March 2025 arXiv papers — page 201

Arsalan Ali Malik, Harshvadan Mihir, Aydin Aysu

Fault injection attacks represent a class of threats that can compromise embedded systems across multiple layers of abstraction, such as system software, instruction set architecture (ISA), microarchitecture, and physical implementation. Early detection of these vulnerabilities and understanding their root causes along with their propagation from the physica

Yefei Ma

We study the equidistribution of integers of the form $n= x_1^2 + \cdots + x_d^2$ under the arithmetic constraints given by $(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^d$. The first step in addressing this problem is to construct modular forms whose Fourier expansion coefficients correspond to the counting problem over the quadric in $\mathbb{Z}^d$ induced by the standard qua

Aldo Vera

The self-gravitating skyrmion is an exact solution of the Einstein $SU(2)$-Skyrme model describing a topological soliton with baryon number $B=1$, living in a $4$-dimensional space-time in the presence of a cosmological constant. Here we show that, using the maximal embedding Ansatz of $SU(2)$ into $SU(N)$ in the Euler angles parametrization, this solution c

Gregory L. Wagner, Navid C. Constantinou

This paper explores decaying turbulence beneath surface waves that is initially isotropic and shear-free. We start by presenting phenomenology revealed by wave-averaged numerical simulations: an accumulation of angular momentum in coherent vortices perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, suppression of kinetic energy dissipation, and the developm

Haojie Hu, Kohei Inayoshi, Zoltan Haiman, Luis C. Ho

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts of $z\gtrsim 4-7$, many of which host accreting massive black holes (BHs) with BH-to-galaxy mass ($M_{\rm BH}/M_{\star}$) ratios exceeding the local values by more than an order of magnitude. The origin of these overmassive BHs remains unclear but req

Bo-Ting Chen, Michael G. Scheer, Biao Lian

We show that intervalley coupling can be induced in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) by aligning the bottom graphene layer with either of two types of commensurate insulating triangular Bravais lattice substrate. The intervalley coupling folds the $\pm K$ valleys of TBG to the $\Gamma$-point and hybridizes the original TBG flat bands into a four-band model equ

Mario Motta, Antonio Mezzacapo, Giacomo Guarnieri

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are a set of inequalities expressing a fundamental trade-off between precision and dissipation in non-equilibrium classical and quantum thermodynamic processes. TURs show that achieving low fluctuations in a thermodynamic quantity (e.g., heat or work) requires a minimum entropy production, with profound implications

Xuandong Sun, Longcheng Li, Zhiyi Wu, Zechen Guo

Quantum error correction (QEC) protects quantum systems against inevitable noises and control inaccuracies, providing a pathway towards fault-tolerant (FT) quantum computation. Stabilizer codes, including surface code and color code, have long been the focus of research and have seen significant experimental progress in recent years. Recently proposed time-d

Shuhui Zhu, Baoxiang Wang, Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart

The partial alignment and conflict of autonomous agents lead to mixed-motive scenarios in many real-world applications. However, agents may fail to cooperate in practice even when cooperation yields a better outcome. One well known reason for this failure comes from non-credible commitments. To facilitate commitments among agents for better cooperation, we d

Krisztián Szabó, Csaba Fábri, Gábor J. Halász, Ágnes Vibók

Light-induced nonadiabatic effects can arise from the interaction of a molecule with the quantized electromagnetic field of a Fabry--P\'erot or plasmonic nanocavity. In this context, the quantized radiation field mixes the vibrational, rotational, and electronic degrees of freedom. In this work, we investigate the photodissociation dynamics of a rotating hyd

Pawel Sikora, Szymon Skibicki, Mehdi Chougan, Piotr Szewczyk

This study examines the impact of replacing up to 5 vol% of Portland cement (PC) with both pristine Bi2O3/Gd2O3 (BG) and silica-coated BG particles. Two different types of silica coatings, each with varying synthesis methods, were applied to coat the BG structures, and their impact on the fresh, hardened, microstructure and radiation-shielding performances o

Oliver Roman Opaluch, Sebastian Westrich, Nimba Oshnik, Philipp Fuchs

We investigate the novel electron beam resist Medusa 84 SiH by Allresist GmbH (Germany) for nanostructuring of single crystal diamond and its effects on the spin properties of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in nanopillars as prototypes for photonic structures. We find contrast curves comparable to those of resists previously used for this task (Hydrogensilseq

