February 2024 arXiv papers — page 117

Abdullah Atmaca, A. Yavuz Oruc

Let $I$ and $O$ denote two sets of vertices, where $I\cap O =\emptyset$, $|I| = n$, $|O| = r$, and $B_u(n,r)$ denote the set of unlabeled graphs whose edges connect vertices in $I$ and $O$. Recently, it was established in\cite{atmacaoruc2018} that the following two-sided equality holds, \begin{equation} \label{mainResult} \displaystyle \frac{\binom{r+2^{n}-1

Frank Ferrari

We propose a microscopic definition of finite cut-off JT quantum gravity on the disk, both in the discretized and in the continuum points of view. The discretized formulation involves a new model of so-called self-overlapping random polygons. The measure is not uniform, implying that the degrees of freedom are not in one-to-one correspondence with the shape

Nigar Hashimzade, Oleg Kirsanov, Tatiana Kirsanova, Junior Maih

This paper presents a framework for empirical analysis of dynamic macroeconomic models using Bayesian filtering, with a specific focus on the state-space formulation of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models with multiple regimes. We outline the theoretical foundations of model estimation, provide the details of two families of powerful multipl

L. Colomban, O. V. Agapitov, V. Krasnoselskikh, M. Kretzschmar

The search-coil magnetometer (SCM) aboard Parker Solar Probe (PSP) measures the 3 Hz to 1 MHz magnetic field fluctuations. During Encounter 1, the SCM operated as expected; however, in March 2019, technical issues limited subsequent encounters to two components for frequencies below 1 kHz. Detrimentally, most whistler waves are observed in the affected frequ

Maria Fedorova, M. V. Sivaselvan

The objective of the present work is to develop a robust, yet simple-to-implement algorithm for dynamic vehicle-track-structure-interaction (VTSI) analysis, applicable to trains passing over bridges. The algorithm can be readily implemented in existing bridge analysis software with minimal code modifications. It is based on modeling the bridge and train sepa

M. Fenucci, A. Carbognani

By using recent observations of the Dydimos-Dimorphos system from the Hubble Space Telescope, 37 boulders with a size of 4 to 7 meters ejected from the system during the impact with the DART spacecraft were identified. In this work, we studied the orbital evolution of a swarm of boulders with a similar size to that of the detected ones. By using recent estim

Hyunsoo Choi, Fanglin bao, Zubin Jacob

The growth in space activity has increased the need for Space Domain Awareness (SDA) to ensure safe space operations. Imaging and detecting space targets is, however, challenging due to their dim appearance, small angular size/separation, dense distribution, and atmospheric turbulence. These challenges render space targets in ground-based imaging observation

Narek Bojikian, Stefan Kratsch

Recently, Bojikian and Kratsch [2023] have presented a novel approach to tackle connectivity problems parameterized by clique-width ($\operatorname{cw}$), based on counting small representations of partial solutions (modulo two). Using this technique, they were able to get a tight bound for the Steiner Tree problem, answering an open question posed by Hegerf

A. B. Aleksandrov, V. V. Peller

This is a continuation of our recent paper. We continue studying properties of the triangular projection ${\mathscr P}_n$ on the space of $n\times n$ matrices. We establish sharp estimates for the $p$-norms of ${\mathscr P}_n$ as an operator on the Schatten--von Neumann class $\boldsymbol{S}_p$ for $0<p<1$. Our estimates are uniform in $n$ and $p$ as soon as

Eduard A. Nigsch, Norbert Ortner

A short proof of M. W. Wong's inequality $\lVert J_{-s}\varphi\rVert_p \le \varepsilon \lVert J_{-t}\varphi\rVert_p + C \lVert\varphi\rVert_p$ is given.

Izabela Kowalska-Leszczynska, Marzena A. Kubiak, Maciej Bzowski, Marek Strumik

Direct observations of solar wind are mostly limited to the vicinity of the ecliptic plane. Retrieving the latitudinal structure of solar wind indirectly based on observations of the backscatter glow of interstellar neutral hydrogen is complex and requires support from theoretical models. The GLOWS instrument, to operate on the planned IMAP mission, will sca

Sam K. Miller

Let $G$ be a finite group and $k$ be a field of characteristic $p > 0$. In prior work, we studied endotrivial complexes, the invertible objects of the bounded homotopy category $K^b({}_{kG}\mathbf{triv})$ of $p$-permutation $kG$-modules. Using the notion of projectivity relative to a $kG$-module, we expand on this study by defining notions of "relatively" en

