December 2023 arXiv papers — page 116

Dimitrios Ntalampekos, Kai Rajala

Koebe's conjecture asserts that every domain in the Riemann sphere is conformally equivalent to a circle domain. We prove that every domain $\Omega$ satisfying Koebe's conjecture admits an exhaustion, i.e., a sequence of interior approximations by finitely connected domains, so that the associated conformal maps onto finitely connected circle domains converg

Avraham Kenigsberg, Heli Peleg-Levy, Haim Sazan, Silvia Piperno

Acoustic-directed assembly is a modular and flexible bottom-up technique with the potential to pattern a wide range of materials. Standing acoustic waves have been previously employed for patterning preformed metal particles, however, direct patterning of metallic structures from precursors remains unexplored. Here, we investigate utilization of standing wav

Claire Savard, Nicholas Manganelli, Burt Holzman, Lindsey Gray

With machine learning applications now spanning a variety of computational tasks, multi-user shared computing facilities are devoting a rapidly increasing proportion of their resources to such algorithms. Graph neural networks (GNNs), for example, have provided astounding improvements in extracting complex signatures from data and are now widely used in a va

Naman Agarwal, Daniel Suo, Xinyi Chen, Elad Hazan

This paper studies sequence modeling for prediction tasks with long range dependencies. We propose a new formulation for state space models (SSMs) based on learning linear dynamical systems with the spectral filtering algorithm (Hazan et al. (2017)). This gives rise to a novel sequence prediction architecture we call a spectral state space model. Spectral st

Michael Stessin

It is well-known that characters classify linear representations of finite groups, that is if characters of two representations of a finite group are the same, these representations are equivalent. It is also well-known that, in general, this is not true for representations of infinite groups, even if they are finitely generated. The goal of this paper is to

V. Kumar, F. Pizzi, G. Mamatsashvili, A. Giesecke

We reveal and analyze an efficient magnetic dynamo action due to precession-driven hydrodynamic turbulence in the local model of a precessional flow, focusing on the kinematic stage of this dynamo. The growth rate of magnetic field monotonically increases with Poincar\'{e} number, $\rm Po$, characterizing precession strength, and magnetic Prandtl number, $\r

W. R. M. Rocha, E. F. van Dishoeck, M. E. Ressler, M. L. van Gelder

Complex organic molecules (COMs) detected in the gas phase are thought to be mostly formed on icy grains, but no unambiguous detection of icy COMs larger than CH3OH has been reported so far. Exploring this matter in more detail has become possible with the JWST the critical 5-10 $\mu$m range. In the JOYS+ program, more than 30 protostars are being observed w

Joel Shor, Hiro-o Yamano, Daisuke Tsurumaru, Yotami Intrator

$\textbf{Background and aims}$: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Computer-Aided Detection (CADe) is commonly used for polyp detection, but data seen in clinical settings can differ from model training. Few studies evaluate how well CADe detectors perform on colonoscopies from countries not seen during training, and none are able to evaluate performance without c

Franco Severo

In this note, we give a new and short proof for a theorem of Bodineau stating that the slab percolation threshold $\hat{p}_c$ for the FK-Ising model coincides with the standard percolation critical point $p_c$ in all dimensions $d\geq3$. Both proofs rely on the positivity of the surface tension for $p>p_c$ proved by Lebowitz & Pfister. The key difference is

Chenxing Liang, Narayana R Aluru

Nanofluidics is pivotal in fundamental research and diverse applications, from water desalination to energy harvesting and biological analysis. Dynamically manipulating nanofluidic properties, such as diffusion and friction, presents an avenue for advancement in this field. Twisted bilayer graphene, particularly at the magic angle, has garnered attention for

Aditya Murali, Deepak Alapatt, Pietro Mascagni, Armine Vardazaryan

Recently, spatiotemporal graphs have emerged as a concise and elegant manner of representing video clips in an object-centric fashion, and have shown to be useful for downstream tasks such as action recognition. In this work, we investigate the use of latent spatiotemporal graphs to represent a surgical video in terms of the constituent anatomical structures

Robert I. Cukier

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are one class of generative probabilistic latent-variable models designed for inference based on known data. They balance reconstruction and regularizer terms. A variational approximation produces an evidence lower bound (ELBO). Multiplying the regularizer term by beta provides a beta-VAE/ELBO, improving disentanglement of the

Pedro Granja, João Pereira

Ray tracing has long been the holy grail of real time rendering. This technique, commonly used for photo realism, simulates the physical behavior of light, at the cost of being computationally heavy. With the introduction of Nvidia RTX graphic card family, which provides hardware support for ray tracing, this technique started to look like a reality for real

