December 2023 arXiv papers — page 93

Manuel Rebol, Alexander Steinmaurer, Florian Gamillscheg, Krzysztof Pietroszek

We design and evaluate a mixed reality real-time communication system for remote assistance during CPR emergencies. Our system allows an expert to guide a first responder, remotely, on how to give first aid. RGBD cameras capture a volumetric view of the local scene including the patient, the first responder, and the environment. The volumetric capture is aug

C. Macchiutti, J. R. Jesus, F. B. Carneiro, L. Bufaical

Here, we present a study of the influence of microstructure on the magnetic properties of polycrystalline samples of the La1.5Sr0.5CoMnO6 double perovskite, with primary attention to the spontaneous exchange bias effect, a fascinating recently discovered phenomena for which some materials exhibit unidirectional magnetic anisotropy after being cooled in zero

Anthony Chen, Huanrui Yang, Yulu Gan, Denis A Gudovskiy

Uncertainty estimation is crucial for machine learning models to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. However, the conventional discriminative deep learning classifiers produce uncalibrated closed-set predictions for OOD data. A more robust classifiers with the uncertainty estimation typically require a potentially unavailable OOD dataset for outlier exp

Zi-Xin Zou, Zhipeng Yu, Yuan-Chen Guo, Yangguang Li

Recent advancements in 3D reconstruction from single images have been driven by the evolution of generative models. Prominent among these are methods based on Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) and the adaptation of diffusion models in the 3D domain. Despite their progress, these techniques often face limitations due to slow optimization or rendering processe

David Aristoff, Jeremy Copperman, Nathan Mankovich, Alexander Davies

This article introduces an advanced Koopman mode decomposition (KMD) technique -- coined Featurized Koopman Mode Decomposition (FKMD) -- that uses delay embedding and a learned Mahalanobis distance to enhance analysis and prediction of high dimensional dynamical systems. The delay embedding expands the observation space to better capture underlying manifold

M. R. D. Rodrigues, A. Bonasera, M. Scisciò, J. A. Pérez-Hernández

Laser technologies improved after the understanding of the Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) which allows energetic laser beams to be compressed to tens of femtosecond (fs) pulse durations and focused to few $\mu$m. Protons of tens of MeV can be accelerated using for instance the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) method and focused on secondary target

Maya Basu, Austin Christian, Ethan Clayton, Daniel Irvine

This work applies the ideas of persistent homology to the problem of distinguishing Legendrian knots. We develop a persistent version of Legendrian contact homology by filtering the Chekanov-Eliashberg DGA using the action (height) functional. We present an algorithm for assigning heights to a Lagrangian diagram of a Legendrian knot, and we explain how each

Kevin Wilkinghoff, Keisuke Imoto

Anomalous sound detection (ASD) systems are usually compared by using threshold-independent performance measures such as AUC-ROC. However, for practical applications a decision threshold is needed to decide whether a given test sample is normal or anomalous. Estimating such a threshold is highly non-trivial in a semi-supervised setting where only normal trai

Omar Benslimane, Nazih Abderrazzak Gadhi

This note concerns the paper by Benslimane et Gadhi (JMAA. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2023.127117) where the authors established necessary optimality conditions for an optimization problem (P) governed by a double phase partial di{\S}erential equation (Pf): Having noticed inconsistencies between the investigated problem (Pf ) and the weak formulation of the equatio

Denis S. Goldobin, Lev A. Smirnov, Lyudmila S. Klimenko, and Grigory V. Osipov

We study deterministic dynamics of overactive Brownian particles in 2D and 3D potentials. This dynamics is Hamiltonian. Integrals of motion for continuous rotational symmetries are reported. The cases of 2D, axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric 3D potentials are characterized and compared to each other. The strong impact of the rotational symmetry integrals of

Felipe Reyes-Osorio, Branislav K. Nikolic

Understanding spin wave (SW) damping, and how to control it to the point of being able to amplify SW-mediated signals, is one of the key requirements to bring the envisaged magnonic technologies to fruition. Even widely used magnetic insulators with low magnetization damping in their bulk, such as yttrium iron garnet, exhibit 100-fold increase in SW damping

Junsu Kim, Sumin Hong, Chanwoo Kim, Jihyeon Kim

Class incremental learning aims to solve a problem that arises when continuously adding unseen class instances to an existing model This approach has been extensively studied in the context of image classification; however its applicability to object detection is not well established yet. Existing frameworks using replay methods mainly collect replay data wi

