm DSLR lens.

Heiner Bauer, Marco Stolba, Stefan Scholze, Dennis Walter

We present a low-power, energy efficient 32-bit RISC-V microprocessor unit (MCU) in 22 nm FD-SOI. It achieves ultra-low leakage,even at high temperatures, by using an adaptive reverse body biasing aware sign-off approach, a low-power optimized physical implementation, and custom SRAM macros with retention mode. We demonstrate the robustness of the chip with

I. García-Bernete, A. Alonso-Herrero, D. Rigopoulou, M. Pereira-Santaella

We use JWST/MIRI MRS spectroscopy of a sample of six local obscured type 1.9/2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) to compare their nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with the level of nuclear obscuration traced by X-rays. This study is the first to use sub-arcsecond angular resolution data of local obscured AGN to investigate the nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with

Abdullah Al Imran, Md Sakib Hossain Shovon, M. F. Mridha

This study presents a large multi-modal Bangla YouTube clickbait dataset consisting of 253,070 data points collected through an automated process using the YouTube API and Python web automation frameworks. The dataset contains 18 diverse features categorized into metadata, primary content, engagement statistics, and labels for individual videos from 58 Bangl

Guangshun Wei, Hao Pan, Shaojie Zhuang, Yuanfeng Zhou

Point clouds acquired by 3D scanning devices are often sparse, noisy, and non-uniform, causing a loss of geometric features. To facilitate the usability of point clouds in downstream applications, given such input, we present a learning-based point upsampling method, i.e., iPUNet, which generates dense and uniform points at arbitrary ratios and better captur

Oliver Eberle, Jochen Büttner, Hassan El-Hajj, Grégoire Montavon

Historical materials are abundant. Yet, piecing together how human knowledge has evolved and spread both diachronically and synchronically remains a challenge that can so far only be very selectively addressed. The vast volume of materials precludes comprehensive studies, given the restricted number of human specialists. However, as large amounts of historic

Laura Koesten, Drew Dimmery, Michael Gleicher, Torsten Möller

In contrast to objectively measurable aspects (such as accuracy, reading speed, or memorability), the subjective experience of visualizations has only recently gained importance, and we have less experience how to measure it. We explore how subjective experience is affected by chart design using multiple experimental methods. We measure the effects of change

F Bagarello, F. Gargano, L. Saluto

In this paper we consider squares of pseudo-bosonic ladder operators and we use them to produce explicit examples of eigenstates of certain operators satisfying a deformed $\mathfrak{su}(1,1)$ Lie algebra. We show how these eigenstates may, or may not, be square-integrable. In both cases, a notion of biorthonormality can be introduced and analyzed. Some exam

Qichen Ye, Junling Liu, Dading Chong, Peilin Zhou

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into healthcare holds great potential but faces challenges. Pre-training LLMs from scratch for domains like medicine is resource-heavy and often unfeasible. On the other hand, sole reliance on Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT) can result in overconfident predictions and may not tap into domain-specific insights. In respons

Claudio Paonessa, Yanick Schraner, Jan Deriu, Manuela Hürlimann

This paper investigates the challenges in building Swiss German speech translation systems, specifically focusing on the impact of dialect diversity and differences between Swiss German and Standard German. Swiss German is a spoken language with no formal writing system, it comprises many diverse dialects and is a low-resource language with only around 5 mil

Miguel M. Valero, Marcello Meldi

A physics-infused strategy relying on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is here used to augment the accuracy of a continuous Immersed Boundary Method (IBM). The latter is a classical penalty method accounting for the presence of the immersed body via a volume source term which is included in the Navier-Stokes equations. The model coefficients of the penaliza

Sunyo Moon, Seungkook Park

Let $G$ be a unicyclic graph. In this paper, we provide an upper bound for the number of Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$ within the interval $[0,1)$ in terms of the diameter and the girth of $G$.

Harvey B. Meyer

In QCD at energies well below a heavy-quark threshold, the heavy-quark vector current can be represented via local operators made of the lighter quarks and of the gluon fields. We extract the leading perturbative matching coefficients for the two most important sets of operators from known results. As an application, we analytically determine the ${\rm O}(\a

Gavril Farkas, Alessandro Verra

We show that the moduli space R_9 of Prym curves of genus 9 is uniruled. This is the largest genus g for which R_g has negative Kodaira dimension.