Brian E. Wood, Phillip Hess

We present a 3-D morphological and field reconstruction of a coronal mass ejection (CME) from 2023 November 28, which hits three spacecraft near 1 au: Wind at Earth's L1 Lagrange point; STEREO-A with a longitudinal separation of $6.5^{\circ}$ west of Earth; and Solar Orbiter (SolO) at $10.7^{\circ}$ east of Earth. The reconstruction assumes a magnetic flux r

Emmy Liu, Amanda Bertsch, Lintang Sutawika, Lindia Tjuatja

Improvements in language model capabilities are often attributed to increasing model size or training data, but in some cases smaller models trained on curated data or with different architectural decisions can outperform larger ones trained on more tokens. What accounts for this? To quantify the impact of these design choices, we meta-analyze 92 open-source

Aaron Landesman, Ishan Levy

We show the homology of the Hurwitz space associated to an arbitrary finite rack stabilizes integrally in a suitable sense. We also compute the dominant part of its stable homology after inverting finitely many primes. This proves a conjecture of Ellenberg--Venkatesh--Westerland and improves upon our previous results for non-splitting racks. We obtain applic

Shiva Kaul, Min-Gyu Kim

Covariate balancing is a popular technique for controlling confounding in observational studies. It finds weights for the treatment group which are close to uniform, but make the group's covariate means (approximately) equal to those of the entire sample. A crucial question is: how approximate should the balancing be, in order to minimize the error of the fi

Zhirayr Avetisyan

On a complete, connected, non-compact Riemannian manifold, with Ricci curvature bounded from below, we establish exponential decay estimates at infinity for the spherical sums of the resolvent kernel, i.e., the integral kernel of the resolvent $(-\Delta+\lambda)^{-1}$ of the Laplace-Beltrami operator for $\lambda>0$. The exponential decay rate in these estim

Alejandro García Figal, Alejandro Lage Castellanos, Roberto Mulet

This study pioneers the application of the market microstructure framework to an informal financial market. By scraping data from websites and social media about the Cuban informal currency market, we model the dynamics of bid/ask intentions using a Limit Order Book (LOB). This approach enables us to study key characteristics such as liquidity, stability and

Yann Gouttenoire

In order to explain the large amplitude of the nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational wave background observed in pulsar timing arrays (PTA), primordial sources must be particularly energetic. This is correlated to the generation of large density fluctuations, later collapsing into ultra-compact mini-halo (UCMHs). We demonstrate that if dark matter is made of W

Pinjun Zheng, Md. Jahangir Hossain, Anas Chaaban

Beampattern synthesis seeks to optimize array weights to shape radiation patterns, playing a critical role in various wireless applications. In addition to theoretical advancements, recent hardware innovations have facilitated new avenues to enhance beampattern synthesis performance. This paper studies the beampattern synthesis problem using newly proposed e

Mick Gielen

The canonical dimension is an invariant attached to admissible representations of p-adic reductive groups, which has only received significant attention in the case of mod-p representations. In the case of complex representations, the canonical dimension is closely related to the wavefront set. We find a new lower bound for the canonical dimension of a gener

Iñigo Alonso, Gorka Azkune, Ander Salaberria, Jeremy Barnes

Cross-modal entity linking refers to the ability to align entities and their attributes across different modalities. While cross-modal entity linking is a fundamental skill needed for real-world applications such as multimodal code generation, fake news detection, or scene understanding, it has not been thoroughly studied in the literature. In this paper, we

Kyohei Mukaida, Hideo Iizuka, Kazunori Nakayama

We give a robust formulation to calculate the Casimir energy and Casimir force for plane-parallel multilayer setups with general dielectric constants. We derive recursion relations for multilayer reflection and transmission coefficients in the most general setups, which are essential ingredients for evaluating the Casimir energy. With the use of complex anal

Ali Baigelenov, Prakash Shukla, Zixu Zhang, Paul Parsons

Research on cognitive biases and heuristics has become increasingly popular in the visualization literature in recent years. Researchers have studied the effects of biases on visualization interpretation and subsequent decision-making. While this work is important, we contend that the view on biases has presented human cognitive abilities in an unbalanced ma

Shoshauna Gauvin

We relate Berry-phase control and retained entropy geometry to recoverable coherence, entanglement, and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) correlations. For a depolarized Bell pair subject to recorded phase noise, we determine exact CHSH optima when Bob retains his record and when he compresses it with his qubit into one qubit by any deterministic quantum cha

A. Reguitti, A. Pastorello, S. J. Smartt, G. Valerin

We present photometric and spectroscopic data of the type IIb supernova (SN) 2024abfo in NGC 1493 (at 11 Mpc). The ATLAS survey discovered the object just a few hours after the explosion, and observed a fast rise on the first day. Signs of the sharp shock break-out peak and the subsequent cooling phase are observed in the ultraviolet and the bluest optical b