Liyuan Zhu, Shengyu Huang, Konrad Schindler, Iro Armeni

Research into dynamic 3D scene understanding has primarily focused on short-term change tracking from dense observations, while little attention has been paid to long-term changes with sparse observations. We address this gap with MoRE, a novel approach for multi-object relocalization and reconstruction in evolving environments. We view these environments as

Joscha Prochno, Marta Strzelecka

Classical works of Kac, Salem and Zygmund, and Erd\H{o}s and G\'{a}l have shown that lacunary trigonometric sums despite their dependency structure behave in various ways like sums of independent and identically distributed random variables. For instance, they satisfy a central limit theorem and a law of the iterated logarithm. Those results have only recent

Cindy Y. Chen, Zheng Sun, Riccardo Torsi, Ke Wang

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their atomically thin structure and unique electronic and optoelectronic properties. To harness their full potential for applications in next-generation electronics and photonics, precise control over the dielectric environment surrounding the 2D material is critical. T

Gyula O. H. Katona, Gyula Y. Katona

A $(k,\ell )$ partial partition of an $n$-element set is a collection of $\ell $ pairwise disjoint $k$-element subsets. It is proved that, if $n$ is large enough, one can find $\left\lfloor {n\choose k}/{\ell}\right\rfloor$ such partial partitions in such a way that if $A_1$ and $A_2$ are distinct classes in one of the partial partitions, $B_1$ and $B_2$ are

Sumner B. Harris, Christopher M. Rouleau, Kai Xiao, Rama K. Vasudevan

Materials synthesis platforms that are designed for autonomous experimentation are capable of collecting multimodal diagnostic data that can be utilized for feedback to optimize material properties. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is emerging as a viable autonomous synthesis tool, and so the need arises to develop machine learning (ML) techniques that are capa

Tran Quang Loc

This study investigates the compatibility of the electroweak sector of particle physics with quantum gravity, under the assumption that the conventional S-matrix positivity bounds can be extended to gravitational context. It focuses on constraints implied by these bounds to the weak couplings of the Weinberg-Salam model coupled to gravity, analyzed through f

Jun Liu, Yiming Meng, Maxwell Fitzsimmons, Ruikun Zhou

We provide a systematic investigation of using physics-informed neural networks to compute Lyapunov functions. We encode Lyapunov conditions as a partial differential equation (PDE) and use this for training neural network Lyapunov functions. We analyze the analytical properties of the solutions to the Lyapunov and Zubov PDEs. In particular, we show that emp

Rute Oliveira, Raabe Oliveira, Nadja K. Bernardes, Rafael Chaves

Steady technological advances and recent milestones such as intercontinental quantum communication and the first implementation of medium-scale quantum networks are paving the way for the establishment of the quantum internet, a network of nodes interconnected by quantum channels. Here we build upon recent models for quantum networks based on optical fibers

H. L. Crawford, K. Fossez, S. König, A. Spyrou

The field of nuclear science has considerably advanced since its beginning just over a century ago. Today, the science of rare isotopes is on the cusp of a new era with theoretical and computing advances complementing experimental capabilities at new facilities internationally. In this article we present a vision for the science of rare isotope beams (RIBs).

Ting Pan, Lulu Tang, Xinlong Wang, Shiguang Shan

We present a unified, promptable model capable of simultaneously segmenting, recognizing, and captioning anything. Unlike SAM, we aim to build a versatile region representation in the wild via visual prompting. To achieve this, we train a generalizable model with massive segmentation masks, \eg, SA-1B masks, and semantic priors from a pre-trained CLIP model

Luis Pedro Lara, Ricardo Weder, Luis Octavio Castaños-Cervantes

We consider a one-dimensional membrane-in-the-middle model for a cavity that consists of two fixed, perfect mirrors and a mobile dielectric membrane between them that has a constant electric susceptibility. We present a sequence of exact cavity angular frequencies that we call structural angular frequencies and that have the remarkable property that they are

Devriş İşler, Seoyeon Hwang, Yoshimichi Nakatsuka, Nikolaos Laoutaris

In this paper, we propose Puppy, the first formally defined framework for converting any symmetric watermarking into a publicly verifiable one. Puppy allows anyone to verify a watermark any number of times with the help of an untrusted third party, without requiring owner presence during detection. We formally define and prove security of Puppy using the ide