Raz Kupferman, Cy Maor

Motivated by recent interest in elastic problems in which the target space is non-Euclidean, we study a limit where local rest distances within an elastic body are incompatible, yet close to, distances within the ambient space. Specifically, we obtain, via $\Gamma$-convergence, a limit elastic model for a sequence of elastic bodies $(M,g_\varepsilon)$ in an

Dinuka Sahabandu, Xiaojun Xu, Arezoo Rajabi, Luyao Niu

We propose and analyze an adaptive adversary that can retrain a Trojaned DNN and is also aware of SOTA output-based Trojaned model detectors. We show that such an adversary can ensure (1) high accuracy on both trigger-embedded and clean samples and (2) bypass detection. Our approach is based on an observation that the high dimensionality of the DNN parameter

A. H. Ziaie, H. Shabani, H. Moradpour

In the present work we study collapse process of a homogeneous and isotropic fluid in Brans-Dicke ({BD}) theory with non-vanishing spacetime torsion. In this theory, torsion can be generated by the {BD} scalar field as well as the intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of matter. Assuming the matter content of the collapsing body to be a Weyssenhoff fluid, which

Katelyn J. Wagner, Richard O'Shaughnessy

Recent studies have shown that orbital eccentricity may indicate dynamical assembly as a formation mechanism for binary black holes. Eccentricity leaves a distinct signature in gravitational wave signals and it may be measured if the binary remains eccentric when it enters the LIGO band. Although eccentricity has not yet been confidently detected, the possib

Noah Tuchow, Chris Stark, Eric Mamajek

The Habitable Worlds Observatory Preliminary Input Catalog (HPIC) is a list of ~13,000 nearby bright stars that will be potential targets for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) in its search for Earth-sized planets around Sun-like stars. We construct this target list using the TESS and Gaia DR3 catalogs, and develop an automated pipeline to compile stell

Xiao Xue, Shuo Wang, Hua-Dong Yao, Lars Davidson

Data-driven approaches offer novel opportunities for improving the performance of turbulent flow simulations, which are critical to wide-ranging applications from wind farms and aerodynamic designs to weather and climate forecasting. While conventional continuum Navier-Stokes solvers have been the subject of a significant amount of work in this domain, there

Pigar Biteng, Mathieu Caguiat, Tsianna Dominguez, Mrinal Kanti Roychowdhury

Quantization for a Borel probability measure refers to the idea of estimating a given probability by a discrete probability with support containing a finite number of elements. If in the quantization some of the elements in the support are preselected, then the quantization is called a conditional quantization. In this paper, we investigate the conditional q

Alexandru-Raul Todoran, Marius Leordeanu

There is an increasing number of real-world problems in computer vision and machine learning requiring to take into consideration multiple interpretation layers (modalities or views) of the world and learn how they relate to each other. For example, in the case of Earth Observations from satellite data, it is important to be able to predict one observation l

Qianran Yu, Nicholas Julian, Jaime Marian, Enrique Martinez

In this work we develop a stochastic algorithm to integrate the Cahn-Hilliard equations. The algorithm is based on Gillespie's stochastic simulation algorithm, also known as kinetic Monte Carlo. The deterministic integration of the phase field equations leads to the closest minimum of free energy and does not overcome free energy barriers. However, in the nu

Manuel González-Navarrete, Rodrigo Lambert, Víctor Hugo Vázquez Guevara

Based on a martingale theory approach, we present a complete characterization of the asymptotic behaviour of a lazy reinforced random walk (LRRW) which shows three different regimes (diffusive, critical and superdiffusive). This allows us to prove versions of the law of large numbers, the quadratic strong law, the law of iterated logarithm, the almost sure c

Thomas Hales

The Kepler conjecture asserts that no packing of congruent balls in three-dimensional Euclidean space has density greater than that of the face-centered cubic packing. In 1998, Sam Ferguson and I announced a computer-assisted proof of this conjecture. Long delays in the refereeing process sparked a project to give a formal proof of the Kepler conjecture, whi

He Shuang, Lianying Zhao, David Lie

Web tracking harms user privacy. As a result, the use of tracker detection and blocking tools is a common practice among Internet users. However, no such tool can be perfect, and thus there is a trade-off between avoiding breakage (caused by unintentionally blocking some required functionality) and neglecting to block some trackers. State-of-the-art tools us

Anjali Khurana, Hari Subramonyam, Parmit K Chilana

Large Language Model (LLM) assistants, such as ChatGPT, have emerged as potential alternatives to search methods for helping users navigate complex, feature-rich software. LLMs use vast training data from domain-specific texts, software manuals, and code repositories to mimic human-like interactions, offering tailored assistance, including step-by-step instr