Son The Nguyen, Theja Tulabandhula, Mary Beth Watson-Manheim

While there is significant interest in using generative AI tools as general-purpose models for specific ML applications, discriminative models are much more widely deployed currently. One of the key shortcomings of these discriminative AI tools that have been already deployed is that they are not adaptable and user-friendly compared to generative AI tools (e

Sahand Shaghaghi, Pourya Aliasghari, Bryan Tripp, Kerstin Dautenhahn

This abstract explores classroom Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios with an emphasis on the adaptation of human-inspired social gaze models in robot cognitive architecture to facilitate a more seamless social interaction. First, we detail the HRI scenarios explored by us in our studies followed by a description of the social gaze model utilized for our

Ramon Diaz-Uriarte, Iain G. Johnston

Cancer progression and monotonic accumulation models were developed to discover dependencies in the irreversible acquisition of binary traits from cross-sectional data. They have been used in computational oncology and virology but also in widely different problems such as malaria progression. These methods have been applied to predict future states of the s

Robert Jarolim, Benoit Tremblay, Matthias Rempel, Momchil Molnar

Non-linear force-free extrapolations are a common approach to estimate the 3D topology of coronal magnetic fields based on photospheric vector magnetograms. The force-free assumption is a valid approximation at coronal heights, but for the dense plasma conditions in the lower atmosphere, this assumption is not satisfied. In this study, we utilize multi-heigh

Eberhard Bänsch, Martin Doß, Carsten Gräser, Nadja Ray

In this paper, we address the well-posedness of an evaporation model for a spherical liquid droplet taking into account the convective impact of an air flow in the ambient gas phase. From a mathematical perspective, we are dealing with a coupled ODE-PDE system for the droplet radius, the temperature distribution, and the vapor concentration. The nonlinear co

Maarten Markering

We study the cover time of random walk on dynamical percolation on the torus $\mathbb{Z}_n^d$ in the subcritical regime. In this model, introduced by Peres, Stauffer and Steif, each edge updates at rate $\mu$ to open with probability $p$ and closed with probability $1-p$. The random walk jumps along each open edge with rate $1/(2d)$. We prove matching (up to

Christian P. Fries, Lennart Quante

Climate mitigation decisions today affect future generations, raising questions of intergenerational equity. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) rely on discounting to evaluate long-term policy costs and benefits. Using the DICE model, we quantify how optimal pathways distribute abatement and damage costs across cohorts. Unconstrained optimization creates in

Sara Abdali, Anjali Parikh, Steve Lim, Emre Kiciman

Microsoft Windows Feedback Hub is designed to receive customer feedback on a wide variety of subjects including critical topics such as power and battery. Feedback is one of the most effective ways to have a grasp of users' experience with Windows and its ecosystem. However, the sheer volume of feedback received by Feedback Hub makes it immensely challenging

J. E. Abrão, A. R. Rodrigues, H. F. Ding, S. Bedanta

In this work, the spin pumping technique was employed to investigate the anomalous inverse spin Hall effect in BIG/NiO/Fe samples where BIG[(Bi,Tm)3(Fe,Ga)5O12] exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Our results reveal an intriguing phenomenon: when the magnetizations of both ferromagnetic layers align perpendicularly, a distinct spin-to-charge current

Markus Upmeier

We show that orientations and Floer gradings for elliptic differential operators can be propagated through bordisms. This is based on a new perspective on APS indices for elliptic boundary value problems over the real numbers. Several applications to moduli spaces of this new bordism-theoretic point of view will be given in the sequel.

A. Fraser Gillan, Alan Fitzsimmons, Larry Denneau, Robert J. Siverd

Jupiter-family Comets (JFCs) exhibit a wide range of activity levels and mass-loss over their orbits. We analyzed high-cadence observations of 42 active JFCs with the wide-field Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) survey in 2020-2021. We measured dust production rates of the JFCs using the Af\rho parameter and its variation as a function of

S. I. Bondarenko, A. V. Krevsun, V. P. Koverya

The electrical characteristics of a point section of niobium oxide between a massive cathode made of a superconducting indium-tin alloy and a niobium film before the oxide breakdown and the nanocontact that appears after the breakdown of the oxide at room temperature have been studied. The dependences of the point breakdown voltage of the oxide and the resis

Leonardo F. Calderón, Humberto Triviño, Leonardo A. Pachón

Polaritonic chemistry has ushered in new avenues for controlling molecular dynamics. However, two key questions remain: (i) Can classical light sources elicit the same effects as certain quantum light sources on molecular systems? (ii) Can semiclassical treatments of light-matter interaction capture nontrivial quantum effects observed in molecular dynamics?