Mateo Dutra, Álvaro Suárez, Arturo C. Marti

Although physics has become increasingly computational, with computing even being considered the third pillar of physics, it is still not well integrated into physics education. Research suggests that integrating Computational Thinking (CT) into physics enhances conceptual understanding and strengthens students' ability to model and analyze phenomena. Buildi

Linda Huber

In the face of intensified datafication and automation in public sector industries, frameworks like design justice and the feminist practice of refusal provide help to identify and mitigate structural harm and challenge inequities reproduced in digitized infrastructures. This paper applies those frameworks to emerging efforts across the U.S. healthcare indus

Daniel C. Moura, Shizhan Zhu, Orly Zvitia

This paper presents the Nexar Dashcam Collision Prediction Dataset and Challenge, designed to support research in traffic event analysis, collision prediction, and autonomous vehicle safety. The dataset consists of 1,500 annotated video clips, each approximately 40 seconds long, capturing a diverse range of real-world traffic scenarios. Videos are labeled wi

L. Liu, F. Liu, D. Zenkert, M. Åkermo

Many closed-cell foams exhibit an elongated cell shape in the foam rise direction, resulting in anisotropic compressive properties. Nevertheless, the underlying deformation mechanisms and how cell shape anisotropy induces this mechanical anisotropy are not yet fully understood, in particular for the foams with a high cell face fraction and low relative densi

Massimo Villata

By combining general relativity and CPT symmetry, the theory of CPT gravity predicts gravitational repulsion between matter and CPT-transformed matter, i.e. antimatter inhabiting an inverted space-time. Such repulsive gravity turned out to be an excellent candidate for explaining the accelerated expansion of the Universe, without the need for dark energy. Th

M. D. Jiménez, W. J. Díaz, E. Cuestas, A. Valdés-Hernández

Using the Moshinsky model, we analyze the spatial correlation and the entanglement of the ground state across different bipartitions of a system composed by $N$ pairs of harmonically confined fermions of two different interacting species. We find that in the strongly attractive regime fermions tend to localize within a confined region, while Pauli exclusion

Xiaohua Wu, Carlos A. Gonzalez, Rahul Agrawal

We report a comprehensive set of direct numerical simulation benchmarks of bypass transition in the narrow sense with inlet freestream turbulent intensity levels of 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, 3.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. Detailed descriptions of length scales and the rate of viscous dissipation are provided. We ask two key physical questions. First, how do the dec

Biswajit Maji, Nadia Bihari Padhan, Rahul Pandit

We uncover activity-driven crossover from phase separation to a new turbulent state in a two-dimensional system of counter-rotating spinners. We study the statistical properties of this active-rotor turbulence using the active-rotor Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes model, and show that the vorticity $\omega \propto \phi$, the scalar field that distinguishes regio

Brian Pulfer, Yury Belousov, Vitaliy Kinakh, Teddy Furon

The study of security in machine learning mainly focuses on downstream task-specific attacks, where the adversarial example is obtained by optimizing a loss function specific to the downstream task. At the same time, it has become standard practice for machine learning practitioners to adopt publicly available pre-trained vision foundation models, effectivel

Sam Allen, Georgios Gavrilopoulos, Alexander Henzi, Gian-Reto Kleger

Conformal prediction produces a set of predictions that has out-of-sample calibration guarantees by construction, under the assumption of exchangeability. In this work, we study the calibration properties of conformal predictive systems, which issue sets of predictive distributions for real-valued outcomes. We demonstrate that conformal predictive systems im

Abhimanyu Pallavi Sudhir, Long Tran-Thanh

Market-based agents refer to reinforcement learning agents which determine their actions based on an internal market of sub-agents. We introduce a new type of market-based algorithm where the state itself is factored into several axes called ``goods'', which allows for greater specialization and parallelism than existing market-based RL algorithms. Furthermo

Eliza Kosoy, Annya Dahmani, Andrew K. Lampinen, Iulia M. Comsa

Understanding geometry relies heavily on vision. In this work, we evaluate whether state-of-the-art vision language models (VLMs) can understand simple geometric concepts. We use a paradigm from cognitive science that isolates visual understanding of simple geometry from the many other capabilities it is often conflated with such as reasoning and world knowl