Mao Yoshii, Sota Kitamura, Takahiro Morimoto

We construct an efficient momentum space approach to the superconductivity in quasiperiodic multilayer systems. To this end, we extend the Brillouin zone (BZ) folding method to the superconducting (SC) phases by formulating the gap equation in the momentum space representation with the BZ folding. We show that the physical observables in quasiperiodic multil

Tariqul Islam, Faisal Haque Bappy, Tarannum Shaila Zaman, Md Sajidul Islam Sajid

The core of a blockchain network is its consensus algorithm. Starting with the Proof-of-Work, there have been various versions of consensus algorithms, such as Proof-of-Stake (PoS), Proof-of-Authority (PoA), and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT). Each of these algorithms focuses on different aspects to ensure efficient and reliable processing of tra

Jeffrey Bergfalk, Chris Lambie-Hanson, Jan Šaroch

One of the better-known independence results in general mathematics is Shelah's solution to Whitehead's problem of whether $\mathrm{Ext}^1(A,\mathbb{Z})=0$ implies that an abelian group $A$ is free. The point of departure for the present work is Clausen and Scholze's proof that, in contrast, one natural interpretation of Whitehead's problem within their rece

M. Cerezo, Martin Larocca, Diego García-Martín, N. L. Diaz

A large amount of effort has recently been put into understanding the barren plateau phenomenon. In this perspective article, we face the increasingly loud elephant in the room and ask a question that has been hinted at by many but not explicitly addressed: Can the structure that allows one to avoid barren plateaus also be leveraged to efficiently simulate t

Martin Riedmiller, Andrea Gesmundo, Tim Hertweck, Roland Hafner

Humans instinctively know how to neglect details when it comes to solve complex decision making problems in environments with unforeseeable variations. This abstraction process seems to be a vital property for most biological systems and helps to 'abstract away' unnecessary details and boost generalisation. In this work we introduce the dispatcher/ executor

Martin Bullinger, René Romen

Coalition formation is concerned with the question of how to partition a set of agents into disjoint coalitions according to their preferences. Deviating from most of the previous work, we consider an online variant of the problem, where agents arrive in sequence. Whenever an agent arrives, they must be assigned to a coalition immediately and irrevocably. Th

Ryan Zarick, Bryan Pellegrino, Isaac Zhang, Thomas Kim

In this paper, we present the first intrinsically secure and semantically universal omnichain interoperability protocol: LayerZero. Utilizing an immutable endpoint, append-only verification modules, and fully-configurable verification infrastructure, LayerZero provides the security, configurability, and extensibility necessary to achieve omnichain interopera

Da Liu, Lian-Tao Wang, Ke-Pan Xie

We investigate the reach for resonances of the composite Higgs models at a 10 TeV \mu^+\mu^- collider with up to 10 ab^{-1} luminosity. The strong dynamics sector is modeled by the minimal coset SO(5)/SO(4), where vector resonances are in (3, 1) of SO(4) and fermions are in (2, 2). Various production and decay channels are studied. For the spin-1 resonances,

Chong-Son Dröge, Anna Weller

In the broad range of studies related to quantum graphs, quantum graph spectra appear as a topic of special interest. They are important in the context of diffusion type problems posed on metric graphs. Theoretical findings suggest that quantum graph eigenvalues can be found as the solutions of a nonlinear eigenvalue problem, and in the special case of equil

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta

An amplitude analysis of the $B^{0}\to K^{*0}\mu^+\mu^-$ decay is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $4.7$ fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data collected with the LHCb experiment. For the first time, the coefficients associated to short-distance physics effects, sensitive to processes beyond the Standard Model, are extracted d

Nathan M. Dunfield, Robert Lipshitz, Dirk Schuetz

Inspired by the notions of local equivalence in monopole and Heegaard Floer homology, we introduce a version of local equivalence that combines odd Khovanov homology with equivariant even Khovanov homology into an algebraic package called a local even-odd (LEO) triple. We get a homomorphism from the smooth concordance group $C$ to the resulting local equival

Fukushi Kenji

Michael Farber introduced the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category cat$(M,\xi)$ for the pair of finite CW complex $M$ and first-order cohomology $\xi$. It is inspired by the Morse-Novikov theory, which is a closed 1-form version of the Morse theory. An important result of this theory is that if the number of zeros of a closed 1-form $\omega$ on a closed manifold