Albert S. Berahas, Raghu Bollapragada, Shagun Gupta

In decentralized optimization over networks, each node in the network has a portion of the global objective function and the aim is to collectively optimize this function. Gradient tracking methods have emerged as a popular alternative for solving such problems due to their strong theoretical guarantees and robust empirical performance. These methods perform

Roland Speicher

We point out that bi-free product constructions respect reflection positivity.

Jeremy Hoskins, Manas Rachh, Bowei Wu

This paper describes a trapezoidal quadrature method for the discretization of weakly singular, singular and hypersingular boundary integral operators with complex symmetric quadratic forms. Such integral operators naturally arise when complex coordinate methods or complexified contour methods are used for the solution of time-harmonic acoustic and electroma

Beatrice Acciaio, Hansjörg Albrecher, Brandon García Flores

We use the randomization idea and proof techniques from optimal transport to study optimal reinsurance problems. We start by providing conditions for a class of problems that allow us to characterize the support of optimal treaties, and show how this can be used to deduce the shape of the optimal contract, reducing the task to an optimization problem with fi

Xiao Li, Yutong Li, Anouck Girard, Ilya Kolmanovsky

The Neural Network (NN), as a black-box function approximator, has been considered in many control and robotics applications. However, difficulties in verifying the overall system safety in the presence of uncertainties hinder the deployment of NN modules in safety-critical systems. In this paper, we leverage the NNs as predictive models for trajectory track

A. Tesi, S. Leardini, L. Moleri, M. Morales

The first operation of a cryogenic Resistive Plate WELL (RPWELL) detector in the saturated vapor of liquid argon is reported. The RPWELL detector was composed of a Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) electrode coupled to a metallic anode via Fe$_2$O$_3$/YSZ ceramics (Fe$_2$O$_3$ in weight equal to 75$\%$), with tunable bulk resistivity in the range 10$^{9}

Ioannis Zarkadas, Tal Zussman, Jeremy Carin, Sheng Jiang

Storage disaggregation, wherein storage is accessed over the network, is popular because it allows applications to independently scale storage capacity and bandwidth based on dynamic application demand. However, the added network processing introduced by disaggregation can consume significant CPU resources. In many storage systems, logical storage operations

K. V. Lezhnin, Kenan Qu, N. J. Fisch, S. V. Bulanov

Self-focusing instability is a well-known phenomenon of nonlinear optics, which is of great importance in the field of laser-plasma interactions. Self-focusing instability leads to beam focusing and, consequently, breakup into multiple laser filaments. The majority of applications tend to avoid the laser filamentation regime due to its detrimental role on la

Subhash Kak

We investigate the large-scale geometry of the DNA-protein complex of chromatin using a generalized optimality principle, which requires that not only should all sub-parts of a natural process be optimal but also the unfolding of higher recursive levels. It was shown previously that an information-theoretic geometry of the genetic code data, together with th

Michael Bottom, Samuel A. U. Walker, Ian Cunnyngham, Charlotte Guthery

Coronagraphs are highly sensitive to wavefront errors, with performance degrading rapidly in the presence of low-order aberrations. Correcting these aberrations at the coronagraphic focal plane is key to optimal performance. We present two new methods based on the sequential phase diversity approach of the "Fast and Furious" algorithm that can correct low-or

Emanuele Galiffi, Giulia Carini, Xiang Ni, Gonzalo Álvarez Pérez

Polaritons are a hybrid class of quasiparticles originating from the strong and resonant coupling between light and matter excitations. Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in novel polariton types, arising from directional, long-lived material resonances, and leading to extreme optical anisotropy that enables novel regimes of nanoscale, highly co

Minami Nakane, Masami Ouchi, Kimihiko Nakajima, Yuichi Harikane

We present the evolution of Ly$\alpha$ emission derived from 53 galaxies at $z=6.6-13.2$ that are identified by multiple JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy programs of ERS, GO, DDT, and GTO. These galaxies fall on the star-formation main sequence and are the typical star-forming galaxies with UV magnitudes of $-22.5\leq M_\mathrm{UV}\leq-17.0$. We find that 15 out of

