May 2024 arXiv papers — page 117

Jialun Kou, Marc Bauduin, André Bourdoux, Sofie Pollin

In Frequency Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) radar systems, the phase noise from the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) can increase the noise floor in the Range-Doppler map. The adverse effects of phase noise on close targets can be mitigated if the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) employ the same chirp, a phenomenon known as the range correlation effect. In th

Oresti Banos, Zhoe Comas-González, Javier Medina, Aurora Polo-Rodríguez

Background: Human Emotion Recognition (HER) has been a popular field of study in the past years. Despite the great progresses made so far, relatively little attention has been paid to the use of HER in autism. People with autism are known to face problems with daily social communication and the prototypical interpretation of emotional responses, which are mo

Meriem Boukhobza, Amar Debbouche, Lingeshwaran Shangerganesh, Delfim F. M. Torres

We investigate the dynamics of the hepatitis B virus by integrating variable-order calculus and discrete analysis. Specifically, we utilize the Caputo variable-order difference operator in this study. To establish the existence and uniqueness results of the model, we employ a fixed-point technique. Furthermore, we prove that the model exhibits bounded and po

Julia Barnett, Kimon Kieslich, Nicholas Diakopoulos

The rapid advancement of AI technologies yields numerous future impacts on individuals and society. Policymakers are tasked to react quickly and establish policies that mitigate those impacts. However, anticipating the effectiveness of policies is a difficult task, as some impacts might only be observable in the future and respective policies might not be ap

Adriana Bariego-Quintana

Flat rotation curves follow from elongated Dark Matter distributions, as shown by our earlier competitive fits to the SPARC database. Intending to probe that distortion of the DM halo one needs observables not contained by the galactic plane. Stellar streams are caused by tidal stretching of massive substructures such as satellite dwarf galaxies, and would l

Andrea Braides, Sergio Scalabrino, Chiara Trifone

We consider the problem of the homogenization of non-local quadratic energies defined on $\delta$-periodic disconnected sets defined by a double integral, depending on a kernel concentrated at scale $\varepsilon$. For kernels with unbounded support we show that we may have three regimes: (i) $\varepsilon<\!<\delta$, for which the $\Gamma$-limit even in the s

Joshua Cutler, Mateo Díaz, Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy

Classical results in asymptotic statistics show that the Fisher information matrix controls the difficulty of estimating a statistical model from observed data. In this work, we introduce a companion measure of robustness of an estimation problem: the radius of statistical efficiency (RSE) is the size of the smallest perturbation to the problem data that ren

Lucas W. Remedios, Shunxing Bao, Samuel W. Remedios, Ho Hin Lee

Understanding the way cells communicate, co-locate, and interrelate is essential to furthering our understanding of how the body functions. H&E is widely available, however, cell subtyping often requires expert knowledge and the use of specialized stains. To reduce the annotation burden, AI has been proposed for the classification of cells on H&E. For exampl

Sayak Mukherjee, Ramij Raja Hossain, Kaustav Chatterjee, Soumya Kundu

This paper addresses the following fundamental research question: how does the integration of grid-forming inverters (GFMs) replacing conventional synchronous generators (SGs) impact the slow coherent eigen-structure and the low-frequency oscillatory behavior of future power systems? Due to time-scale separated dynamics, generator states inside a coherent ar

Ben Goodman

I introduce a new family of axioms extending ZFC set theory, the $\Sigma_n$-correct forcing axioms. These assert roughly that whenever a forcing name $\dot{a}$ can be forced by a poset in some forcing class $\Gamma$ to have some $\Sigma_n$ property $\phi$ which is provably preserved by all further forcing in $\Gamma$, then $\dot{a}$ reflects to some small na

Dan Biderman, Jacob Portes, Jose Javier Gonzalez Ortiz, Mansheej Paul

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely-used parameter-efficient finetuning method for large language models. LoRA saves memory by training only low rank perturbations to selected weight matrices. In this work, we compare the performance of LoRA and full finetuning on two target domains, programming and mathematics. We consider both the instruction finetuning

Junwei Zhou, Duowen Chen, Molin Deng, Yitong Deng

We propose a novel Particle Flow Map (PFM) method to enable accurate long-range advection for incompressible fluid simulation. The foundation of our method is the observation that a particle trajectory generated in a forward simulation naturally embodies a perfect flow map. Centered on this concept, we have developed an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework comprisi