C. Boettner, P. Dayal, M. Trebitsch, N. Libeskind

Stellar populations and their distribution differ widely across the Galaxy, which is likely to affect planet demographics. Our local neighbourhood is dominated by young, metal-rich stars in the galactic thin disc, while the stellar halo and galactic bulge host a large fraction of older, metal-poor stars. We study the impact of these variations on planet popu

Margarida Pereira, Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo, Akihiro Mizutani, Davide Rusca

A prevalent issue in practical applications of quantum key distribution (QKD) is the emergence of correlations among the emitted signals. Although recent works have proved the security of QKD in the presence of this imperfection, they rest on the premise that pulse correlations are of finite length. However, this assumption is not necessarily met in practice

Matheus F. Reis, A. Pedro Aguiar

Control Lyapunov functions (CLFs) and Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) have been used to develop provably safe controllers by means of quadratic programs (QPs). This framework guarantees safety in the form of trajectory invariance with respect to a given set, but it can introduce undesirable equilibrium points to the closed loop system, which can be asymptot

H. Tang, K. Tangtartharakul, R. Babjak, I-L. Yeh

Direct Laser Acceleration (DLA) of electrons during a high-energy, picosecond laser interaction with an underdense plasma has been demonstrated to be substantially enhanced by controlling the laser focusing geometry. Experiments using the OMEGA EP facility measured electrons accelerated to maximum energies exceeding 120 times the ponderomotive energy under c

Allen H Boozer

A stellarator design is described with the purpose of achieving three goals: (1) Enhance the confinement time of tritium. (2) Have a sufficient density of high-Z impurities to radiate the thermal power escaping from the core while having an extremely low impurity density in the core. (3) Maintain a large fraction of the plasma in a burning plasma state with

Jacob Tyo, Motolani Olarinre, Youngseog Chung, Zachary C. Lipton

Despite significant progress in optical character recognition (OCR) and computer vision systems, robustly recognizing text and identifying people in images taken in unconstrained \emph{in-the-wild} environments remain an ongoing challenge. However, such obstacles must be overcome in practical applications of vision systems, such as identifying racers in phot

David Jekel

We give a new combinatorial proof of Parraud's formula for the asymptotic expansion in powers of $1/N^2$ for the expected trace of polynomials of several independent $N \times N$ GUE matrices, which expresses the result using a mixture of free difference quotients, introducing new freely independent semicircular variables, and integration with respect to par

Cetin Hakimoglu

The beta integral is applied to accelerate the hypergeometric function $2 F 1\left\{1, B; C ; w\right\}$ to derive new infinite series for constants such as $\pi$ and values of the gamma function. A compendium of new infinite series is given. Ramanujan-like formulas for pi are also derived based on elementary inverse trigonometric functions, including a form

Yijun Tian, Chuxu Zhang, Ziyi Kou, Zheyuan Liu

Generative self-supervised learning on graphs, particularly graph masked autoencoders, has emerged as a popular learning paradigm and demonstrated its efficacy in handling non-Euclidean data. However, several remaining issues limit the capability of existing methods: 1) the disregard of uneven node significance in masking, 2) the underutilization of holistic

Talha Bozkus, Urbashi Mitra

Optimizing large-scale wireless networks, including optimal resource management, power allocation, and throughput maximization, is inherently challenging due to their non-observable system dynamics and heterogeneous and complex nature. Herein, a novel ensemble Q-learning algorithm that addresses the performance and complexity challenges of the traditional Q-

Allison Koenecke, Anna Seo Gyeong Choi, Katelyn X. Mei, Hilke Schellmann

Speech-to-text services aim to transcribe input audio as accurately as possible. They increasingly play a role in everyday life, for example in personal voice assistants or in customer-company interactions. We evaluate Open AI's Whisper, a state-of-the-art automated speech recognition service outperforming industry competitors, as of 2023. While many of Whis

Joaquin Palacios, Alexandra Deli-Ivanov, Ava Chen, Lauren Winterbottom

Individuals with hand paralysis resulting from C6-C7 spinal cord injuries frequently rely on tenodesis for grasping. However, tenodesis generates limited grasping force and demands constant exertion to maintain a grasp, leading to fatigue and sometimes pain. We introduce the MyHand-SCI, a wearable robot that provides grasping assistance through motorized exo

Ava Chen, Katelyn Lee, Lauren Winterbottom, Jingxi Xu

Increased effort during use of the paretic arm and hand can provoke involuntary abnormal synergy patterns and amplify stiffness effects of muscle tone for individuals after stroke, which can add difficulty for user-controlled devices to assist hand movement during functional tasks. We study how volitional effort, exerted in an attempt to open or close the ha