Christine Sowa Lepird, Kathleen M. Carley

Inauthentic local news organizations, otherwise known as pink slime, have become a serious problem exploiting the trust of local news since their creation ahead of the 2020 U.S. Presidential election. In this paper, we apply the BEND framework, a methodology of classifying social media posts as belonging to sixteen network and narrative maneuvers, to compare

Roberto Emparan, Javier M. Magan

A longstanding enigma within AdS/CFT concerns the entanglement entropy of holographic quantum fields in Rindler space. The vacuum of a quantum field in Minkowski spacetime can be viewed as an entangled thermofield double of two Rindler wedges at a temperature $T=1/2\pi$. We can gradually disentangle the state by lowering this temperature, and the entanglemen

Cheng Tang, Diogo Barradas, Urs Hengartner, Yue Hu

This study examines privacy risks in collaborative robotics, focusing on the potential for traffic analysis in encrypted robot communications. While previous research has explored low-level command recovery in teleoperation setups, our work investigates high-level motion recovery from script-based control interfaces. We evaluate the efficacy of prominent web

Lyes Saad Saoud, Zhenwei Niu, Atif Sultan, Lakmal Seneviratne

This research presents ADOD, a novel approach to address domain generalization in underwater object detection. Our method enhances the model's ability to generalize across diverse and unseen domains, ensuring robustness in various underwater environments. The first key contribution is Residual Attention YOLOv3, a novel variant of the YOLOv3 framework empower

Yifan Mao, Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan

The emergence of blockchain technology has fostered the development of numerous decentralized applications (dapps) in recent years Pub/sub (publish/subscribe) systems play a crucial role by associating messages with specific topics and propagating them from publishers to subscribers across the network. Decentralized pub/sub aims to provide this functionality

Shaobo Xia, Jun Yue, Kacper Kania, Leyuan Fang

We propose a weakly supervised semantic segmentation method for point clouds that predicts "per-point" labels from just "whole-scene" annotations. The key challenge here is the discrepancy between the target of dense per-point semantic prediction and training losses derived from only scene-level labels. To address this, in addition to the typical weakly-supe

Trung-Hieu Hoang, Mona Zehni, Huy Phan, Duc Minh Vo

Despite the promising performance of current 3D human pose estimation techniques, understanding and enhancing their generalization on challenging in-the-wild videos remain an open problem. In this work, we focus on the robustness of 2D-to-3D pose lifters. To this end, we develop two benchmark datasets, namely Human3.6M-C and HumanEva-I-C, to examine the robu

HELIX Collaboration, S. Coutu, P. S. Allison, M. Baiocchi

HELIX is a new NASA-sponsored instrument aimed at measuring the spectra and composition of light cosmic-ray isotopes from hydrogen to neon nuclei, in particular the clock isotopes 10Be (radioactive, with 1.4 Myr lifetime) and 9Be (stable). The latter are unique markers of the production and Galactic propagation of secondary cosmic-ray nuclei, and are needed

MohammadReza Davari, Eugene Belilovsky

The rapid development of AI systems has been greatly influenced by the emergence of foundation models. A common approach for targeted problems involves fine-tuning these pre-trained foundation models for specific target tasks, resulting in a rapid spread of models fine-tuned across a diverse array of tasks. This work focuses on the problem of merging multipl

Renata Kallosh

Investigation of on-shell superinvariants is the standard way to identify the candidate UV divergences in supergravity. Geometric on-shell superinvariants in 4d supergravity at $N\geq 4$ are available starting at the critical loop order. However, more than 10 years ago, it was conjectured that the UV divergences in supergravity might appear earlier, for $L=N

Edward T. A. Mitchard, Harry Carstairs, Riccardo Cosenza, Sassan S. Saatchi

Independent retrospective analyses of the effectiveness of reducing deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) projects are vital to ensure climate change benefits are being delivered. A recent study in Science by West et al. (1) appeared therefore to be a timely alert that the majority of projects operating in the 2010s failed to reduce deforestation rates

Jose Rafael Borges Zampiva, Guillermo Penafort-Sanchis, Bruna Orefice-Okamoto, Joao Nivaldo Tomazella

A reflection mapping is a singular holomorphic mapping obtained by restricting the quotient mapping of a complex reflection group. We study the analytic structure of double point spaces of reflection mappings. In the case where the image is a hypersurface, we obtain explicit equations for the double point space and for the image as well. In the case of surfa

Morgan Jones

This paper introduces a novel approach for learning polynomial representations of physical objects. Given a point cloud data set associated with a physical object, we solve a one-class classification problem to bound the data points by a polynomial sublevel set while harnessing Sum-of-Squares (SOS) programming to enforce prior shape knowledge constraints. By