Daniel Dominguez, Jorge Berger

We study quasi-one dimensional wires of two-band superconductors driven by an electrical current. We find that the onset of dissipation can occur with the nucleation of time-connected phase slips (t-PS). The topological structure of the t-PS consists of two phase slips (one in each order parameter) separated in time and connected via an interband vortex stri

Susmita Das

We study the class of operators $S_{\alpha,\beta}$ obtained by compressing the Hardy shift on the parametric spaces $H^2_{\alpha, \beta}$ corresponding to the pair $\{\alpha,\beta\}$ satisfying $|\alpha|^2+|\beta|^2=1$. We show, for nonzero $\alpha,\beta$, each $S_{\alpha,\beta}$ is indeed a shift $M_z$ on some analytic reproducing kernel Hilbert space and p

George Bakewell-Smith, Federico Girotti, Mădălin Guţă, Juan P. Garrahan

We study the statistics of first passage times (FPTs) of trajectory observables in both classical and quantum Markov processes. We consider specifically the FPTs of counting observables, that is, the times to reach a certain threshold of a trajectory quantity which takes values in the positive integers and is non-decreasing in time. For classical continuous-

S. O. Potashin, L. E. Golub, V. Yu. Kachorovskii

We study thermoelectric and viscous contributions to the ratchet effect, i.e. radiation-induced generation of the direct electric current, $J_{\rm rat},$ in asymmetric dual-grating gate structure without inversion center. Previously [E.M\"onch et al, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 105}, 045404 (2022)], it was demonstrated that frequency dependence of the $J_{\rm rat}$ is

Benjamin Gregg, Daniela Calzetti, Angela Adamo, Varun Bajaj

We present maps of ionized gas (traced by Pa$\alpha$ and Br$\alpha$) and 3.3 $\mu$m Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emission in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 628, derived from new JWST/NIRCam data from the FEAST survey. With this data, we investigate and calibrate the relation between 3.3 $\mu$m PAH emission and star formation rate (SFR) in and around e

Sanfeng Wu

In strongly correlated quantum materials, electrons behave in ways that often extend beyond the confines of conventional Fermi-liquid theory. Interesting results include the observation of low-temperature metallic behavior in systems that are highly resistive. Here we provide an overview of experiments in which insulators exhibit characteristics of a metal s

Niket Thakkar, Sonia Jindal, Katherine Rosenfeld

This paper develops mathematical tools to estimate seasonal changes in measles transmission rates and corresponding variation in population susceptibility. The tools are designed to leverage times series of cases in the absence of demographic data. In particular, we focus on publicly available suspected case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO),

Yuanjun Shen, Boyi Tang, Shuai Gao, Kin-Fai Tong

While multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies continue to advance, concerns arise as to how MIMO can remain scalable if more users are to be accommodated with an increasing number of antennas at the base station (BS) in the upcoming sixth generation (6G). Recently, the concept of fluid antenna system (FAS) has emerged, which promotes position flex

Carlotta Tagliaro, Martina Komsic, Andrea Continella, Kevin Borgolte

Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, ranging from smart home assistants to health devices, are pervasive: Forecasts estimate their number to reach 29 billion by 2030. Understanding the security of their machine-to-machine communication is crucial. Prior work focused on identifying devices' vulnerabilities or proposed protocol-specific solutions. Instead, we inv

Owen Drummond

Energy minimizing maps (E.M.M.s) play a central role in the calculus of variations, partial differential equations (PDEs), and geometric analysis. These maps are often embedded into $C^\infty$ Riemannian manifolds to minimize the Dirichlet Energy functional under certain prescribed conditions. For understanding physical phenomena where systems naturally evol

Sihan Zeng, Thinh T. Doan

Two-time-scale optimization is a framework introduced in Zeng et al. (2024) that abstracts a range of policy evaluation and policy optimization problems in reinforcement learning (RL). Akin to bi-level optimization under a particular type of stochastic oracle, the two-time-scale optimization framework has an upper level objective whose gradient evaluation de

Xianjing Dong

We consider the classical Picard's problem for non-parabolic complete K\"ahler manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature. Based on the global Green function approach, we give a positive answer to Picard's problem under certain condition by developing Nevanlinna theory. That is, we prove that every meromorphic function on such a manifold reduces to a consta

Spandan Mondal

Since the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, significant progress has been made in measuring several properties related to the Higgs boson. The large dataset available now facilitates precise measurements of the Higgs boson mass, natural width, couplings, production cross sections, and even differential and fiducial cross sections. The latest precision me