Matthew Niedoba, Dylan Green, Saeid Naderiparizi, Vasileios Lioutas

Score function estimation is the cornerstone of both training and sampling from diffusion generative models. Despite this fact, the most commonly used estimators are either biased neural network approximations or high variance Monte Carlo estimators based on the conditional score. We introduce a novel nearest neighbour score function estimator which utilizes

Ashish Shenoy, Yichao Lu, Srihari Jayakumar, Debojeet Chatterjee

We introduce Lumos, the first end-to-end multimodal question-answering system with text understanding capabilities. At the core of Lumos is a Scene Text Recognition (STR) component that extracts text from first person point-of-view images, the output of which is used to augment input to a Multimodal Large Language Model (MM-LLM). While building Lumos, we enc

Zhijie Qu, Hsiao-Wen Chen, Sean D. Johnson, Gwen C. Rudie

This paper presents a newly established sample of 103 unique galaxies or galaxy groups at $0.4\lesssim z\lesssim 0.7$ from the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) for studying the warm-hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) probed by both O VI and Ne VIII absorption. The galaxies and associated neighbors are identified at $< 1$ physical Mpc from the sightlines

Israel Abebe Azime, Atnafu Lambebo Tonja, Tadesse Destaw Belay, Mitiku Yohannes Fuge

Large language models (LLMs) have received a lot of attention in natural language processing (NLP) research because of their exceptional performance in understanding and generating human languages. However, low-resource languages are left behind due to the unavailability of resources. In this work, we focus on enhancing the LLaMA-2-Amharic model by integrati

Luca Battistella, Navid Nabijou, Dhruv Ranganathan

We study stable maps to normal crossings pairs with possibly negative tangency orders. There are two independent models: punctured Gromov-Witten theory of pairs and orbifold Gromov-Witten theory of root stacks with extremal ages. Exploiting the tropical structure of the punctured mapping space, we define and study a new virtual class for the punctured theory

Malors Espinosa

Langlands has introduced a formula for a specific product of orbital integrals in $\mbox{GL}(2, \mathbb{Q})$. Altu\u{g} employs this formula to manipulate the regular elliptic part of the trace formula, with the aim of eliminating the contribution of the trivial representation from the spectral side. Arthur predicts that this formula coincides with a product

Yiyun He, Roman Vershynin, Yizhe Zhu

We present a polynomial-time algorithm for online differentially private synthetic data generation. For a data stream within the hypercube $[0,1]^d$ and an infinite time horizon, we develop an online algorithm that generates a differentially private synthetic dataset at each time $t$. This algorithm achieves a near-optimal accuracy bound of $O(\log(t)t^{-1/d

Wolfgang Banzhaf, Illya Bakurov

In this contribution, we discuss the basic concepts of genotypes and phenotypes in tree-based GP (TGP), and then analyze their behavior using five benchmark datasets. We show that TGP exhibits the same behavior that we can observe in other GP representations: At the genotypic level trees show frequently unchecked growth with seemingly ineffective code, but o

Yuxiao Wen, Arthur Jacot

We describe the emergence of a Convolution Bottleneck (CBN) structure in CNNs, where the network uses its first few layers to transform the input representation into a representation that is supported only along a few frequencies and channels, before using the last few layers to map back to the outputs. We define the CBN rank, which describes the number and

Jeffrey Powell, Spencer W. Jolly, Simon Vallières, François Fillion-Gourdeau

We generate a tabletop pulsed relativistic electron beam at 100 Hz repetition rate from vacuum laser acceleration (VLA) by tightly focusing a radially polarized beam into a low-density gas. We demonstrate that strong longitudinal electric fields at the focus can accelerate electrons up to 1.43 MeV by using only 98 GW of peak laser power. The electron energy

Mohsen Aliabadi, Peter Taylor

The inquiry into identifying sets of monomials that can be eliminated from a generic homogeneous polynomial via a linear change of coordinates was initiated by E. K. Wakeford. This linear algebra problem prompted C. K. Fan and J. Losonczy to introduce the notion of acyclic matchings in the additive group $\mathbb{Z}^n$, subsequently extended to abelian group

Malors Espinosa

Langlands provides a formula for certain product of orbital integrals in $GL(2, \mathbb{Q})$. Its generalization has become an important question for the strategy of Beyond Endoscopy. Arthur predicts this formula should coincide with a product of polynomials associated to zeta functions of orders constructed by Zhiwei Yun. In this paper we compute, for a cer