Victor Araujo, Angelo Brandelli Costa, Soraia Raupp Musse

With the rapid advancement of technology, the design of virtual humans has led to a very realistic user experience, such as in movies, video games, and simulations. As a result, virtual humans are becoming increasingly similar to real humans. However, following the Uncanny Valley (UV) theory, users tend to feel discomfort when watching entities with anthropo

Hanjing Shi

The critique paper provides an in-depth analysis of two influential studies in the field of Human-Autonomous Teams (HATs). Musick et al. explored qualitative dimensions of HAT dynamics, examining the influence of team composition on emotions, cognitive processes, and the development of team cognition. Their research revealed that teams with a majority of hum

Lízia Maria Gonçalves Branco, Rui Manuel Agostinho Dilão

This work proposes a two-dimensional electrophysiological model for describing neuronal responses to external electric stimuli under patch-clamped conditions. Our proposed model successfully captures the key features of the Hodgkin-Huxley model, while offering improved informativeness and numerical efficiency. By analysing bifurcation diagrams from various r

Varshitha Chennamsetti, Gregor von Laszewski, Ruochen Gu, Laiba Mehnaz

In this paper, we report on work performed for the MLCommons Science Working Group on the cloud masking benchmark. MLCommons is a consortium that develops and maintains several scientific benchmarks that aim to benefit developments in AI. The benchmarks are conducted on the High Performance Computing (HPC) Clusters of New York University and University of Vi

Samriddhi Sankar Maity, Ranadeep Sarkar, Piyali Chatterjee, Nandita Srivastava

Solar flares are known to leave imprints on the magnetic field at the photosphere, often manifested as an abrupt and permanent change in the downward-directed Lorentz force in localized areas inside the active region. Our study aims to differentiate eruptive and confined solar flares based on the vertical Lorentz force variations. We select 26 eruptive and 1

Ronghao Ni, Zinan Lin, Shuaiqi Wang, Giulia Fanti

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) aims to predict future values of a time series given the past values. The current state-of-the-art (SOTA) on this problem is attained in some cases by linear-centric models, which primarily feature a linear mapping layer. However, due to their inherent simplicity, they are not able to adapt their prediction rules to p

Hans Rabus

In their recent article, Derrien et al. (Derrien et al., 2023) study the anisotropy of microdosimetric quantities for spherical sites of several sizes placed around spherical gold nanoparticles of several diameters irradiated by monoenergetic photons. This comment points out that (1) the reported single event distributions of specific energy may be biased du

Martin Bladt, Andreea Minca, Oscar Peralta

Inspired by a duration-dependent life insurance model, we consider continuous-time semi-Markov jump processes, initially assumed to have a finite state-space. We develop approximations using jump processes that are time-homogeneous Markov, conditioned on a high-intensity Poissonian grid (grid-conditional). Our results are based on a recent adaptation of the

Soumodeep Mitra, Sumanta Chakraborty, Rodrigo Vicente, Justin C. Feng

Quantum black holes (BHs), thought of as an excited multilevel system, can be effectively modelled by replacing an event horizon with a partially reflective membrane. This emergent feature affects their interaction with hosting environments, with the most pronounced effects happening for particles with mass~$m_{\rm p}\lesssim (10 M_{\odot}/M)\,10^{-11}\mathr

Earl P. Bellinger, Matt E. Caplan, Taeho Ryu, Deepika Bollimpalli

Hawking (1971) proposed that the Sun may harbor a primordial black hole whose accretion supplies some of the solar luminosity. Such an object would have formed within the first 1 s after the Big Bang with the mass of a moon or an asteroid. These light black holes are a candidate solution to the dark matter problem, and could grow to become stellar-mass black

Colin Cooper, Alan Frieze

We study the existence of a directed Hamilton cycle in random digraphs with $m$ edges where we condition on minimum in- and out-degree at least one. Denote such a random graph by $D_{n,m}^{(\delta\geq1)}$. We prove that if $m=\tfrac n2(\log n+2\log\log n+c_n)$ then \[ \lim_{n\to\infty}\Pr(D_{n,m}^{(\delta\geq1)}\text{ is Hamiltonian})=\begin{cases}0&c_n\to-\

Damianos Iosifidis, Tomi S. Koivisto

We explore a new action formulation of hyperfluids, fluids with intrinsic hypermomentum. Brown's Lagrangian for a relativistic perfect fluid is generalised by incorporating the degrees of freedom encoded in the hypermomentum tensor, namely by including connection-matter couplings. Quite interestingly, generic hyperfluids are imperfect, since hypermomentum in