Xin Jin, Flyura Djurabekova, Etienne A. Hodille, Sabina Markelj

Retention of hydrogen isotopes (protium, deuterium and tritium) in tungsten is one of the most severe issues in design of fusion power plants, since significant trapping of tritium may cause exceeding radioactivity safety limits in future reactors. Hydrogen isotopes in tungsten can be detected using the nuclear reaction analysis method in channeling mode (NR

Yi-Fei Wang, Yixu Wang, Yu-An Chen, Wenjun Zhang

To achieve scalable universal quantum computing, we need to implement a universal set of logical gates fault-tolerantly, for which the main difficulty lies with non-Clifford gates. We demonstrate that several characteristic features of the reconfigurable atom array platform are inherently well-suited for addressing this key challenge, potentially leading to

Nikolaos Kouvatsos, Alexander C. Jenkins, Arianna I. Renzini, Joseph D. Romano

One of the most exciting targets of current and future gravitational-wave observations is the angular power spectrum of the astrophysical GW background. This cumulative signal encodes information about the large-scale structure of the Universe, as well as the formation and evolution of compact binaries throughout cosmic time. However, the finite rate of comp

Xiang Wang, Shiwei Zhang, Han Zhang, Yu Liu

Consistency models have demonstrated powerful capability in efficient image generation and allowed synthesis within a few sampling steps, alleviating the high computational cost in diffusion models. However, the consistency model in the more challenging and resource-consuming video generation is still less explored. In this report, we present the VideoLCM fr

Pranava Singhal, Shashi Raj Pandey, Petar Popovski

The standard client selection algorithms for Federated Learning (FL) are often unbiased and involve uniform random sampling of clients. This has been proven sub-optimal for fast convergence under practical settings characterized by significant heterogeneity in data distribution, computing, and communication resources across clients. For applications having t

Martin J. O'Connor, Marcos Martínez-Romero, Mete Ugur Akdogan, Josef Hardi

While scientists increasingly recognize the importance of metadata in describing their data, spreadsheets remain the preferred tool for supplying this information despite their limitations in ensuring compliance and quality. Various tools have been developed to address these limitations, but they suffer from their own shortcomings, such as steep learning cur

Kadin Worthen, Christine H. Chen, Sean Brittain, Cicero Lu

We present high-spectral resolution M-band spectra from iSHELL on NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) along the line of sight to the debris disk host star HD 32297. We also present a Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) H-band polarimetric image of the HD 131488 debris disk. We search for fundamental CO absorption lines in the iSHELL spectra of HD 32297 but do n

Dmitry Kolyaskin, Alexey Litvinov

Based on our previous studies of affine Yangian of $\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}(1|1)$ we propose Bethe ansatz equations for the spectrum of $\mathcal{N}=2$ quantum KdV systems.

LBNF/DUNE, :, M. Adamowski, J. Bremer

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on both a near detector and a cryogenic far detector. The DUNE fa

Han Gao, Lipei Du, Sangyong Jeon, Charles Gale

Considering applications to relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we develop a rapidity-dependent thermal model that includes thermal smearing effect and longitudinal boost. We calibrate the model with thermal yields obtained from a multistage hydrodynamic simulation. Through Bayesian analysis, we find that our model extracts freeze-out thermodynamics with bett

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta

An amplitude analysis of the $B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^+\mu^-$ decay is presented. The analysis is based on data collected by the LHCb experiment from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7,\,8$ and $13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $4.7$ fb$^{-1}$. For the first time, Wilson coefficients and non-local hadronic contributions are accessed di

Christian Arends, Jan Frahm, Joachim Hilgert

For a finite graph, we establish natural isomorphisms between eigenspaces of a Laplace operator acting on functions on the edges and eigenspaces of a transfer operator acting on functions on one-sided infinite non-backtracking paths. Interpreting the transfer operator as a classical dynamical system and the Laplace operator as its quantization, this result c

Keqi Deng, Philip C. Woodland

Recently, connectionist temporal classification (CTC)-based end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have achieved impressive results, especially with the development of self-supervised learning. However, E2E ASR models trained on paired speech-text data often suffer from domain shifts from training to testing. To alleviate this issue, this

Francisco Albergaria, Darius Jurčiukonis, Luís Lavoura

We compute the six oblique parameters $S, T, U, V, W, X$ in a New Physics Model with an arbitrary number of new fermions, in arbitrary representations of $SU(2) \times U(1)$, and mixing arbitrarily among themselves. We show that $S$ and $U$ are automatically finite, but $T$ is finite only if there is a specific relation between the masses of the new fermions