Laura Santos, Bernardo Carvalho, Catarina Barata, José Santos-Victor

Robotic-assistive therapy has demonstrated very encouraging results for children with Autism. Accurate estimation of the child's pose is essential both for human-robot interaction and for therapy assessment purposes. Non-intrusive methods are the sole viable option since these children are sensitive to touch. While depth cameras have been used extensively, e

Pedro Costa Klein, Christoph Lehrenfeld, Markus Osterhoff, Martin Uecker

Open Science is a recurrent topic in scientific discussion, and there is a current effort to make research more accessible to a broader audience. A focus on delivering research findings that are reproducible, or even re-usable has been proposed as one way of achieving such accessibility goals. In this work, we present the LiveDocs initiative, an effort of th

Víctor Gallego

In this paper, we introduce \emph{refined Direct Preference Optimization} (rDPO), a method for improving the behavioral alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) without the need for human-annotated data. The method involves creating synthetic data using self-critique prompting by a teacher LLM and then utilising a generalized DPO loss function to distil to

Johnathan Mercer

Formal mathematics is the discipline of translating mathematics into a programming language in which any statement can be unequivocally checked by a computer. Mathematicians and computer scientists have spent decades of painstaking formalization efforts developing languages such as Coq, HOL, and Lean. Machine learning research has converged on these formal m

Jacob N. Lenz, Scott K. Perryman, Dmitro J. Martynowych, David A. Hopper

The Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM) is an instrument with a demonstrated capability to image electrical current in integrated circuits (ICs), which shows promise for detection of hardware Trojans. The anomalous current activity caused by hardware Trojans manifests through a magnetic field side channel that can be imaged with the QDM, potentially allowing fo

Shubhayan Sarkar

Any physical theory aims to establish the relationship between physical systems in terms of the interaction between these systems. However, any known approach in the literature to infer this interaction is dependent on the particular modelling of the physical systems involved. Here, we propose an alternative approach where one does not need to model the syst

Mohammad Koosha, Nicholas Mastronarde

Spectrum coexistence between terrestrial Next-G cellular networks and space-borne remote sensing (RS) is now gaining attention. One major question is how this would impact RS equipment. In this study, we develop a framework based on stochastic geometry to evaluate the statistical characteristics of radio frequency interference (RFI) originating from a large-

Ezequiel Alvarez, Leandro Da Rold, Manuel Szewc, Alejandro Szynkman

To find New Physics or to refine our knowledge of the Standard Model at the LHC is an enterprise that involves many factors. We focus on taking advantage of available information and pour our effort in re-thinking the usual data-driven ABCD method to improve it and to generalize it using Bayesian Machine Learning tools. We propose that a dataset consisting o

Aswin Suresh, Viraj Karambelkar, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Michael C. B. Ashley

Stars in the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase, dominated by low to intermediate-mass stars in the late stage of evolution, undergo periodic pulsations, with periods of several hundred days, earning them the name Long Period Variables (LPVs). These stars gradually shed their mass through stellar winds and mass ejections, enveloping themselves in dust. Infr

Meng-Chieh Lee, Haiyang Yu, Jian Zhang, Vassilis N. Ioannidis

Given a node-attributed graph, and a graph task (link prediction or node classification), can we tell if a graph neural network (GNN) will perform well? More specifically, do the graph structure and the node features carry enough usable information for the task? Our goals are (1) to develop a fast tool to measure how much information is in the graph structur

Emmanuel Chávez Nambo, Alberto Diez-Tejedor, Armando A. Roque, Olivier Sarbach

In this paper we study the linear stability of selfinteracting boson stars in the nonrelativistic limit of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon theory. For this purpose, based on a combination of analytic and numerical methods, we determine the behavior of general linear perturbations around the stationary and spherically symmetric solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii-Poi

Ezgi Ozyilkan, Elza Erkip

Many applications from camera arrays to sensor networks require efficient compression and processing of correlated data, which in general is collected in a distributed fashion. While information-theoretic foundations of distributed compression are well investigated, the impact of theory in practice-oriented applications to this day has been somewhat limited.