Nathan C. L. Kong, Dae Lee, Huyen Do, Dae Hoon Park

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) and photoplethysmograms (PPGs) are generally used to monitor an individual's cardiovascular health. In clinical settings, ECGs and fingertip PPGs are the main signals used for assessing cardiovascular health, but the equipment necessary for their collection precludes their use in daily monitoring. Although PPGs obtained from wrist-w

Hajer Mhalla, Mohamed Aymen Saied

The software industry is experiencing a surge in the adoption of Continuous Integration (CI) practices, both in commercial and open-source environments. CI practices facilitate the seamless integration of code changes by employing automated building and testing processes. Some frameworks, such as Travis CI and GitHub Actions have significantly contributed to

Joshua Cooper, Gabrielle Tauscheck

In 1971, Graham and Pollak provided a formula for the determinant of the distance matrix of any tree on $n$ vertices. Yan and Yeh reproved this by exploiting the fact that pendant vertices can be deleted from trees without changing the remaining entries of the distance matrix. Considering failures of their argument to generalize invites the question: which g

Gautam Yadav, Paulo F. Carvalho, Elizabeth A. McLaughlin, Kenneth R. Koedinger

This study examines the effects of question type and feedback on learning outcomes in a hybrid graduate-level course. By analyzing data from 32 students over 30,198 interactions, we assess the efficacy of unique versus repeated questions and the impact of feedback on student learning. The findings reveal students demonstrate significantly better knowledge ge

Tapan Jana, Subhankar Pal, Amit Shaw, L. S. Ramachandra

Large deformation analysis in geomechanics plays an important role in understanding the nature of post-failure flows and hazards associated with landslides under different natural calamities. In this study, a SPH framework is proposed for large deformation and failure analysis of geomaterials. An adaptive B-spline kernel function in combination with a pressu

Konstantinos Kostaros, Padelis Papadopoulos, George Pappas

Light-ring bifurcations that can occur for prolate non-Kerr compact objects can leave an indelible signature on SMBH shadows as a fractal sequence of eyebrow-like formations. These fractal features are the result of two properties of these spacetimes. The first is that they allow for multiple escapes for the photons (throats in the effective potential of pho

Omar Antolín-Camarena, Bernardo Villarreal

We study the homotopy type of spaces of commuting elements in connected nilpotent Lie groups, via almost commuting elements in their Lie algebras. We give a necessary and sufficient condition on the fundamental group of such a Lie group $G$ to ensure $\mathrm{Hom}(\mathbb{Z}^k,G)$ is path-connected. In particular for the reduced upper unitriangular groups an

Lina Castiblanco, Cora Uhlemann, Joachim Harnois-Déraps, Alexandre Barthelemy

In this work, we demonstrate the constraining power of the tomographic weak lensing convergence PDF for StageIV-like source galaxy redshift bins and shape noise. We focus on scales of $10$ to $20$ arcmin in the mildly nonlinear regime, where the convergence PDF and its changes with cosmological parameters can be predicted theoretically. We model the impact o

Tomáš Husek

This work aims to review several aspects of the current status of the rare $\pi^0\to e^+e^-$ decay. A particular emphasis is made on radiative corrections and detailed interpretation of related quantities, some numbers appearing in the literature are updated, and the connection with the Dalitz decay, $\pi^0\to e^+e^-\gamma$, is discussed. This comes timely a

Manlio De Domenico, Luca Allegri, Guido Caldarelli, Valeria d'Andrea

The adoption of digital twins (DTs) in precision medicine is increasingly viable, propelled by extensive data collection and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), alongside traditional biomedical methodologies. However, the reliance on black-box predictive models, which utilize large datasets, presents limitations that could impede the broader applic

Christopher Plumberg, Dekrayat Almaalol, Travis Dore, Débora Mroczek

Conservation laws play a crucial role in the modeling of heavy-ion collisions, including the those for charges such as baryon number (B), strangeness (S), and electric charge (Q). In this study, we present a new 2+1 relativistic viscous hydrodynamic code called CCAKE which uses the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) formalism to locally conserve BSQ charg

Zhenying Chen, Hasan Ahmed, Cora Hirst, Rustom Antia

In vivo in infection, virions are constantly produced and die rapidly. In contrast, most antibody binding assays do not include such features. Motivated by this, we considered virions with n=100 binding sites in simple mathematical models with and without the production of virions. In the absence of viral production, at steady state, the distribution of viri

Alex T. Grigas, Zhuoyi Liu, Jack A. Logan, Mark D. Shattuck

Proteins fold to a specific functional conformation with a densely packed hydrophobic core that controls their stability. We develop a geometric, yet all-atom model for proteins that explains the universal core packing fraction of $\phi_c=0.55$ found in experimental measurements. We show that as the hydrophobic interactions increase relative to the temperatu