Fleurianne Bertrand, Vitoriano Ruas

In arXiv:2307.03503 [math.NA] we commenced to study a variant of the Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element method for triangles, to solve second order elliptic equations in a curved domain with Neumann or mixed boundary conditions. It is well known that in such a case the normal component of the flux variable should not take up values at nodes shifted to the b

Hongxian Shen, Nguyen Thi My Duc, Hillary Belliveau, Lin Luo

Magnetic refrigeration (MR) based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is a promising alternative to conventional vapor compression refrigeration techniques. The cooling efficiency of a magnetic refrigerator depends on its refrigeration capacity and operation frequency. Existing refrigerators possess limited cooling efficiency due to the low operating frequenc

Shivam Vats

Let E be the restriction of the null-correlation bundle on $\mathbb{P}^{3}$ to a hyperplane. In this article, we show that the projective bundle $\mathbb{P}(E)$ is isomorphic to a blow-up of a non-singular quadric in $\mathbb{P}^{4}$ along a line. We also prove that for each $d \geq 2$, there are hypersurfaces of degree d containing a line in $\mathbb{P}^{4}

Zhangkai Ni, Peiqi Yang, Wenhan Yang, Hanli Wang

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have demonstrated impressive potential in synthesizing novel views from dense input, however, their effectiveness is challenged when dealing with sparse input. Existing approaches that incorporate additional depth or semantic supervision can alleviate this issue to an extent. However, the process of supervision collection is not

Dongchen Han, Tianzhu Ye, Yizeng Han, Zhuofan Xia

The attention module is the key component in Transformers. While the global attention mechanism offers high expressiveness, its excessive computational cost restricts its applicability in various scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel attention paradigm, Agent Attention, to strike a favorable balance between computational efficiency and representation

Pierre Dehornoy, Corentin Lunel, Arnaud de Mesmay

While the problem of computing the genus of a knot is now fairly well understood, no algorithm is known for its four-dimensional variants, both in the smooth and in the topological locally flat category. In this article, we investigate a class of knots and links called Hopf arborescent links, which are obtained as the boundaries of some iterated plumbings of

Ziteng Cui, Lin Gu, Xiao Sun, Xianzheng Ma

The standard Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) paradigm employs a viewer-centered methodology, entangling the aspects of illumination and material reflectance into emission solely from 3D points. This simplified rendering approach presents challenges in accurately modeling images captured under adverse lighting conditions, such as low light or over-exposure. Mot

Maggie Voetberg, Brian Nord

Modern astronomical surveys have multiple competing scientific goals. Optimizing the observation schedule for these goals presents significant computational and theoretical challenges, and state-of-the-art methods rely on expensive human inspection of simulated telescope schedules. Automated methods, such as reinforcement learning, have recently been explore

Somnath Maiti

Nobody has discovered any perfect cuboid and there is no formula to deliver all possible Euler bricks. During investigations of famous open problems regarding the perfect cuboid and Euler brick; I have found new important conjectures on Pythagorean triples and biquadratic Diophantine equations [4] which are reduced $\&$ complete form for perfect cuboid and E

Aaron Lackey-Stewart, Raghav Chari, Adam Cole, Nick Brey

We present results of explicit asymptotic approximations applied to neutrino--electron scattering in a representative model of neutrino population evolution under conditions characteristic of core-collapse supernova explosions or binary neutron star mergers. It is shown that this approach provides stable solutions of these stiff systems of equations, with ac

Haoning Tang, Beicheng Lou, Fan Du, Guangqi Gao

Reconfigurable optics, optical systems that have a dynamically tunable configuration, are emerging as a new frontier in photonics research. Recently, twisted moir\'e photonic crystal has become a competitive candidate for implementing reconfigurable optics because of its high degree of tunability. However, despite its great potential as versatile optics comp

Berend Markhorst, Joost Berkhout, Alessandro Zocca, Jeroen Pruyn

The maritime industry must prepare for the energy transition from fossil fuels to sustainable alternatives. Making ships future-proof is necessary given their long lifetime, but it is also complex because the future fuel type is uncertain. Within this uncertainty, one typically overlooks pipe routing, although it is a crucial driver for design time and costs

Jämes Ménétrey, Marcelo Pasin, Pascal Felber, Valerio Schiavoni

In real-world scenarios, trusted execution environments (TEEs) frequently host applications that lack the trust of the infrastructure provider, as well as data owners who have specifically outsourced their data for remote processing. We present Twine, a trusted runtime for running WebAssembly-compiled applications within TEEs, establishing a two-way sandbox.