Shailendra K Chaubeya, Rahul Kumar, Paula Laborda, Martin Kartau

Biologically important molecules span a size range from very large biomacromolecules, such as proteins to small metabolite molecules. Consequently, spectroscopic techniques which can detect and characterize the structure of inherently chiral biomolecules over this range of scale at the femtomole level are necessary to develop novel biosensing and diagnostic

L. Régnier, M. Dolgushev, O. Bénichou

Very recently, a fundamental observable has been introduced and analyzed to quantify the exploration of random walks: the time $\tau_k$ required for a random walk to find a site that it never visited previously, when the walk has already visited $k$ distinct sites. Here, we tackle the natural issue of the statistics of $M_n$, the longest duration out of $\ta

Junlei Zhou, Jiashi Gao, Ziwei Wang, Xuetao Wei

Web-based AI image generation has become an innovative art form that can generate novel artworks with the rapid development of the diffusion model. However, this new technique brings potential copyright infringement risks as it may incorporate the existing artworks without the owners' consent. Copyright infringement quantification is the primary and challeng

Fernando Haas, Horst Fichtner, Klaus Scherer

The pseudopotential method is used to derive electron hole structures in a suprathermal plasma having a regularized $\kappa$ probability distribution function background. The regularized character allows the exploration of small $\kappa$ values beyond the standard suprathermal case, for which $\kappa > 3/2$ is a necessary condition. We have found the nonline

Dongmin Gang, Heeyeon Kim, Spencer Stubbs

We find an intriguing relation between a class of 3-dimensional non-unitary topological field theories (TFTs) and Virasoro minimal models $M(2,2r+3)$ with $r \geq 1$. The TFTs are constructed by topologically twisting $3d$ ${\mathcal N}=4$ superconformal field theories (SCFTs) of rank-0, i.e. having zero-dimensional Coulomb and Higgs branches. We present ult

Martin Uray, Barbara Giunti, Michael Kerber, Stefan Huber

Topological Data Analysis (TDA) is a discipline that applies algebraic topology techniques to analyze complex, multi-dimensional data. Although it is a relatively new field, TDA has been widely and successfully applied across various domains, such as medicine, materials science, and biology. This survey provides an overview of the state of the art of TDA wit

Axel Prüser, Sebastian Rosmej, Andreas Engel

Randomly coupled phase oscillators may synchronize into disordered patterns of collective motion. We analyze this transition in a large, fully connected Kuramoto model with symmetric but otherwise independent random interactions. Using the dynamical cavity method we reduce the dynamics to a stochastic single-oscillator problem with self-consistent correlatio

Ailing Xiao, Ning Chen, Sheng Wu, Peiying Zhang

By decoupling substrate resources, network virtualization (NV) is a promising solution for meeting diverse demands and ensuring differentiated quality of service (QoS). In particular, virtual network embedding (VNE) is a critical enabling technology that enhances the flexibility and scalability of network deployment by addressing the coupling of Internet pro

Nienke van der Marel, Paola Pinilla

Planet formation models rely on knowledge of the physical conditions and evolutionary processes in protoplanetary disks, in particular the grain size distribution and dust growth timescales. In theoretical models, several barriers exist that prevent grain growth to pebble sizes and beyond, such as the radial drift and fragmentation. Pressure bumps have been

L. D. Anderson, B. Liu, Dana S. Balser, T. M. Bania

The ideal spectral averaging method depends on one's science goals and the available information about one's data. Including low-quality data in the average can decrease the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which may necessitate an optimization method or a consideration of different weighting schemes. Here, we explore a variety of spectral averaging methods. We

Ryan Cotsakis, Elena Di Bernardino, Thomas Opitz

Extreme events arising in georeferenced processes can take various forms, such as occurring in isolated patches or stretching contiguously over large areas, and can further vary with the spatial location and the extremeness of the events. We use excursion sets above threshold exceedances in data observed over a two-dimensional grid of rectangular pixels to p

Vojtěch Chlan, Anna A. Shmyreva, Helena Štěpánková

Electronic structure of ferromagnetic half-metal CrO$_2$ was studied by means of 53Cr nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). The measured NMR spectrum consists of three distinct spectral lines and is interpreted as a triplet arising due to electric quadrupole interaction. The observed NMR parameters agree well with

Hugo Rodrigues de Brito, Valéria Monteiro de Souza, João Paulo Abreu Vieira, Maria Emília de Lima Tostes

This work investigates the impact of feeder bidirectional active power flow on the operation of two cascaded step voltage regulators (SVRs) located at a 34.5 kV rural distribution feeder. It shows that, when active power flow reversal is possible both by network reconfiguration and by high penetration levels of distributed generation (DG), typical SVR contro

Ruby Pearce-Casey, Hugh Dickinson, Stephen Serjeant, Jane Bromley

We present a proof of concept for mining JWST imaging data for anomalous galaxy populations using a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN). We train our model to predict long wavelength NIRcam fluxes (LW: F277W, F356W, F444W between 2.4 to 5.0\mu m) from short wavelength fluxes (SW: F115W, F150W, F200W between 0.6 to 2.3\mu m) in approximately 200