Bedilia Estrada-Torres, Adela del-Río-Ortega, Manuel Resinas

How decisions are being made is of utmost importance within organizations. The explicit representation of business logic facilitates identifying and adopting the criteria needed to make a particular decision and drives initiatives to automate repetitive decisions. The last decade has seen a surge in both the adoption of decision modeling standards such as DM

Steven W. Hall, Porhouy Minh, Sapna Sarupria

Understanding the mechanisms underlying crystal formation is crucial. For most systems, crystallization typically goes through a nucleation process that involves dynamics that happen at short time and length scales. Due to this, molecular dynamics serves as a powerful tool to study this phenomenon. Existing approaches to study the mechanism often focus analy

Bruno P. Schnepper, Danilo Cius, Fabiano M. Andrade

Nonclassical states are an important class of states in quantum mechanics, particularly for applications in quantum information theory. Optomechanical systems are invaluable platforms for exploring and harnessing these states. In this study, we focus on a mirror-in-the-middle optomechanical system. In the absence of losses, a separable state, composed of the

Necdet Gurkan, Mohammed Almarzouq, Pon Rahul Murugaraj

Social media platforms have implemented automated content moderation tools to preserve community norms and mitigate online hate and harassment. Recently, these platforms have started to offer Personalized Content Moderation (PCM), granting users control over moderation settings or aligning algorithms with individual user preferences. While PCM addresses the

Thomas Colas

When energy is not conserved, imprints of new physics on observable cosmology might not follow the rules of local effective actions. By capturing dissipative and diffusive effects, open effective field theories account for the possibly non-Hamiltonian evolution of cosmological inhomogeneities interacting with an unspecified environment. In this proceeding, w

Wenjun Chen, Adrien Izzet, Ruben Zakine, Eric Clément

Swimming droplets are a class of active particles whose motility changes as a function of time due to shrinkage and self-avoidance of their trail. Here we combine experiments and theory to show that our non-Markovian droplet (NMD) model, akin to a true self-avoiding walk [1], quantitatively captures droplet motion. We thus estimate the effective temperature

József Balogh, Ramon I. Garcia, Michael C. Wigal

We say a finite poset $P$ is a tree poset if its Hasse diagram is a tree. Let $k$ be the length of the largest chain contained in $P$. We show that when $P$ is a fixed tree poset, the number of $P$-free set systems in $2^{[n]}$ is $2^{(1+o(1))(k-1){n \choose \lfloor n/2\rfloor}}$. The proof uses a generalization of a theorem by Boris Bukh together with a var

Sara Rezaei Kh., Henrik Beuther, Robert A. Benjamin, Anna-Christina Eilers

Understanding the 3D structure of the Milky Way is a crucial step in deriving properties of the star-forming regions, as well as the Galaxy as a whole. We present a novel 3D map of the Milky Way plane that extends to 10 kpc distance from the Sun. We leverage the wealth of information in the near-IR APOGEE dataset and combine that with our state-of-the-art 3D

Aaron Ouellette, Gilbert Holder

The IceCube neutrino telescope has detected a diffuse flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, but the sources of this flux have largely remained elusive. Using the 10-year IceCube public dataset, we search for correlations between neutrino events and tracers of large-scale structure (LSS). We conduct a combined cross-correlation analysis using several w

Adam Erickson, Qihan Zhang, Hamed Vakili, Chaozhong Li

Topologically protected magnetic skyrmions in magnetic materials are stabilized by interfacial or bulk Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Interfacial DMI decays with increase of the magnetic layer thickness in just a few nanometers and bulk DMI typically stabilizes magnetic skyrmions at low temperatures. Consequently, more flexibility in manipulation o

Otavio A. D. Molitor, André H. A. Malavazi, Roberto Dobal Baldijão, Alexandre C. Orthey

The superposition of causal order shows promise in various quantum technologies. However, the fragility of quantum systems arising from environmental interactions, leading to dissipative behavior and irreversibility, demands a deeper understanding of the possible instabilities in the coherent control of causal orders. In this work, we employ a collisional mo

Myank Singhal, Ladislav Šubr, Jaroslav Haas

This study focuses on the long-term evolution of two bodies in nearby initially coplanar orbits around a central dominant body perturbed by a fourth body on a distant Keplerian orbit. Our previous works that considered this setup enforced circular orbits by adding a spherical potential of extended mass, which dampens Kozai--Lidov oscillations; it led to two