Hao Tian, Sourav Medya, Wei Ye

Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems over graphs appear routinely in many applications such as in optimizing traffic, viral marketing in social networks, and matching for job allocation. Due to their combinatorial nature, these problems are often NP-hard. Existing approximation algorithms and heuristics rely on the search space to find the solutions and

Rongwu Xu, Brian S. Lin, Shujian Yang, Tianqi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) encapsulate vast amounts of knowledge but still remain vulnerable to external misinformation. Existing research mainly studied this susceptibility behavior in a single-turn setting. However, belief can change during a multi-turn conversation, especially a persuasive one. Therefore, in this study, we delve into LLMs' susceptibilit

Xudong Chen, Bahman Gharesifard

We consider continuum ensembles of linear time-invariant control systems with single inputs. A sparsity pattern is said to be structurally averaged controllability if it admits an averaged controllable linear ensemble system. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a sparsity pattern to be structurally averaged controllable.

Michael Fürst, Rahul Jakkamsetty, René Schuster, Didier Stricker

The state of the art in 3D object detection using sensor fusion heavily relies on calibration quality, which is difficult to maintain in large scale deployment outside a lab environment. We present the first calibration-free approach for 3D object detection. Thus, eliminating the need for complex and costly calibration procedures. Our approach uses transform

Niklas Valentin Lehmann

Open online crowd-prediction platforms are increasingly used to forecast trends and complex events. Despite the large body of research on crowd-prediction and forecasting tournaments, online crowd-prediction platforms have never been directly compared to other forecasting methods. In this analysis, exchange rate crowd-predictions made on Metaculus are compar

Davide Sclosa

We investigate power series that converge to a bounded function on the real line. First, we establish relations between coefficients of a power series and boundedness of the resulting function; in particular, we show that boundedness can be prevented by certain Tur\'an inequalities and, in the case of real coefficients, by certain sign patterns. Second, we s

Sebastian Acosta, Jesse Chan, Raven Johnson, Benjamin Palacios

To strike a balance between modeling accuracy and computational efficiency for simulations of ultrasound waves in soft tissues, we derive a pseudodifferential factorization of the wave operator with fractional attenuation. This factorization allows us to approximately solve the Helmholtz equation via one-way (transmission) or two-way (transmission and reflec

Yu-Ming Yang, Xiao-Jun Bi, Peng-Fei Yin

In some quantum gravity (QG) theories, Lorentz symmetry may be broken above the Planck scale. The Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) may induce observable effects at low energies and be detected at high energy astrophysical measurements. The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO) has detected the onset, rise, and decay phases of the afterglow of

Adam Żychowski, Andrew Perrault, Jacek Mańdziuk

In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing robust machine learning (ML) models that can withstand adversarial attacks, including one of the most widely adopted, efficient, and interpretable ML algorithms-decision trees (DTs). This paper proposes a novel coevolutionary algorithm (CoEvoRDT) designed to create robust DTs capable of handling

Jiale Chen, Aaron Sidford, Ta-Wei Tu

We provide an algorithm that maintains, against an adaptive adversary, a $(1-\varepsilon)$-approximate maximum matching in $n$-node $m$-edge general (not necessarily bipartite) undirected graph undergoing edge deletions with high probability with (amortized) $O(\mathrm{poly}(\varepsilon^{-1}, \log n))$ time per update. We also obtain the same update time for

Hao Sun, Hengyi Cai, Bo Wang, Yingyan Hou

Despite the remarkable ability of large language models (LLMs) in language comprehension and generation, they often suffer from producing factually incorrect information, also known as hallucination. A promising solution to this issue is verifiable text generation, which prompts LLMs to generate content with citations for accuracy verification. However, veri

Po-Shen Hsin, Zhu-Xi Luo, Hao-Yu Sun

Symmetries and their anomalies are powerful tools for understanding quantum systems. However, realistic systems are often subject to disorders, dissipation and decoherence. In many circumstances, symmetries are not exact but only on average. This work investigates the constraints on mixed states resulting from non-commuting average symmetries. We will focus

Feng Yichang, Wang Jin, Lu Guodong

This paper utilizes finite Fourier series to represent a time-continuous motion and proposes a novel planning method that adjusts the motion harmonics of each manipulator joint. Primarily, we sum the potential energy for collision detection and the kinetic energy up to calculate the Hamiltonian of the manipulator motion harmonics. Though the adaptive interio