Ilay Kamai, Hagai B. Perets

Many stars, including those in binary or multiple systems, exhibit modified rotational evolution due to tidal interactions. While magnetic braking slows rotation in single stars, close binaries experience synchronization from tidal forces, resulting in high spin rates. Thus, fast rotators often signify synchronized binaries or planetary systems. We analyze s

Tsz Wai Ko, Bowen Deng, Marcel Nassar, Luis Barroso-Luque

Graph deep learning models, which incorporate a natural inductive bias for a collection of atoms, are of immense interest in materials science and chemistry. Here, we introduce the Materials Graph Library (MatGL), an open-source graph deep learning library for materials science and chemistry. Built on top of the popular Deep Graph Library (DGL) and Python Ma

Lady Henao, Sandro Villanova, Doug Geisler, José G. Fernández-Trincado

We have performed a detailed abundance analysis of 10 red giant members of the heavily obscured bulge globular cluster HP~1 using high-resolution, high S/N near-infrared spectra collected with the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment II survey (APOGEE-2), obtained as part of the bulge Cluster APOgee Survey (CAPOS). We investigate chemical a

Shashank Shalgar, Irene Tamborra

The impact of neutrino flavor conversion on the supernova mechanism is yet to be fully understood. We present multi-energy and multi-angle solutions of the neutrino quantum kinetic equations in three flavors, without employing any attenuation term for the neutrino self-interaction strength and taking into account neutrino advection and non-forward collisions

Prince Vibek Baruah, Nadia Bihari Padhan, Biswajit Maji, Rahul Pandit

Active turbulence arises typically in systems ranging from microorganisms and biopolymers to synthetic colloids, where chaotic flows are closely associated with motile topological defects in collectively swarming suspensions. Here, we report the first experimental observation of turbulence-like dynamics in a fundamentally different class of systems: dense mo

Lauritz van Luijk, Alexander Stottmeister, Henrik Wilming

We show that the thermodynamic limit of a many-body system can reveal entanglement properties that are hard to detect in finite-size systems -- similar to how phase transitions only sharply emerge in the thermodynamic limit. The resulting operational entanglement properties are in one-to-one correspondence with abstract properties of the local observable alg

Anton Corr, Stefano Cusumano, Gabriele De Chiara

Quantum collision models allow for the dynamics of open quantum systems to be described by breaking the environment into small segments, typically consisting of non-interacting harmonic oscillators or two-level systems. This work introduces structure within these environmental units via spring-like interactions between N coupled oscillators in a ring structu

Evan Sutcliffe, Alejandra Beghelli

We consider the problem of distributing entangled multipartite states across a quantum network with improved distribution rate and fidelity. For this, we propose fidelity-aware multi-path routing protocols, assess their performance in terms of the rate and fidelity of the distributed Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and compare such performance agai

Herbi K. Dreiner, Michael Hank, Yong Sheng Koay, Martin Schürmann

We perform a detailed study of the current phenomenological status of baryon number violating operators within the framework of the $R$-parity violating Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (RPV-MSSM). This study aims to identify any gaps in the experimental coverage of the RPV landscape. We identify the unique final states for all possible LSPs decaying vi

Shuqi Fu, Fengwu Sun, Linhua Jiang, Xiaojing Lin

We measure H$\alpha$ luminosity functions (LFs) at redshifts $z \sim 4.5$ and 6.3 using the JWST MAGNIF (Medium-band Astrophysics with the Grism of NIRCam In Frontier fields) survey. MAGNIF obtained NIRCam grism spectra with the F360M and F480M filters in four Frontier Fields. We identify 248 H$\alpha$ emitters based on the grism spectra and photometric reds

Alexander Schuckert, Stefan Kühn, Kevin C. Smith, Eleanor Crane

We study the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory coupled to soft-core bosonic matter at unit filling, inspired by the Higgs sector of the standard model. Through a combination of analytical perturbative approaches, exact diagonalization, and density-matrix-renormalization-group simulations, we uncover a rich ph

Zijian Liang, Ke Liu, Hao Song, Yu-An Chen

The Kitaev toric code is widely considered one of the leading candidates for error correction in fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, direct methods to increase its logical dimensions, such as lattice surgery or introducing punctures, often incur prohibitive overheads. In this work, we introduce a ring-theoretic approach for efficiently analyzing top

Raunaq Suri, Ilan Gofman, Guangwei Yu, Jesse C. Cresswell

Large-scale data processing is increasingly done using distributed computing frameworks like Apache Spark, which have a considerable number of configurable parameters that affect runtime performance. For optimal performance, these parameters must be tuned to the specific job being run. Tuning commonly requires multiple executions to collect runtime informati