Luigi Favaro, Ayodele Ore, Sofia Palacios Schweitzer, Tilman Plehn

Detector simulations are an exciting application of modern generative networks. Their sparse high-dimensional data combined with the required precision poses a serious challenge. We show how combining Conditional Flow Matching with transformer elements allows us to simulate the detector phase space reliably. Namely, we use an autoregressive transformer to si

Pratik Nandy, Apollonas S. Matsoukas-Roubeas, Pablo Martínez-Azcona, Anatoly Dymarsky

The dynamics of quantum systems unfolds within a subspace of the state space or operator space, known as the Krylov space. This review presents the use of Krylov subspace methods to provide an efficient description of quantum evolution and quantum chaos, with emphasis on nonequilibrium phenomena of many-body systems with a large Hilbert space. It provides a

Gal Shavit, Yuval Oreg

In the presence of strong electronic interactions, a partially filled Chern band may stabilize a fractional Chern insulator (FCI) state, the zero-field analog of the fractional quantum Hall phase. While FCIs have long been hypothesized, feasible solid-state realizations only recently emerged, largely due to the rise of moir\'e materials. In these systems, th

Harry Buhrman, Dmitry Grinko, Philip Verduyn Lunel, Jordi Weggemans

The quantum analogue of the equality function, known as the quantum state identity problem, is the task of deciding whether $n$ unknown quantum states are equal or unequal, given the promise that all states are either pairwise orthogonal or identical. Under the one-sided error requirement, it is known that the permutation test is optimal for this task, and f

Yong Du, Xiao-Gang He, Jian-Ping Ma, Xin-Yu Du

We systematically investigate tests of the parity P and the combined parity and charge-conjugate CP symmetries from differential angular distributions of $J/\psi$ decaying into the lowest-lying baryon pairs at BESIII and the next-generation super tau-charm facilities (STCFs). Large corrections from $Z$ and $W$ exchange induced parity violating effects are fo

Viktor Hrannar Jónsson, Paul J. McMillan

We determine the influence of the Milky Way's warp on the kinematics of stars across the disc, and therefore measure its precession rate and line of nodes under different assumptions. We do this by applying Jeans' first equation to a model of a rigidly precessing warp. The predictions of these models are fit to the average vertical velocities of stars with m

Shivam Burman, Paras Sharma, Sunil Malik, Suprit Singh

Probing magnetic fields in high-redshift galactic systems is crucial to investigate galactic dynamics and evolution. Utilizing the rotation measure of the background quasars, we have developed a radial profile of the magnetic field in a typical high-$z$ galaxy. We have compiled a catalog of 59 confirmed quasar sightlines, having one intervening Mg \rom{2} ab

Aritra Das, Lorcán O. Conlon, Jun Suzuki, Simon K. Yung

In multi-parameter quantum metrology, the resource of entanglement can lead to an increase in efficiency of the estimation process. Entanglement can be used in the state preparation stage, or the measurement stage, or both, to harness this advantage; here we focus on the role of entangling measurements. Specifically, entangling or collective measurements ove

Eva Zlimen, Elizabeth Bailey, Ruth Murray-Clay

In the Nice model of solar system formation, Uranus and Neptune undergo an orbital upheaval, sweeping through a planetesimal disk. The region of the disk from which material is accreted by the ice giants during this phase of their evolution has not previously been identified. We perform direct N-body orbital simulations of the four giant planets to determine

Basabendu Barman, Nicolás Bernal, Simon Cléry, Yann Mambrini

In this talk, based on arXiv:2301.11345, arXiv:2305.16388, arXiv:2311.12694, we discuss the production of primordial gravitational waves (GW) sourced by graviton bremsstrahlung during inflationary reheating. For reheating, we consider inflaton decays and annihilations into pairs of bosons or fermions, assuming an inflaton $\phi$ that oscillates around a gene

A. L. Faisst, L. Yang, M. Brinch, C. M. Casey

We study of the role of galaxy-galaxy interactions and disk instabilities in producing starburst activity in galaxies out to z = 4. For this, we use a sample of 387 galaxies with robust total star formation rate measurements from Herschel, gas masses from ALMA, stellar masses and redshifts from multi-band photometry, and JWST/NIRCam rest-frame optical imagin

Arno Vanthieghem, Vasileios Tsiolis, Anatoly Spitkovsky, Yasushi Todo

The energy partition in high Mach number collisionless shock waves is central to a wide range of high-energy astrophysical environments. We present a new theoretical model for electron heating that accounts for the energy exchange between electrons and ions at the shock. The fundamental mechanism relies on the difference in inertia between electrons and ions

