November 2025 arXiv papers — page 39

Niklas Scheuler, Jörg Main, Patric Rommel, Frieder Pfeiffer

The complex valence band structure of bulk cuprous oxide necessitates going beyond the parabolic approximation to precisely estimate exciton binding energies. The same is true for excitons in cuprous oxide quantum wells, for which many effects have been obtained so far only qualitatively within a hydrogenlike two-band model. Here, we derive the complete Hami

Daeheon Jeong, Seoyeon Byun, Kihoon Son, Dae Hyun Kim

User interface (UI) design is an iterative process in which designers progressively refine their work with design software such as Figma or Sketch. Recent advances in vision language models (VLMs) with tool invocation suggest these models can operate design software to edit a UI design through iteration. Understanding and enhancing this capacity is important

Matteo Bruno, Sebastiano Segreto

We aim to analyze the consistency of the deformation of the Heisenberg algebra in the setting of constrained Hamiltonian systems, providing a procedure to induce the deformation on the Poisson algebra after symplectic reduction. We investigate this in the context of the classical interpretation of Generalized Uncertainty Principle theories, treating two case

Ulrik Enstad, Jordy Timo van Velthoven

We characterize exponential systems on sets of finite measure that form a frame or a Riesz sequence at the critical density. Namely, they are precisely those systems for which the underlying point set admits a weak limit that yields a Riesz basis. In combination with a recent result by Kozma, Nitzan and Olevskii, this shows that there exist sets that fail to

Matteo Bergonzoni, Rosario Roberto Riso, Guido Pupillo

We present a theoretical scheme for a family of fast and high-fidelity two-qubit iSWAP gates between neutral atoms separated by more than 20 um, enabled by resonant dipole-dipole spin-exchange interactions between Rydberg states. The protocol harnesses coherent excitation-exchange-deexcitation dynamics between the qubit and the Rydberg states within a single

Mika Mäki

Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions are a promising probe of physics beyond the Standard Model, as many extensions of the standard model result in first-order phase transitions in the early universe, from which the resulting gravitational waves could be detectable with the upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The properties

Wouter G. J. van Zeist, Gijs Nelemans, Shu-Xu Yi, Simon F. Portegies Zwart

Context: Globular clusters (GCs) around the Milky Way (MW) are expected to host white dwarf (WD) binaries emitting gravitational waves that could be detectable by LISA. Aims: Our aim is to investigate whether LISA can resolve WD binaries in GCs well enough in terms of sky location and distance that they can be distinguished from binaries in the MW disc. Meth

Ai-Ling Zeng, Wei Zhao, Jun Yang, Xu-Zhi Hu

Intermittent jet activity of AGNs is a common phenomenon, whereas significant jet reorientation during episodic jet activity in relatively young radio galaxies are rarely reported. The quasar 0954+556 at redshift of 0.903 is an intriguing source exhibiting an unusual radio jet structure with significantly different jet directions at kpc and pc scales. At kpc

Timothy N. Georges, Louis Summerley, Johan E. Runeson, William Barford

We develop a linear vibronic coupling (LVC) model for polyenes described by the extended Hubbard-Peierls Hamiltonian. This model is applied to trans-hexatriene to benchmark quantum-classical dynamics methods against fully quantum simulations. We find that surface-hopping methods describe short times more accurately than multi-trajectory Ehrenfest. None of th

Yang Yang, Ye Ji, Matthias Möller, Can Ayas

Thermal modeling of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is challenging due to steep, rapidly moving thermal gradients induced by the laser, which are difficult to resolve accurately with conventional Finite Element Methods. Highly refined, dynamically adaptive spatial discretization is typically required, leading to prohibitive computational costs. Semi-analytica

Dohun Lim, Minji Kim, Jaewoon Lim, Sungchan Kim

We propose BRIC, a novel test-time adaptation (TTA) framework that enables long-term human motion generation by resolving execution discrepancies between diffusion-based kinematic motion planners and reinforcement learning-based physics controllers. While diffusion models can generate diverse and expressive motions conditioned on text and scene context, they

Xing Wang, Huiyuan Xie, Yiyan Wang, Chaojun Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) are now deployed at unprecedented scale, assisting millions of users in daily tasks. However, the risk of these models assisting unlawful activities remains underexplored. In this study, we define this high-risk behavior as complicit facilitation - the provision of guidance or support that enables illicit user instructions - and