Victor Enguita, Belen Gavela, Thomas Steingasser

The so-called metastability bound on the Higgs mass suggests that the smallness of the Higgs mass may be a byproduct of the metastability of the electroweak vacuum. A significantly strong bound requires new physics capable of lowering the scale where the Higgs quartic coupling turns negative through renormalization group effects, without destabilizing the el

Siddhartha Gurung-López, Chris Byrohl, Max Gronke, Daniele Spinoso

Lyman-Alpha (Lya) photons emitted in star-forming galaxies undergo complex radiative transfer through the interstellar (ISM), circumgalactic (CGM), and intergalactic medium (IGM), imprinting characteristic signatures on their observed line profiles. We use the open-source package zELDA (redshift Estimator for Line profiles of Distant Lyman-Alpha emitters) to

G. D. Zapata, J. Jones-Pérez, A. M. Gago

We constrain the neutrino-dark matter cross-section using the $13 \pm 5$ neutrino event excess observed by IceCube in 2014-2015 from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056. Our analysis takes advantage of the dark matter overdensity spike surrounding the supermassive black hole at the center of the blazar. In our results, we take into account uncertainties

M. A. Arroyo-Ureña, O. Félix-Beltrán, J. Hernández-Sánchez, C. G. Honorato

We study the production of charged scalar boson pairs via photon-induced $H^{-}H^{+}$ in $pp$ collisions at the forthcoming High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The predictions are based on the Two-Higgs Doublet Model type-III, since it predicts large branching ratios of the channel decay $H^{\pm}\to \tau^{\pm}\nu_{\tau}$, which is the one we focu

Markus Q. Huber, Christian S. Fischer, Hèlios Sanchis-Alepuz

We scrutinize the determination of glueball masses in pure Yang-Mills theory from functional equations, i.e. Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations. We survey the state-of-the-art input (dressed propagators and vertices) with an emphasis on the stability of the results under extensions of the employed truncations and explore the importance of different

Evgeny A. Gorbunov, Daniel Grošelj, Fabio Bacchini

We study particle acceleration in strongly turbulent pair plasmas using novel 3D Particle-in-Cell simulations, featuring particle injection from an external heat bath and diffusive escape. We demonstrate the formation of steady-state, nonthermal particle distributions with maximum energies reaching the Hillas limit. The steady state is characterized by the e

Storm Colloms, Christopher P L Berry, John Veitch, Michael Zevin

Binary population synthesis simulations allow detailed modelling of gravitational-wave sources from a variety of formation channels. These population models can be compared to the observed catalogue of merging binaries to infer the uncertain astrophysical input parameters describing binary formation and evolution, as well as relative rates between various fo

A. Marasco, W. J. G. de Blok, F. M. Maccagni, F. Fraternali

Atomic hydrogen (HI) is an ideal tracer of gas flows in and around galaxies, and it is uniquely observable in the nearby Universe. Here we make use of wide-field (~1 square degree), spatially resolved (down to 22"), high-sensitivity (~$10^{18}$ cm$^{-2}$) HI observations of 5 nearby galaxies with stellar mass of $5\times10^{10}$ M$_\odot$, taken with the Mee

Christian K. Jespersen, Peter Melchior, David N. Spergel, Andy D. Goulding

Galaxies are often modelled as composites of separable components with distinct spectral signatures, implying that different wavelength ranges are only weakly correlated. They are not. We present a data-driven model which exploits subtle correlations between physical processes to accurately predict infrared (IR) WISE photometry from a neural summary of optic

Nofar Fridman, Tomer Daniel Feld, Avia Noah, Ayelet Zalic

The coexistence of multiple types of orders is a common thread in condensed matter physics and unconventional superconductors. The nature of superconducting orders may be unveiled by analyzing local perturbations such as vortices. For thin films, the vortex magnetic profile is characterized by the Pearl-length {\Lambda}, which is inversely proportional to th

Adam B. Langeveld, Emily K. Deibert, Mitchell E. Young, Ernst de Mooij

We present the first transmission spectroscopy study of an exoplanet atmosphere with the high-resolution mode of the new Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST) instrument at the Gemini South Observatory. We observed one transit of HAT-P-70 b - an ultra-hot Jupiter with an inflated radius - and made a new detection of the infrared Ca II triplet i

Martin P. Rey, Ethan Taylor, Emily I. Gray, Stacy Y. Kim

We present a new suite of EDGE (`Engineering Dwarfs at Galaxy formation's Edge') cosmological zoom simulations. The suite includes 15 radiation-hydrodynamical dwarf galaxies covering the ultra-faint to the dwarf irregular regime ($10^4 \leq M_{\star}(z=0) \leq 10^8 \, M_{\odot}$) to enable comparisons with observed scaling relations. Each object in the suite