Yi-Ming Wu, Chaitanya Murthy, Steven A. Kivelson

Inspired by the observation of increasingly one-dimensional (1D) behavior with decreasing temperature in small-angle twisted bilayers of WTe$_2$ (tWTe$_2$), we theoretically explore the exotic sliding regimes that could be realized in tWTe$_2$. At zero displacement field, while hole-doped tWTe$_2$ can be thought of as an array of weakly coupled conventional

Yifan Zhang, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Georgios Styliaris

Preparing long-range entangled states poses significant challenges for near-term quantum devices. It is known that measurement and feedback (MF) can aid this task by allowing the preparation of certain paradigmatic long-range entangled states with only constant circuit depth. Here we systematically explore the structure of states that can be prepared using c

Paolo Creminelli, Oliver Janssen, Borna Salehian, Leonardo Senatore

We study the constraints imposed on the electromagnetic response of general media by microcausality (commutators of local fields vanish outside the light cone) and positivity of the imaginary parts (the medium can only absorb energy from the external field). The equations of motion for the average electromagnetic field in a medium -- the macroscopic Maxwell

Ludovico Lami, Francesco Anna Mele, Bartosz Regula

Quantum information theory is plagued by the problem of regularisations, which require the evaluation of formidable asymptotic quantities. This makes it computationally intractable to gain a precise quantitative understanding of the ultimate efficiency of key operational tasks such as entanglement manipulation. Here we consider the problem of computing the a

Sushmita Agarwal, Amit Shukla, Karl Mannheim, Bhargav Vaidya

Relativistic jets from accreting supermassive black holes at cosmological distances can be powerful emitters of $\gamma$-rays. However, the precise mechanisms and locations responsible for the dissipation of energy within these jets, leading to observable $\gamma$-ray radiation, remain elusive. We detect evidence for an intrinsic absorption feature in the $\

Sheng-Jie Huang

We utilize the topological holographic framework to characterize and gain insights into the nature of quantum critical points and gapless phases in fermionic quantum systems. Topological holography is a general framework that describes the generalized global symmetry and the symmetry charges of a local quantum system in terms of a slab of a topological order

Francesco Costantino, Yang-Hui He, Elli Heyes, Edward Hirst

Real 3-manifold triangulations can be uniquely represented by isomorphism signatures. Databases of these isomorphism signatures are generated for a variety of 3-manifolds and knot complements, using SnapPy and Regina, then these language-like inputs are used to train various machine learning architectures to differentiate the manifolds, as well as their Dehn

Pavel Kroupa, Jan Pflamm-Altenburg, Sergij Mazurenko, Wenjie Wu

Stars that evaporate from their star cluster by the energy equipartition process end up either in a leading or a trailing tidal tail. In Newtonian gravitation and for open star clusters in the Solar vicinity, the tidal threshold, or prah, for escape is symmetrical, such that the leading and trailing tails are equally populated. The data by six independent te

Nima Arkani-Hamed, Carolina Figueiredo

The most important aspects of scattering amplitudes have long been thought to be associated with their poles. But recently a very different sort of "split" factorizations for a wide range of particle and string tree amplitudes have been discovered away from poles. In this paper, we give a simple, conceptual origin for these splits arising from natural proper

Michael Geller, Soubhik Kumar, Lian-Tao Wang

Multiple fields can become dynamical during the inflationary epoch. We consider an example where a light field acquires isocurvature fluctuations during inflation and contributes to the dark matter abundance at late times. Interactions between the light field and the adiabatic sector contribute to mixed adiabatic-isocurvature non-Gaussianity (NG). We show th

Yunhao Ge, Yihe Tang, Jiashu Xu, Cem Gokmen

The systematic evaluation and understanding of computer vision models under varying conditions require large amounts of data with comprehensive and customized labels, which real-world vision datasets rarely satisfy. While current synthetic data generators offer a promising alternative, particularly for embodied AI tasks, they often fall short for computer vi

David Russell, Ben Weinstein, David Wettergreen, Derek Young

Aerial imagery is increasingly used in Earth science and natural resource management as a complement to labor-intensive ground-based surveys. Aerial systems can collect overlapping images that provide multiple views of each location from different perspectives. However, most prediction approaches (e.g. for tree species classification) use a single, synthesiz

Simmaco Di Lillo, Domenico Marinucci, Michele Salvi, Stefano Vigogna

It is well-known that randomly initialized, push-forward, fully-connected neural networks weakly converge to isotropic Gaussian processes, in the limit where the width of all layers goes to infinity. In this paper, we propose to use the angular power spectrum of the limiting field to characterize the complexity of the network architecture. In particular, we