Songyang Pu, Ajit C. Balram, Yuwen Hu, Yen-Chen Tsui

Composite fermion (CF) is a topological quasiparticle that emerges from a non-perturbative attachment of vortices to electrons in strongly correlated two-dimensional materials. Similar to non-interacting fermions that form Landau levels in a magnetic field, CFs can fill analogous ``Lambda'' levels, giving rise to the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect of e

Álvaro Gómez-León

Floquet topological phases emerge when systems are periodically driven out-of-equilibrium. They gained attention due to their external control, which allows to simulate a wide variety of static systems by just tuning the external field in the high frequency regime. However, it was soon clear that their relevance goes beyond that, as for lower frequencies, an

Nayan Das, Debasish Borah

We propose a gauged $U(1)_{B-L}$ version of the light Dirac neutrino portal dark matter. The $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry provides a UV completion by naturally accommodating three right handed neutrinos from anomaly cancellation requirements which, in combination with the left handed neutrinos, form the sub-eV Dirac neutrinos after electroweak symmetry breaking. Th

Corey W. Bradshaw, Matti Dorsch, Thomas Kupfer, Brad N. Barlow

Blue large-amplitude pulsators (BLAPs) make up a rare class of hot pulsating stars with effective temperatures of $\approx$30,000 K and surface gravities of 4.0 - 5.0 dex (cgs). The evolutionary origin and current status of BLAPs is not well understood, largely based on a lack of spectroscopic observations and no available mass constraints. However, several

Chi-Ho Chan, Tsvi Piran, Julian H. Krolik

Previously we demonstrated that the magnetorotational instability (MRI) grows vigorously in eccentric disks, much as it does in circular disks, and we investigated the nonlinear development of the eccentric MRI without vertical gravity. Here we explore how vertical gravity influences the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence stirred by the eccentric MRI. Simi

Alv Johan Skarpeid, Henning G. Hugdal, Tancredi Salamone, Morten Amundsen

We show that tailoring the geometric curvature profile of magnets can be used for bespoke design of an effective non-relativistic spin-orbit coupling, which may be used to control proximity effects if the magnet is coupled to a superconductor. We consider proximity-coupled one-dimensional magnetic wires with variable curvatures, specifically three distinct s

Nico Böttcher, Niklas Schwanemann, Stefan Weinzierl

The Moller experiment and the P2 experiment aim at measuring the weak mixing angle at low scales. The Moller experiment uses $e^- e^- \rightarrow e^- e^-$-scattering, the P2 experiment uses $e^- N \rightarrow e^- N$-scattering. In both cases, two-loop electroweak corrections have to be taken into account, and here in particular diagrams which give rise to la

Gary Shiu, Flavio Tonioni, Hung V. Tran

In this note, we prove analytic bounds on the equation of state of a cosmological fluid composed of an arbitrary number of canonical scalars evolving in a negative multi-exponential potential. Because of the negative energy, the universe is contracting and eventually undergoes a big crunch. A contracting universe is a fundamental feature of models of ekpyros

Hengxiao Guo, Jingbo Sun, Shuang-Liang Li, Yan-Fei Jiang

When a star passes through the tidal disruption radius of a massive black hole (BH), it can be torn apart by the tidal force of the BH, known as the Tidal Disruption Event (TDE). Since the observed UV/optical luminosity significantly exceeds the predictions of the compact disk model in classical TDE theory, two competing models, stream collision and envelope

Arjun Bagchi, Cynthia Keeler, Victoria Martin, Rahul Poddar

Flat space cosmologies (FSCs) are time dependent solutions of three-dimensional (3D) gravity with a vanishing cosmological constant. They can be constructed from a discrete quotient of empty 3D flat spacetime and are also called shifted-boost orbifolds. Using this quotient structure, we build a new and generalized Selberg zeta function for FSCs, and show tha

Lewis R. Prole, John A. Regan, Simon C. O. Glover, Ralf S. Klessen

Halos with masses in excess of the atomic limit are believed to be ideal environments in which to form heavy black hole seeds with masses above 10^3 Msun. In cases where the H_2 fraction is suppressed this is expected to lead to reduced fragmentation of the gas and the generation of a top heavy initial mass function. In extreme cases this can result in the f

Anish Ghoshal, Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez, Jessica Turner

We investigate how superradiance affects the generation of baryon asymmetry in a universe with rotating primordial black holes, considering a scenario where a scalar boson is coupled to the heavy right-handed neutrinos. We identify the regions of the parameter space where the scalar production is enhanced due to superradiance. This enhancement, coupled with