Tri Nguyen, Justin Read, Lina Necib, Siddharth Mishra-Sharma

The Dark Matter (DM) distribution in dwarf galaxies provides crucial insights into both structure formation and the particle nature of DM. GraphNPE (Graph Neural Posterior Estimator), first introduced in Nguyen et al. (2023), is a novel simulation-based inference framework that combines graph neural networks and normalizing flows to infer the DM density prof

Yael Alush, Nicholas C. Stone

In classic time-dependent 1D accretion disk models, the inner radiation pressure dominated regime is viscously unstable. However, late-time observations of accretion disks formed in tidal disruption events (TDEs) do not exhibit evidence of such instabilities. The common theoretical response is to modify the viscosity parametrization, but typically used visco

Tristan Bruel, Astrid Lamberts, Carl L. Rodriguez, Robert Feldmann

The detection of over a hundred gravitational wave signals from double compacts objects have confirmed the existence of such binaries with tight orbits. Two main formation channels are generally considered to explain the formation of these merging binary black holes (BBHs): the isolated evolution of stellar binaries, and the dynamical assembly in dense envir

Andrew J. Larkoski

Metrics for rigorously defining a distance between two events have been used to study the properties of the dataspace manifold of particle collider physics. The probability distribution of pairwise distances on this dataspace is unique with probability 1, and so this suggests a method to search for and identify new physics by the deviation of measurement fro

Mainak Mukhopadhyay, Kohta Murase, Atsushi Naruko, George Zahariade

We study the $1+1$ flat spacetime dynamics of a classical field configuration corresponding to an ensemble of sine-Gordon kinks and antikinks, semi-classically coupled to a quantum field. This coupling breaks the integrability of the sine-Gordon model resulting in the background's decay into quantum radiation as kink-antikink pairs annihilate. We find eviden

Christopher R. Mankovich, A. James Friedson, Marzia Parisi, Stephen Markham

A Uranus orbiter would be well positioned to detect the planet's free oscillation modes, whose frequencies can resolve questions about Uranus's weakly constrained interior. We calculate the spectra that may manifest in resonances with ring orbits or in Doppler imaging of Uranus's visible surface, using a wide range of interior models that satisfy the present

Oliver Zier, Rahul Kannan, Aaron Smith, Ewald Puchwein

Population III (Pop III) stars are the first stars in the Universe, forming from pristine, metal-free gas and marking the end of the cosmic dark ages. Their formation rate is expected to sharply decline after redshift $z \approx 15$ due to metal enrichment from previous generations of stars. In this paper, we analyze 14 zoom-in simulations from the THESAN-ZO

Jeffrey V. Backus, Laurentiu Rodina

Recent investigations into the geometric structure of scattering amplitudes have revealed the surprising existence of "hidden zeros": secret kinematic loci where tree-level amplitudes in Tr$(\phi^3)$ theory, the Non-Linear Sigma Model (NLSM), and Yang-Mills theory vanish. In this Letter, we propose the extension of hidden zeros to one-loop-order in Tr$(\phi^

Alex M. Garcia, Paul Torrey, Aniket Bhagwat, Ruby J. Wright

The metallicity of galaxies, and its variation with galactocentric radius, provides key insights into the formation histories of galaxies and the physical processes driving their evolution. In this work, we analyze the radial metallicity gradients of star forming galaxies in the EAGLE, Illustris, IllustrisTNG, and SIMBA cosmological simulations across a broa

Xuanchi Ren, Tianchang Shen, Jiahui Huang, Huan Ling

We present GEN3C, a generative video model with precise Camera Control and temporal 3D Consistency. Prior video models already generate realistic videos, but they tend to leverage little 3D information, leading to inconsistencies, such as objects popping in and out of existence. Camera control, if implemented at all, is imprecise, because camera parameters a

Richard Ren, Arunim Agarwal, Mantas Mazeika, Cristina Menghini

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable and agentic, the requirement for trust in their outputs grows significantly, yet at the same time concerns have been mounting that models may learn to lie in pursuit of their goals. To address these concerns, a body of work has emerged around the notion of "honesty" in LLMs, along with interventions aimed a