Luigi Negro

We study elliptic and parabolic problems governed by the singular elliptic operators $$ \mathcal L=y^{\alpha_1}\mbox{Tr }\left(QD^2_x\right)+2y^{\frac{\alpha_1+\alpha_2}{2}}q\cdot \nabla_xD_y+\gamma y^{\alpha_2} D_{yy}+y^{\frac{\alpha_1+\alpha_2}{2}-1}\left(d,\nabla_x\right)+cy^{\alpha_2-1}D_y-by^{\alpha_2-2}$$ in the half-space $\mathcal{R}^{N+1}_+=\{(x,y):

Chengyu Wu, Chengkai Wang, Yaqi Wang, Huiyu Zhou

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and ranks sixth in cancer-related mortality. Accurate computer-assisted diagnosis of cancer progression can help physicians effectively customize personalized treatment plans. Currently, CT-based cancer diagnosis methods have received much attention for their comprehensive ability to exami

Natalia Shabala, R. Matthias Geilhufe

The phonon inverse Faraday effect describes the emergence of a DC magnetization due to circularly polarized phonons. In this work we present a microscopic formalism for the phonon inverse Faraday effect. The formalism is based on time-dependent second order perturbation theory and electron phonon coupling. While our final equation is general and material ind

Alessio Recati, Sandro Stringari

Can a gas behave like a crystal? Supersolidity is an intriguing and challenging state of matter which combines key features of superfluids and crystals. Predicted a long time ago, its experimental realization has been recently achieved in Bose-Einstein condensed (BEC) atomic gases inside optical resonators, spin-orbit coupled BEC's and atomic gases interacti

Takuo Matsubara

Gradient boosting is a sequential ensemble method that fits a new weaker learner to pseudo residuals at each iteration. We propose Wasserstein gradient boosting, a novel extension of gradient boosting that fits a new weak learner to alternative pseudo residuals that are Wasserstein gradients of loss functionals of probability distributions assigned at each i

Emanuele Loffredo, Mauro Pastore, Simona Cocco, Rémi Monasson

Class imbalance in real-world data poses a common bottleneck for machine learning tasks, since achieving good generalization on under-represented examples is often challenging. Mitigation strategies, such as under or oversampling the data depending on their abundances, are routinely proposed and tested empirically, but how they should adapt to the data stati

Ezgi Ozyilkan, Fabrizio Carpi, Siddharth Garg, Elza Erkip

The relay channel, consisting of a source-destination pair along with a relay, is a fundamental component of cooperative communications. While the capacity of a general relay channel remains unknown, various relaying strategies, including compress-and-forward (CF), have been proposed. In CF, the relay forwards a quantized version of its received signal to th

Andrzej Pokraka, Smita Rajan, Lecheng Ren, Anastasia Volovich

We develop a spinor helicity formalism for five-dimensional scattering amplitudes of any mass and spin configuration. While five-dimensional spinor helicity variables have been previously studied in the context of N=2,4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes with spin less than two arXiv:2202.08257, we propose an alternative viewpoint that stems fro

Jeffrey S. Case, Zetian Yan

We prove that the curved Ovsienko--Redou operators and a related family of differential operators are formally self-adjoint. This verifies two conjectures of Case, Lin, and Yuan.

Elias Rudberg

This paper outlines a method aiming to increase the efficiency of proof-of-work based blockchains using a ticket-based approach. To avoid the limitation of serially adding one block at a time to a blockchain, multiple semi-independent chains are used such that several valid blocks can be added in parallel, when they are added to separate chains. Blocks are a

Saad Masrur, Ismail Guvenc, David Lopez-Perez

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks, integral to 5G communication, offer a vast spectrum that addresses the issue of spectrum scarcity and enhances peak rate and capacity. However, their dense deployment, necessary to counteract propagation losses, leads to high power consumption. An effective strategy to reduce this energy consumption in mobile networks is th

Anna Tokareva

We start from the assumption that the theory of gravity can be formulated in terms of 4-dimensional action, and there are only 2 graviton polarization states, as in general relativity. It can be a non-perturbative effective action discussed in the asymptotic safety program or the result of some other UV modification of the general relativity making it a comp

Francesco Giovanni Celiberto

Inspired by the recent finding that semi-inclusive detections of heavy hadrons exhibit fair stabilization patterns in high-energy resummed distributions against (missing) higher-order corrections, we review and extend our studies on the hadroproduction of light and heavy hadrons tagged in forward and far-forward rapidity ranges. We analyze the NLL/NLO+ behav