Francisco Duque, Caio F. B. Macedo, Rodrigo Vicente, Vitor Cardoso

Previous works have argued that future gravitational-wave detectors will be able to probe the properties of astrophysical environments where binary coalesce, including accretion disks, but also dark matter structures. Most analyses have resorted to a Newtonian modelling of the environmental effects, which are not suited to study extreme-mass-ratio inspirals

Martin Beneke, Patrick Hager, Andrea F. Sanfilippo

The calculation of loop corrections to the correlation functions of quantum fields during inflation or in the de~Sitter background presents greater challenges than in flat space due to the more complicated form of the mode functions. While in flat space highly sophisticated approaches to Feynman integrals exist, similar tools still remain to be developed for

Jani Kastikainen, Andrew Svesko

We provide a consistent first principles prescription to compute gravitational R\'enyi entropy using Hayward corner terms. For Euclidean solutions to Einstein gravity, we compute R\'enyi entropy of Hartle--Hawking and fixed--area states by cutting open a manifold containing a conical singularity into a wedge with a corner. The entropy functional for fixed--a

Jannik Ströhle, Richard Lopp

One-dimensional quantum optical models usually rest on the intuition of large scale separation or frozen dynamics associated with the different spatial dimensions, for example when studying quasi one-dimensional atomic dynamics, potentially resulting in the violation of $3+1D$ Maxwell's theory. Here, we provide a rigorous foundation for this approximation by

Frederick B. Davies, Joseph F. Hennawi

The small-scale structure of baryons in the intergalactic medium is intimately linked to their past thermal history. Prior to the $\gtrsim10^4$ K photoheating during the epoch of reionization, cold baryons may have closely traced the clumpy cosmic web of dark matter down to scales as low as $\lesssim1$ comoving kpc, depending on the degree of heating by the

Osase Omoruyi, Grant R. Tremblay, Francoise Combes, Timothy A. Davis

With two central galaxies engaged in a major merger and a remarkable chain of 19 young stellar superclusters wound around them in projection, the galaxy cluster SDSS J1531+3414 ($z=0.335$) offers an excellent laboratory to study the interplay between mergers, AGN feedback, and star formation. New Chandra X-ray imaging reveals rapidly cooling hot ($T\sim 10^6

Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Ian Padilla-Gay, Georg G. Raffelt

In dense astrophysical environments, notably core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers, neutrino-neutrino forward scattering can spawn flavor conversion on very short scales. Scattering with the background medium can impact collective flavor conversion in various ways, either damping oscillations or possibly setting off novel collisional flavor insta

Fedor Kolganov, Igor Chilingarian, Kirill Grishin

Numerous sky background subtraction techniques have been developed since the first implementations of computer-based reduction of spectra. Kurtz & Mink (2000) described a singular value decomposition-based method which allowed them to subtract night sky background from multi-fiber spectroscopic observations without any additional sky observations. We hereby

Veronica Pasquarella

Based on recent advancements in algebraic geometry, algebraic topology, and higher-categorical structures, we show how ground state degeneracies in closed stratified manifolds can be used for describing class ${\cal S}$ theories whose AGT dual requires generalised Moore-Segal bordism operators lacking reparametrisation-invariance.

Francesco Serra, Leonardo G. Trombetta

We investigate how the speed of propagation of physical excitations is encoded in the coefficients of five-point interactions. This leads to a superluminality bound on scalar five-point interactions, which we present here for the first time. To substantiate our result, we also consider the case of four-point interactions for which bounds from S-matrix sum ru

Carlos Blanco, Rebecca K. Leane

We present a new search for dark matter using planetary atmospheres. We point out that annihilating dark matter in planets can produce ionizing radiation, which can lead to excess production of ionospheric $H_3^+$. We apply this search strategy to the night side of Jupiter near the equator. The night side has zero solar irradiation, and low latitudes are suf

Vincent S. H. Lee, Kathryn M. Zurek, Yanbei Chen

Quantum fluctuations in spacetime can, in some cases, lead to distortion in astronomical images of faraway objects. In particular, a stochastic model of quantum gravity predicts an accumulated fluctuation in the path length $\Delta L$ with variance $\langle \Delta L^2\rangle\sim l_pL$ over a distance $L$, similar to a random walk, and assuming no spatial cor