Lasse Gresista, Daniel Lozano-Gómez, Matthias Vojta, Simon Trebst

Motivated by the magnetism of pyrochlore oxides, we consider the effect of quantum fluctuations in the most general symmetry-allowed nearest-neighbor Kramers exchange Hamiltonian on the pyrochlore lattice. At the classical level, this Hamiltonian exhibits a rich landscape of classical spin liquids and a variety of nonconventional magnetic phases. In contrast

Andrew L. Miller, Federico De Lillo

Searches for continuous gravitational waves from isolated compact objects and those in binary systems aim to detect non-axisymmetric, deformed neutron stars at particular locations in the Galaxy or all-sky. However, a large fraction of known pulsars have rotational frequencies that lie outside the audio frequency band, rendering current detectors insensitive

Ryozo Masukawa, Sanggeon Yun, Sungheon Jeong, Wenjun Huang

Traffic classification is vital for cybersecurity, yet encrypted traffic poses significant challenges. We present PacketCLIP, a multi-modal framework combining packet data with natural language semantics through contrastive pretraining and hierarchical Graph Neural Network (GNN) reasoning. PacketCLIP integrates semantic reasoning with efficient classificatio

Shimao Zhang, Xiao Liu, Xin Zhang, Junxiao Liu

Large Language Models have demonstrated outstanding performance across various downstream tasks and have been widely applied in multiple scenarios. Human-annotated preference data is used for training to further improve LLMs' performance, which is constrained by the upper limit of human performance. Therefore, Self-Rewarding method has been proposed, where L

Brandon Thomas Radzom, Jiayin Dong, Malena Rice, Xian-Yu Wang

A significant fraction of hot Jupiters have orbital axes misaligned with their host stars' spin axes. The large stellar obliquities of these giants have long been considered potential signatures of high-eccentricity migration, which is expected to clear out any nearby planetary companions. This scenario requires that only isolated hot Jupiters be spin-orbit

Jun Chen, Jia Wang, Ruibin Li, Han Zhou

Optimal transport has found widespread applications in signal processing and machine learning. Among its many equivalent formulations, optimal transport seeks to reconstruct a random variable/vector with a prescribed distribution at the destination while minimizing the expected distortion relative to a given random variable/vector at the source. However, in

Yuqi Zhou, Shuai Wang, Sunhao Dai, Qinglin Jia

The advancement of visual language models (VLMs) has enhanced mobile device operations, allowing simulated human-like actions to address user requirements. Current VLM-based mobile operating assistants can be structured into three levels: task, subtask, and action. The subtask level, linking high-level goals with low-level executable actions, is crucial for

A. Eróstegui, M. Mezcua, M. Siudek, H. Domínguez Sánchez

Investigating whether and how galaxy mergers affect black hole growth can be determinant for black hole-galaxy evolution models and, in particular, for understanding how early Universe seed black holes grew to become supermassive. However, while mergers have been observed to enhance the active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity, and thus black hole growth in ma

Alexander Sistko

Let $G$ be a finite abelian group written multiplicatively, with $\hat{G} = G\sqcup \{0\}$ the pointed abelian group formed by adjoining an absorbing element $0$. There is an associated finitary, proto-abelian category $\operatorname{Vect}_{\hat{G}}$, whose objects can be thought of as finite-dimensional vector spaces over $\hat{G}$. The class of $\hat{G}$-l

Jingkang Yang, Shuai Liu, Hongming Guo, Yuhao Dong

We introduce EgoLife, a project to develop an egocentric life assistant that accompanies and enhances personal efficiency through AI-powered wearable glasses. To lay the foundation for this assistant, we conducted a comprehensive data collection study where six participants lived together for one week, continuously recording their daily activities - includin

Ethan Abele, Karl Strecker, John F. OHara

The effect of mechanical vibration (jitter) is an increasingly important parameter for next-generation, long-distance wireless communication links and the channel models used for their engineering. Existing investigations of jitter effects on the terahertz (THz) backhaul channel are theoretical and derived primarily from free space optical models. These lack

Mark Alaverdian, Zvi Bern, Dimitrios Kosmopoulos, Andres Luna

In a previous Letter, we showed that physical scattering observables for compact spinning objects in general relativity can depend on additional degrees of freedom in the spin tensor beyond those described by the spin vector alone. In this paper, we provide further details on the physics of these additional degrees of freedom, whose commutation relations and

Feliks Przytycki

It is proved that for every complex quadratic polynomial $f$ with Cremer's fixed point $z_0$ (or periodic orbit) for every $δ>0$, there is at most one periodic orbit of minimal period $n$ for all $n$ large enough, entirely in the disc (ball) $B(z_0, \exp -δn)$ (at most $p$ for a periodic Cremer orbit of period $p$; in fact at most one, by a renormalizati