Thomas Nikolaus, Maria Yakerson

We give a direct construction of the ring spectrum of spherical Witt vectors of a perfect $\mathbb{F}_p$-algebra R as the completion of the spherical monoid algebra $\mathbb{S}[R]$ of the multiplicative monoid $(R,\cdot)$ at the ideal $I = \mathrm{fib}(\mathbb{S}[R] \to R)$. This generalizes a construction of Cuntz and Deninger. We also use this to give a de

Daniel Grier, Sihan Liu, Gaurav Mahajan

We study the sample complexity of the classical shadows task: what is the fewest number of copies of an unknown state you need to measure to predict expected values with respect to some class of observables? Large joint measurements are likely required in order to minimize sample complexity, but previous joint measurement protocols only work when the unknown

Vismaya V S, Alok Hareendran, Bharath V Nair, Sishu Shankar Muni

This paper explores the prediction of subsequent steps in H\'enon Map using various machine learning techniques. The H\'enon map, well known for its chaotic behaviour, finds applications in various fields including cryptography, image encryption, and pattern recognition. Machine learning methods, particularly deep learning, are increasingly essential for und

Angel Gonzalez-Lizardo, Gretchen Morales, Jairo Rondon, Jennifer Santiago

Water purification via plasma is considered a healthy, effective alternative to traditional water purification systems due to the lack of harmful chemical additives that traditional purification systems use. A reactor capable of eliminating bacteria colonies from contaminated water using plasma discharge was designed and tested. Materials and reactor paramet

Hasan Sabri Melihcan Erol, Lizhong Zheng

We study the problem of estimating the joint probability mass function (pmf) over two random variables. In particular, the estimation is based on the observation of $m$ samples containing both variables and $n$ samples missing one fixed variable. We adopt the minimax framework with $l^p_p$ loss functions. Recent work established that univariate minimax estim

Artur Grigorev, Giorgio Becherini, Michael J. Black, Otmar Hilliges

Learning-based approaches to cloth simulation have started to show their potential in recent years. However, handling collisions and intersections in neural simulations remains a largely unsolved problem. In this work, we present \moniker{}, a learning-based solution for handling intersections in neural cloth simulations. Unlike conventional approaches that

Tilman Hinnerichs, Robin Manhaeve, Giuseppe Marra, Sebastijan Dumancic

Neuro-symbolic systems (NeSy), which claim to combine the best of both learning and reasoning capabilities of artificial intelligence, are missing a core property of reasoning systems: Declarativeness. The lack of declarativeness is caused by the functional nature of neural predicates inherited from neural networks. We propose and implement a general framewo

Alexander Dunlap, Cole Graham

We study 2D nonlinear stochastic heat equations under a logarithmically attenuated white-noise limit with subcritical coupling. We show that solutions asymptotically exhibit Edwards-Wilkinson fluctuations. This extends work of Ran Tao, which required a stricter condition on the coupling. Part of the limiting fluctuation is measurable with respect to the orig

Joseph M. Southgate, Katrina Groth, Peter Sandborn, Shapour Azarm

Recent developments in condition-based maintenance (CBM) have helped make it a promising approach to maintenance cost avoidance in engineering systems. By performing maintenance based on conditions of the component with regards to failure or time, there is potential to avoid the large costs of system shutdown and maintenance delays. However, CBM requires a l

Anna A. Ivanova, Aalok Sathe, Benjamin Lipkin, Unnathi Kumar

The ability to build and reason about models of the world is essential for situated language understanding. But evaluating world modeling capabilities in modern AI systems -- especially those based on language models -- has proven challenging, in large part because of the difficulty of disentangling conceptual knowledge about the world from knowledge of surf

Joon-Hwi Kim

It is shown that a complex coordinate transformation maps the Taub-NUT instanton metric to a Kerr-Schild metric. This metric involves a semi-infinite line defect as the gravitational analog of the Dirac string, much like the original metric. Moreover, it facilitates three versions of classical double copy correspondence with the self-dual dyon in electromagn

Joint Physics Analysis Center, :, K. Quirion, C. Fernández-Ramírez

The structure of hadronic form factors at high energies and their deviations from perturbative quantum chromodynamics provide insight on nonperturbative dynamics. Using an approach that is consistent with dispersion relations, we construct a model that simultaneously accounts for the pion wave function, gluonic exchanges, and quark Reggeization. In particula