Aleksandr Bashkatov, Sunghak Park, Çayan Demirkır, Jeffery A. Wood

The evolution of electrogenerated gas bubbles during water electrolysis can significantly hamper the overall process efficiency. Promoting the departure of electrochemically generated bubbles during (water) electrolysis is therefore beneficial. For a single bubble, a departure from the electrode surface occurs when buoyancy wins over the downward-acting forc

John F. Wu, Christian Kragh Jespersen, Risa H. Wechsler

We investigate the connection between galaxies, dark matter halos, and their large-scale environments at $z=0$ with Illustris TNG300 hydrodynamic simulation data. We predict stellar masses from subhalo properties to test two types of machine learning (ML) models: Explainable Boosting Machines (EBMs) with simple galaxy environment features and $\mathbb{E}(3)$

Scott D. Joffre, Núria Torres-Albà, Marco Ajello, Daniel Kocevski

The Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA) provides a photometric alternative for identifying week-long gamma-ray flares across the entire sky while being independent of any diffuse Galactic or isotropic emission model. We reviewed 779 weeks of Fermi-LAT data analyzed by FAVA to estimate the rate and origin of Galactic gamma-ray flares, and to search for

W. Dekens, J. de Vries, D. Castillo, J. Menéndez

We investigate neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in minimal extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics where gauge-singlet right-handed neutrinos give rise to Dirac and Majorana neutrino mass terms. We argue that the standard treatment of these scenarios, based on mass-dependent nuclear matrix elements, is missing important contribu

Uddipan Banik, Amitava Bhattacharjee

The relaxation of a weakly collisional plasma, which is of fundamental interest to laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, can be described by the Boltzmann-Poisson equations with the Lenard-Bernstein collision operator. We perform a perturbative analysis of these equations, and obtain exact analytic solutions that resolve long-standing controversies regarding

Rahool Kumar Barman, Genevieve Bélanger, Biplob Bhattacherjee, Rohini Godbole

In a previous publication, we studied the parameter space of the phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (pMSSM) with a light neutralino thermal dark matter ($M_{\tilde{\chi}_1^0} \leq M_h/2$) and observed that the recent results from the dark matter and collider experiments put strong constraints on this scenario. In this work, we present in

Chao Yin, Andrew Lucas, David T. Stephen

We bound the time necessary to implement the shift unitary on a one-dimensional ring, both using local Hamiltonians and those with power-law interactions. This time is constrained by the Frobenius light cone; hence we prove that (for certain power law exponents) shift unitaries cannot be implemented in the same amount of time needed to prepare long-range Bel

Irene Shivaei, Stacey Alberts, Michael Florian, George Rieke

This paper utilizes the JWST MIRI multi-band imaging data from the SMILES survey (5-25micron), complemented with HST and NIRCam photometric and spectroscopic data from the JADES and FRESCO surveys for 443 star-forming (non-AGN) galaxies at z=0.7-2.0 to extend the study of dust and PAH emission to a new mass and SFR parameter space beyond our local universe.

Brandon Buncher, Gilbert Holder, Selim Hotinli

We investigate lensing reconstruction using the clustered galaxy distribution as a source field, using both the traditional cosmic microwave background quadratic estimator and a shear-only estimator. We calculate the expected signal-to-noise ratio of the cross power spectrum of such reconstructions with cosmic shear measurements for an LSST-like galaxy surve

Giuseppe Calajò, Giuseppe Magnifico, Claire Edmunds, Martin Ringbauer

We present a quantum simulation strategy for a (1+1)D SU(2) non-abelian lattice gauge theory with dynamical matter, a hardcore-gluon Hamiltonian Yang-Mills, tailored to a six-level trapped-ion qudit quantum processor, as recently experimentally realized. We employ a qudit encoding fulfilling gauge invariance, an SU(2) Gauss law. We discuss the experimental f

Danny Horta, Michael S. Petersen, Jorge Peñarrubia

The inner $\sim5$ kiloparsec (kpc) region of the Milky Way is complex. Unravelling the evolution of the Galaxy requires precise understanding of the formation of this region. We report a study focused on disentangling the inner Galaxy ($r < 5$ kpc) using the measured positions, velocities, and element abundance ratios of red giant stars from the $APOGEE-Gaia

Alberto Belvedere, Christoph Englert, Roman Kogler, Michael Spannowsky

Extrapolations of sensitivity to new interactions and standard model parameters critically inform the programme at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and potential future collider cases. To this end, statistical considerations based on inclusive quantities and established analysis strategies typically give rise to a sensitivity scaling with the square root of t

Muxin Han, Hongguang Liu, Dongxue Qu, Francesca Vidotto

We study homogenous and isotropic quantum cosmology using the spinfoam formalism of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). We define a coupling of a scalar field to the 4-dimensional Lorentzian Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine (EPRL) spinfoam model. We employ the numerical method of complex critical points to investigate the model on two different simplicial complexes: the