Balázs Németh, Blanka Kövér, Boglárka Kulcsár, Roland Botond Miklósi

Quantum signal processing (QSP) is a highly successful algorithmic primitive in quantum computing which leads to conceptually simple and efficient quantum algorithms using the block-encoding framework of quantum linear algebra. Multivariate variants of quantum signal processing (MQSP) could be a valuable tool in extending earlier results via implementing mul

Sanne Bloot, Joseph R. Callingham, Harish K. Vedantham, Robert D. Kavanagh

Stellar radio emission can measure a star's magnetic field strength and structure, plasma density and dynamics, and the stellar wind pressure impinging on exoplanet atmospheres. However, properly interpreting the radio data often requires temporal baselines that cover the rotation of the stars, orbits of their planets and any longer-term stellar activity cyc

Yijian Meng, Carlos F. D. Faurby, Ming Lai Chan, Patrik I. Sund

Fusion-based photonic quantum computing architectures rely on two primitives: i) near-deterministic generation and control of constant-size entangled states and ii) probabilistic entangling measurements (photonic fusion gates) between entangled states. Here, we demonstrate these key functionalities by fusing resource states deterministically generated using

Ying-Tian Liu, Yuan-Chen Guo, Guan Luo, Heyi Sun

Diffusion models trained on large-scale text-image datasets have demonstrated a strong capability of controllable high-quality image generation from arbitrary text prompts. However, the generation quality and generalization ability of 3D diffusion models is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality and large-scale 3D datasets. In this paper, we present PI3D,

Xiang-Yu Wu, Cong Yi, Guang-You Qin, Shi Pu

We report our recent study on the global and local polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC-BES energies within the (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics framework. We present our numerical results for the global polarization as the function of collision energies and the local polarization along the beam direction as functions of azimu

Yue Yang, Fan-Yun Sun, Luca Weihs, Eli VanderBilt

3D simulated environments play a critical role in Embodied AI, but their creation requires expertise and extensive manual effort, restricting their diversity and scope. To mitigate this limitation, we present Holodeck, a system that generates 3D environments to match a user-supplied prompt fully automatedly. Holodeck can generate diverse scenes, e.g., arcade

Chi-hsuan Wu, Shih-yang Liu, Xijie Huang, Xingbo Wang

Online learning is a rapidly growing industry. However, a major doubt about online learning is whether students are as engaged as they are in face-to-face classes. An engagement recognition system can notify the instructors about the students condition and improve the learning experience. Current challenges in engagement detection involve poor label quality,

Mehdi Barati

This study presents a narrative review of the literature on privacy concerns of Open Government Data (OGD) programs and identifies suggested technical, procedural, and legal remedies. Peer-reviewed articles were identified and analysed from major bibliographic databases, including Web of Science, Digital ACM Library, IEEE Explore Digital Library and Science

Alexander M. Segner, Andreas Risch, Hartmut Wittig

We give an update on an ongoing project in which we calculate the masses of octet and decuplet baryons including isospin-breaking effects. To this end, we employ single- and two-state-fits to effective masses up to leading order in the expansion in isospin-breaking parameters. In order to remove subjective bias on asymptotic masses we furthermore compute an

Lidija Fodor, Dusan Jakovetic, Natasa Krejic, Greta Malaspina

Motivated by localization problems such as cadastral maps refinements, we consider a generic Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) problem of minimizing an aggregate squared fit across all nonlinear equations (measurements) with respect to the set of unknowns, e.g., coordinates of the unknown points' locations. In a number of scenarios, NLS problems exhibit a nearly

Shuning Xu, Binbin Song, Xiangyu Chen, Xina Liu

Moire patterns frequently appear when capturing screens with smartphones or cameras, potentially compromising image quality. Previous studies suggest that moire pattern elimination in the RAW domain offers greater effectiveness compared to demoireing in the sRGB domain. Nevertheless, relying solely on RAW data for image demoireing is insufficient in mitigati

Emmanouil Semidalas, Amir Karton, Jan M. L. Martin

High-accuracy composite wavefunction methods like Weizmann-4 (W4) theory, high-accuracy extrapolated \textit{ab initio} thermochemistry (HEAT), and Feller-Peterson-Dixon (FPD) enable sub-kJ/mol accuracy in gas-phase thermochemical properties. Their biggest computational bottleneck is the evaluation of the valence post-CCSD(T) correction term. We demonstrate