Gabriela Sato-Polito, Matias Zaldarriaga, Eliot Quataert

Multiple pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have recently reported the first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) of nanohertz frequencies. The signal is expected to be primarily sourced by inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) and these first results are broadly consistent with the expected GW spectrum from such a population. Curiou

Asiyeh Yaghoobi, Joakim Rosdahl, Francesco Calura, Sareh Ataiee

We simulate the formation of second-generation stars in young clusters with masses of $10^{5}$ and $10^6\ {\rm M_\odot}$ within $30-100\ {\rm Myr}$ after the formation of clusters. We assume the clusters move through a uniform interstellar medium with gas densities of $10^{-24}$ and $10^{-23}\ {\rm gcm}^{-3} $ and consider the stellar winds from asymptotic g

Ergin Sezgin

A large class of supergravities in diverse dimensions are surveyed. This includes maximal supergravities, their general gaugings in the framework of embedding tensor formalism, supergravities with less than maximal supersymmetry, their matter couplings and general gaugings. The emphasis is on summarizing their most general form to date, and primarily in thei

Pyry Kuusela, Joseph McGovern

We study the problem of computing Gopakumar-Vafa invariants for multiparameter families of symmetric Calabi-Yau threefolds admitting flops to diffeomorphic manifolds. There are infinite Coxeter groups, generated by permutations and flops, that act as symmetries on the GV-invariants of these manifolds. We describe how these groups are related to symmetries in

Hans Jockers, Sören Kotlewski, Pyry Kuusela

In this work, we study the local zeta functions of Calabi-Yau fourfolds. This is done by developing arithmetic deformation techniques to compute the factor of the zeta function that is attributed to the horizontal four-form cohomology. This, in turn, is sensitive to the complex structure of the fourfold. Focusing mainly on examples of fourfolds with a single

David Wierichs, Richard D. P. East, Martín Larocca, M. Cerezo

Symmetries are crucial for tailoring parametrized quantum circuits to applications, due to their capability to capture the essence of physical systems. In this work, we shift the focus away from incorporating symmetries in the circuit design and towards symmetry-aware training of variational quantum algorithms. For this, we introduce the concept of projected

Aavishkar A. Patel, Peter Lunts, Subir Sachdev

A recent theory described strange metal behavior in a model of a Fermi surface coupled a two-dimensional quantum critical bosonic field with a spatially random Yukawa coupling. With the assumption of self-averaging randomness, similar to that in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, numerous observed properties of a strange metal were obtained for wide range of inter

Aidan Chatwin-Davies, Pompey Leung, Grant N. Remmen

Holographic screens are codimension-one hypersurfaces that extend the notion of apparent horizons to general (non-black hole) spacetimes and that display interesting thermodynamic properties. We show that if a spacetime contains a codimension-two, boundary-homologous, minimal extremal spacelike surface $X$ (known as an HRT surface in AdS/CFT), then any holog

Prateek Agrawal, Simone Blasi, Alberto Mariotti, Michael Nee

We revisit the electroweak phase transition in the scalar singlet extension of the standard model with a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. In significant parts of the parameter space the phase transition occurs in two steps - including canonical benchmarks used in experimental projections for gravitational waves. Domain walls produced in the first step of the transit

Timothy Cohen, Xiaochuan Lu, Dave Sutherland

We derive an off-shell recursion relation for correlators that holds at all loop orders. This allows us to prove how generalized amplitudes transform under generic field redefinitions, starting from an assumed behavior of the one-particle-irreducible effective action. The form of the recursion relation resembles the operation of raising the rank of a tensor

Frederick B. Davies, Eduardo Bañados, Joseph F. Hennawi, Sarah E. I. Bosman

The red damping wing from neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium is a smoking-gun signal of ongoing reionization. One potential contaminant of the intergalactic damping wing signal is dense gas associated with foreground galaxies, which can give rise to proximate damped Ly$\alpha$ absorbers. The Ly$\alpha$ imprint of such absorbers on background quasar

Shi Yan, Lingfeng Li, JiJi Fan

The Jovian magnetic field, being the strongest and largest planetary one in the solar system, could offer us new insights into possible microscopic scale new physics, such as a non-zero mass of the Standard Model (SM) photon or a light dark photon kinetically mixing with the SM photon. We employ the immense data set from the latest Juno mission, which provid

Xueying Zheng, Gabriele Ponti, Michael Freyberg, Jeremy Sanders

By June of 2020, the extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma observatory had completed its first of the planned eight X-ray all-sky survey (eRASS1). The large effective area of the X-ray telescope makes it ideal for a survey of the faint X-ray diffuse emission over half of the sky with an unprec