Nick Loudas, Nikolaos D. Kylafis, Joachim E. Trümper

Magnetic neutron stars (NSs) often exhibit a cyclotron resonant scattering feature (CRSF) in their X-ray spectra, but the site of the CRSF formation is still an open puzzle. A promising candidate for high-luminosity sources has always been the radiative shock (RS) in the accretion column. Yet, no quantitative calculations of spectral formation at the RS have

Meghana Killi, Michele Ginolfi, Gergö Popping, Darach Watson

Galaxy morphology is shaped by stellar activity, feedback, gas and dust properties, and interactions with surroundings, and can therefore provide insight into these processes. In this paper, we study the spatial offsets between stellar and interstellar medium emission in a sample of 54 main-sequence star-forming galaxies at $z\sim4-6$ observed with the Ataca

Conor Dyson, Jaime Redondo-Yuste, Maarten van de Meent, Vitor Cardoso

Astrophysical black holes do not exist in vacuum, and their motion is affected by the galactic environment. As a black hole moves it attracts stars and matter, creating a wake that, in turn, exerts an effective friction slowing down the black hole. This force is known as dynamical friction, and has significant consequences, ranging from the formation of supe

Tran Quang Loc

Krylov methods have reappeared recently, connecting physically sensible notions of complexity with quantum chaos and quantum gravity. In these developments, the Hamiltonian and the Liouvillian are tridiagonalized so that Schrodinger/Heisenberg time evolution is expressed in the Krylov basis. In the context of Schrodinger evolution, this tridiagonalization ha

Geneviève Parmentier

The phenomenon of multiple stellar populations is exacerbated in massive globular clusters, with the fraction of first-population (1P) stars a decreasing function of the cluster present-day mass. We decipher this relation in far greater detail than has been done so far. We assume (i) a fixed stellar mass threshold for the formation of second-population (2P)

Tamar Faran, Andrei Gruzinov, Re'em Sari

A new type of self-similarity is found in the problem of a plane-parallel, ultra-relativistic blast wave, propagating in a powerlaw density profile of the form $\rho \propto z^{-k}$. Self-similar solutions of the first kind can be found for $k<7/4$ using dimensional considerations. For steeper density gradients with $k>2$, second type solutions are obtained

Zipeng Wang, Thomas Helfer, Dina Traykova, Katy Clough

In fluid dynamics, the Magnus effect is the force perpendicular to the motion of a spinning object as it moves through a medium. In general relativity, an analogous effect exists for a spinning compact object moving through matter, purely as a result of gravitational interactions. In this work we consider a Kerr black hole moving at relativistic velocities t

Wen Yin, Taiki Bessho, Yuji Ikeda, Hitomi Kobayashi

The identity of dark matter has been a mystery in astronomy, cosmology, and particle theory for about a century. Bessho, Ikeda, and Yin (2022), three of the current authors, proposed using the state-of-the-art infrared spectrographs, including WINERED at $6.5$m Magellan Clay telescope and NIRSpec at James Webb Space Telescope, as efficient detectors for the

Daniel Malz, Rahul Trivedi

We determine the computational power of isometric tensor network states (isoTNS), a variational ansatz originally developed to numerically find and compute properties of gapped ground states and topological states in two dimensions. By mapping 2D isoTNS to 1+1D unitary quantum circuits, we find that computing local expectation values in isoTNS is $\textsf{BQ

Andrew Y. Guo, Jeremy T. Young, Ron Belyansky, Przemyslaw Bienias

Experimental systems with power-law interactions have recently garnered interest as promising platforms for quantum information processing. Such systems are capable of spreading entanglement superballistically and achieving an asymptotic speed-up over locally interacting systems. Recently, protocols developed by Eldredge et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 170503

Filippo Gaggioli, Gianni Blatter, Kostya S. Novoselov, Vadim B. Geshkenbein

The comprehensive understanding of superconductivity is a multi-scale task that involves several levels, starting from the electronic scale determining the microscopic mechanism, going to the phenomenological scale describing vortices and the continuum-elastic scale describing vortex matter, to the macroscopic scale relevant in technological applications. Th

Alan J. Barr, Marco Fabbrichesi, Roberto Floreanini, Emidio Gabrielli

The study of entanglement in particle physics has been gathering pace in the past few years. It is a new field that is providing important results about the possibility of detecting entanglement and testing Bell inequality at colliders for final states as diverse as top-quark, $\tau$-lepton pairs and $\Lambda$-baryons, massive gauge bosons and vector mesons.