Fritz Bayer, Drago Plecko, Niko Beerenwinkel, Jack Kuipers

Clustering algorithms may unintentionally propagate or intensify existing disparities, leading to unfair representations or biased decision-making. Current fair clustering methods rely on notions of fairness that do not capture any information on the underlying causal mechanisms. We show that optimising for non-causal fairness notions can paradoxically induc

Tomoyasu Yokoyama, Kazuhide Ichikawa, Hisashi Naito

Crystal structure design is important for the discovery of new highly functional materials because crystal structure strongly influences material properties. Crystal structures are composed of space-filling polyhedra, which affect material properties such as ionic conductivity and dielectric constant. However, most conventional methods of crystal structure p

Zimian Wei, Lujun Li, Peijie Dong, Zheng Hui

The substantial success of Vision Transformer (ViT) in computer vision tasks is largely attributed to the architecture design. This underscores the necessity of efficient architecture search for designing better ViTs automatically. As training-based architecture search methods are computationally intensive, there is a growing interest in training-free method

Yixuan Even Xu, Chun Kai Ling, Fei Fang

Coalitions naturally exist in many real-world systems involving multiple decision makers such as ridesharing, security, and online ad auctions, but the coalition structure among the agents is often unknown. We propose and study an important yet previously overseen problem -- Coalition Structure Learning (CSL), where we aim to carefully design a series of gam

Changjiang Li, Ren Pang, Bochuan Cao, Zhaohan Xi

Recent studies have shown that contrastive learning, like supervised learning, is highly vulnerable to backdoor attacks wherein malicious functions are injected into target models, only to be activated by specific triggers. However, thus far it remains under-explored how contrastive backdoor attacks fundamentally differ from their supervised counterparts, wh

Rudra P. K. Poudel, Harit Pandya, Stephan Liwicki, Roberto Cipolla

While recent model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods have demonstrated human-level effectiveness in gaming environments, their success in everyday tasks like visual navigation has been limited, particularly under significant appearance variations. This limitation arises from (i) poor sample efficiency and (ii) over-fitting to training scenarios. To ad

Biaoyan Hu, Yingying Peng, Xiaoqiang Liu, Qizhi Li

We investigate a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ antiferromagnet, CuBr$_2$, which has quasi-one-dimensional structural motifs. The system has previously been observed to exhibit unusual Raman modes possibly due to a locally deformed crystal structure driven by the low-dimensional magnetism. Using hard X-ray scattering and neutron total scattering, here we aim to verify a

Iván Padilla-Montero, Daniel Rodríguez, Vincent Jaunet, Peter Jordan

This work proposes a methodology to improve the extraction of coherent structures associated with the generation of acoustic fluctuations in turbulent jets from high-speed Schlieren images. This methodology employs the momentum potential theory of Doak to compute potential (acoustic and thermal) energy fluctuations from the Schlieren images by solving a Pois

Carlos Pérez, Ana C. Marcén, Javier Verón, Carlos Cetina

Today, the large number of players and the high computational requirements of video games have motivated research on Green Video Games. We present a survey that provides an overview of this recent research area. A total of 2,637 papers were reviewed, selecting 69 papers as primary studies for further analysis. Through a detailed analysis of the results, we p

Harald Vilhelm Skat-Rørdam, Mia Hang Knudsen, Simon Nørby Knudsen, Nicole Nadine Lønfeldt

We aim to investigate if we can improve predictions of stress caused by OCD symptoms using pre-trained models, and present our statistical analysis plan in this paper. With the methods presented in this plan, we aim to avoid bias from data knowledge and thereby strengthen our hypotheses and findings. The Wrist Angel study, which this statistical analysis pla

Alexandre Pofelski, Sergio Valencia, Yoav Kalcheim, Pavel Salev

Bulk V2O3 features concomitant metal-insulator (MIT) and structural (SPT) phase transitions at TC ~ 160 K. In thin films, where the substrate clamping can impose geometrical restrictions on the SPT, the epitaxial relation between the V2O3 film and substrate can have a profound effect on the MIT. Here we present a detailed characterization of domain nucleatio

Mehdi Barati

Background: Previous studies suggest that social media use among the youth is correlated with online and offline political participation. There is also a mixed and inconclusive debate on whether more online political participation in the youth increases their offline political participation. Methods: This study uses three models of OLS, two-way fixed effects