Jongkuk Kim, Pyungwon Ko

In 2023, Belle II collaboration announced the observarion of the $B^+ \to K^+ \nu\bar{\nu}$ decay channel for the first time. This decay channel provides a clean signal with high precision in theoretical calculation. However, we encounter $2.8\sigma$ deviation from the Standard Model (SM) prediction. To resolve this excess, we study scalar dark matter (DM) m

Ana Maria Delgado, Michelle Ntampaka, Sownak Bose, Fulvio Ferlito

Properties of massive galaxy clusters, such as mass abundance and concentration, are sensitive to cosmology, making cluster statistics a powerful tool for cosmological studies. However, favoring a more simplified, spherically symmetric model for galaxy clusters can lead to biases in the estimates of cluster properties. In this work, we present a deep-learnin

Amedeo Romagnolo

I present StarEstate, an open-source Python package for producing rapid, statistically robust galactic population synthesis models. By utilizing optimized pre-calculated inverse-cumulative distribution function samplers, the tool generates synthetic populations from pre-generated grids of stellar tracks orders of magnitude faster than traditional numerical i

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta

The first four-dimensional amplitude analysis of the $B^{+} \to \psi(2S) K_{\text{S}}^{0} \pi^{+}$ decay is performed with proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at $\sqrt{s} = 13~\rm{TeV}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4~\rm{fb^{-1}}$. The data cannot be fully explained by $B^{+} \to \psi(2S) K^{*+}$ contributions a

Yi-bo Liang, Hong-Rong Li

We demonstrate, for the first time, that arbitrary spherically symmetric metrics can be derived within a framework based on the coupling of two scalar fields and an electromagnetic field. We then specialize to a class of non-stationary spacetimes characterized by analytically tractable global causal structure and trapping horizons, which is particularly suit

Youssef Megahed, Saleh Abou-Alwan, Anthony Fuller, Dina El Demellawy

Hirschsprung Disease is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus. Therefore, the correct identification of ganglion cells is crucial for diagnosing Hirschsprung disease. We introduce a three-stage analysis framework that mimics the pathologist's diagnostic approach. The framework, based on a Vision Transformer model (ViT-B/16),

Hmrishav Bandyopadhyay, Nikhil Pinnaparaju, Rahim Entezari, Jim Scott

Block-causal video generation faces a stark speed-quality trade-off: small 1.3B models manage only 16 FPS while large 14B models crawl at 4.5 FPS, forcing users to choose between responsiveness and quality. Block Cascading significantly mitigates this trade-off through training-free parallelization. Our key insight: future video blocks do not need fully deno

Douglas M. Gingrich

The general uncertainty principle applied to gravity can be implemented as a set of modified Poisson brackets in the canonical formalism. As such, the theory is not canonical and the resulting equations of motion do not lead to a covariant metric. We construct a Hamiltonian that when applying the usual canonical formalism gives a closed algebra and equations

Akira Tokiwa, Adrian E. Bayer, Joaquin Armijo, Jia Liu

We quantify the bias caused by small simulation box size on weak lensing observables and covariances, considering both replication and super-sample effects for a range of higher-order statistics. Using two simulation suites -- one comprising large boxes ($3750\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$) and another constructed by tiling small boxes ($625\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$) -- we gen

Bo Pang, Chenxi Xu, Jierui Ren, Guoping Wang

Understanding the physical world requires perceptual models grounded in physical laws rather than mere statistical correlations. However, existing multimodal learning frameworks, focused on vision and language, lack physical consistency and overlook the intrinsic causal relationships among an object's geometry, material, vibration modes, and the sounds it pr

Wesley Quaresma Cota, Luiz Henrique de Souza Matos, Ana Cristina Vieira

The theory of algebras with polynomial identities has developed significantly, with special attention devoted to the classification of varieties according to the asymptotic behavior of their codimension sequences. This sequence is a fundamental numerical invariant, as it captures the growth rate of the polynomial identities of a given algebra. Special partia