Sunghoon Kim, Mohammad Saad, Dan Mao, Adhip Agarwala

The interplay of electronic interactions and frustration in crystalline systems leads to a panoply of correlated phases, including exotic Mott insulators with non-trivial patterns of entanglement. Disorder introduces additional quantum interference effects that can drive localization phenomena. Quasicrystals, which are neither disordered nor perfectly crysta

Drake A. Lehmann, Andrew Vanderburg

Data from the Kepler space telescope have led to the discovery of thousands of planet candidates. Most of these candidates are likely to be real exoplanets, but a significant number of false positives still contaminate the sample, especially in candidate lists from the K2 mission. Identifying and rejecting the false positives lurking in the planet candidates

Ming Zhang, Hongyi Sun, Yu-Bo Liu, Qihang Liu

Recently, evidence of superconductivity (SC) has been reported in pressurized La$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$. Here we study the possible pairing mechanism and pairing symmetry in this material. Through fitting the density-functional-theory band structure, we provide a six-orbital tight-binding model. In comparison with the band structure of La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$, the addi

Armin Gerami, Monte Hoover, Pranav S. Dulepet, Ramani Duraiswami

Motivated by the factorization inherent in the original fast multipole method and the improved fast Gauss transform we introduce a factorable form of attention that operates efficiently in high dimensions. This approach reduces the computational and memory complexity of the attention mechanism in transformers from $O(N^2)$ to $O(N)$. In comparison to previou

Amit Kohli, Anastasios N. Angelopoulos, Laura Waller

The performance of an imaging system is limited by optical aberrations, which cause blurriness in the resulting image. Digital correction techniques, such as deconvolution, have limited ability to correct the blur, since some spatial frequencies in the scene are not measured adequately (i.e., 'zeros' of the system transfer function). We prove that the additi

Yulu Qin, Wentao Wang, Brenden M. Lake

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in generating linguistically coherent text, sparking discussions about their relevance to understanding human language learnability. However, a significant gap exists between the training data for these models and the linguistic input a child receives. LMs are typically trained on data that is or

Adam E. Lanman, Shion Andrew, Mattias Lazda, Vishwangi Shah

Localizing fast radio bursts (FRBs) to their host galaxies is an essential step to better understanding their origins and using them as cosmic probes. The CHIME/FRB Outrigger program aims to add VLBI-localization capabilities to CHIME, such that FRBs may be localized to tens of milliarcsecond precision at the time of their discovery, more than sufficient for

R. Cerezo, V. Calderon, C. Romero

This paper describes a holographic mobile-based application designed to help Spanish-speaking children to practice the pronunciation of basic English vocabulary words. The mastery of vocabulary is a fundamental step when learning a language but is often perceived as boring. Producing the correct pronunciation is frequently regarded as the most difficult and

Louis Castricato, Nathan Lile, Suraj Anand, Hailey Schoelkopf

Existing methods for controlling language models, such as RLHF and Constitutional AI, involve determining which LLM behaviors are desirable and training them into a language model. However, in many cases, it is desirable for LLMs to be controllable at inference time, so that they can be used in multiple contexts with diverse needs. We illustrate this with th

Violet Liu, Jason Chen, Ans Qureshi, Mahla Nejati

Amidst growing food production demands, early plant disease detection is essential to safeguard crops; this study proposes a visual machine learning approach for plant disease detection, harnessing RGB and NIR data collected in real-world conditions through a JAI FS-1600D-10GE camera to build an RGBN dataset. A two-stage early plant disease detection model w

Shubhabrata Mukherjee, Cory Beard, Zhu Li

Low-light conditions and occluded scenarios impede object detection in real-world Internet of Things (IoT) applications like autonomous vehicles and security systems. While advanced machine learning models strive for accuracy, their computational demands clash with the limitations of resource-constrained devices, hampering real-time performance. In our curre

Ashley Chontos, Daniel Huber, Samuel K. Grunblatt, Nicholas Saunders

We present a dedicated transit and radial velocity survey of planets orbiting subgiant stars observed by the TESS Mission. Using $\sim$$16$ nights on Keck/HIRES, we confirm and characterize $12$ new transiting planets -- $\rm TOI-329\,b$, $\rm HD\,39688\,b$ ($\rm TOI-480$), $\rm TOI-603\,b$, $\rm TOI-1199\,b$, $\rm TOI-1294\,b$, $\rm TOI-1439\,b$, $\rm TOI-1

Aditya Vijaykumar, Alexandra G. Hanselman, Michael Zevin

Detecting imprints of orbital eccentricity in GW signals promises to shed light on the formation mechanisms of binary black holes. To constrain formation mechanisms, distributions of eccentricity derived from numerical simulations of astrophysical formation channels are compared to the estimates of eccentricity inferred from GW signals. We report that the de