Fenglin Liu, Jinge Wu, Hongjian Zhou, Xiao Gu

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve competitive results compared to human experts in medical examinations. However, it remains a challenge to apply LLMs to complex clinical decision-making, which requires a deep understanding of medical knowledge and differs from the standardized, exam-style scenarios commonly used in current efforts. A common approach is t

María José Felipe, Iris Gilabert, Lucia Sanus

We study the conditions under which the head characters of a finite solvable group, as defined by I. M. Isaacs, behave well with respect to restriction. We also determine the intersection of the kernels of all head characters of the group. Using G. Navarro's definition of $\mathfrak{F}'$-characters, we generalize these results for any saturated formation $\m

Sourajit Das, Kirtan Gopal Panda, Navid NaderiAlizadeh

This paper addresses the challenge of packet-based information routing in large-scale wireless communication networks. The problem is framed as a constrained statistical learning task, where each network node operates using only local information. Opportunistic routing exploits the broadcast nature of wireless communication to dynamically select optimal forw

Adrian Crawford, Tyler A. Pritchard, Maryam Modjaz, Craig Pellegrino

We present the first photometric population study of double-peaked Type IIb supernovae (SNe IIb). SNe IIb are produced from the core-collapse of massive stars whose outermost Hydrogen layer has been partially stripped prior to explosion. These double-peaked light curves, consisting of a shock-cooling emission peak (SCE) followed by the main nickel-powered pe

Huang Huang, Fangchen Liu, Letian Fu, Tingfan Wu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to predict robotic actions based on visual observations and language instructions. Existing approaches require fine-tuning pre-trained visionlanguage models (VLMs) as visual and language features are independently fed into downstream policies, degrading the pre-trained semantic alignments. We propose OTTER, a novel VLA

Amal Shaheena, Nairouz Mrabahb, Riadh Ksantinia, Abdulla Alqaddoumia

The recent advances in deep clustering have been made possible by significant progress in self-supervised and pseudo-supervised learning. However, the trade-off between self-supervision and pseudo-supervision can give rise to three primary issues. The joint training causes Feature Randomness and Feature Drift, whereas the independent training causes Feature

Peter Todd Williams

We explore whether hyperbolic diffusion may help explain sharp edges in the gaps in Saturn's rings. Sharp edges are conventionally understood to be due to angular momentum flux reversal at gap edges. We do not dispute this finding, but investigate whether non-classical diffusion may amplify this finding. We explore a simple model of hyperbolic diffusion for

Amin Shafiee, Febin Sunny, Sudeep Pasricha, Mahdi Nikdast

We demonstrate a novel coherent photonic neural network using tunable phase-change-material-based couplers and neural architecture search. Compared to the MZI-based Clements network, our results indicate 85% reduction in the network footprint while maintaining the accuracy.

David D. Baek, Max Tegmark

In this paper, we investigate how model distillation impacts the development of reasoning features in large language models (LLMs). To explore this, we train a crosscoder on Qwen-series models and their fine-tuned variants. Our results suggest that the crosscoder learns features corresponding to various types of reasoning, including self-reflection and compu

Sneh Pillai

Detecting anomalies in time series data is a critical task across many domains. The challenge intensifies when anomalies are sparse and the data are multivariate with relational dependencies across sensors or nodes. Traditional univariate anomaly detectors struggle to capture such cross-node dependencies, particularly in sparse anomaly settings. To address t

Dayane Lira, Geisa Oliveira, Zaqueu Ramos, Aron Simis

We consider classes of codimension two Cohen--Macaulay ideals over a standard graded polynomial ring over a field. We revisit Vasconcelos' problem on $3\times 2$ matrices with homogeneous entries and describe the homological details of Geramita's work on plane points. An additional topic is the homological discussion of minors fixing a submatrix in the conte

Jack Romö

In this paper, we construct an explicit Reedy fibrant replacement functor for projective fibrant simplicial presheaves $X : \mathscr{C}^{op} \rightarrow \textbf{sSet}$, where $\mathscr{C}$ is a Reedy category. Our approach describes, by hand, all latching maps for the Reedy fibrant replacement by an inductive series of higher homotopies. We explore the natur

Hank Gerba

Here we introduce Narrative Context Protocol (NCP), an open-source narrative standard designed to enable narrative interoperability, AI-driven authoring tools, real-time emergent narratives, and more. By encoding a story's structure in a "Storyform," which is a structured register of its narrative features, NCP enables narrative portability across systems as