Kevin Buchin, Maike Buchin, Jan Erik Swiadek, Sampson Wong

Continuous Dynamic Time Warping (CDTW) measures the similarity of polygonal curves robustly to outliers and to sampling rates, but the design and analysis of CDTW algorithms face multiple challenges. We show that CDTW cannot be computed exactly under the Euclidean 2-norm using only algebraic operations, and we give an exact algorithm for CDTW under norms app

Zixue Zeng, Anthony M. Perti, Tong Yu, Grant Kokenberger

Myofascial pain (MP) is a leading cause of chronic low back pain, yet its tissue-level drivers remain poorly defined and lack reliable image biomarkers. Existing studies focus predominantly on muscle while neglecting fascia, fat, and other soft tissues that play integral biomechanical roles. We developed an anatomically grounded explainable artificial intell

Gianna Lisa Nicolai, Patrick Hansert, Sebastian Michel

With this work, we describe the concept of intent-based query rewriting and present a first viable solution. The aim is to allow rewrites to alter the structure and syntactic outcome of an original query while keeping the obtainable insights intact. This drastically differs from traditional query rewriting, which typically aims to decrease query evaluation t

Matvei Shelukhan, Timur Mamedov, Karina Kvanchiani

Multi-object tracking (MOT) is one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision, where it is important to correctly detect objects and associate these detections across frames. Current approaches mainly focus on tracking objects in each frame of a video stream, making it almost impossible to run the model under conditions of limited computing resources.

G. Arduini, M. Benedikt, F. Gianotti, K. Jakobs

In anticipation of the completion of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) programme by the end of 2041, CERN is preparing to launch a new major facility in the mid-2040s. According to the 2020 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP), the highest-priority next collider is an electron-positron Higgs factory, followed in the lo

Do Hyun Kim, Ahmet Cetinkaya

We propose a method to approximate continuous-time, continuous-state stochastic processes by a discrete-time Markov chain defined on a nonuniform grid. Our method provides exact moment matching for processes whose first and second moments are linear functions of time. In particular, we show that, under certain conditions, the transition probabilities of a Ma

Zilong Huang, Jun He, Xiaobin Huang, Ziyi Xiong

Generating realistic 3D cities is fundamental to world models, virtual reality, and game development, where an ideal urban scene must satisfy both stylistic diversity, fine-grained, and controllability. However, existing methods struggle to balance the creative flexibility offered by text-based generation with the object-level editability enabled by explicit

P. F. V. Cáceres-Burgos, P. Dayal, P. Lira, V. Mauerhofer

Context. Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) discoveries have unveiled an abundance of faint and massive Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) at high redshifts (z=4-9), that surpass by 10 to 100 times the extrapolated bolometric (Bol) and ultraviolet (UV) luminosity functions (LF) from previous AGN campaigns. The two main models that are put forward to explain

Zhuojun Xie, Adam Abdin, Yiping Fang

The predict-then-optimize paradigm bridges online learning and contextual optimization in dynamic environments. Previous works have investigated the sequential updating of predictors using feedback from downstream decisions to minimize regret in the full-information settings. However, existing approaches are predominantly frequentist, rely heavily on gradien

Neng Wang, Eric V. Slud, Tianzhou Ma

Common psychiatric and brain disorders are highly heritable and affected by a number of genetic risk factors, yet the mechanism by which these genetic factors contribute to the disorders through alterations in brain structure and function remain poorly understood. Contemporary imaging genetic studies integrate genetic and neuroimaging data to investigate how

Wouter J. A. van Weerelt, Lantian Zhang, Silun Zhang, Nicola Bastianello

In this paper, we propose a novel online optimization algorithm built by combining ideas from control theory and system identification. The foundation of our algorithm is a control-based design that makes use of the internal model of the online problem. Since such prior knowledge of this internal model might not be available in practice, we incorporate an id

Bao Tang, Shuai Zhang, Yueting Zhu, Jijun Xiang

Timestep distillation is an effective approach for improving the generation efficiency of diffusion models. The Consistency Model (CM), as a trajectory-based framework, demonstrates significant potential due to its strong theoretical foundation and high-quality few-step generation. Nevertheless, current continuous-time consistency distillation methods still

Guanlin Lyu, Yuguo Sun, Panpan Gao, Ping Qian

Elements with low thermal neutron absorption cross-sections are ideal for enhancing structural materials in nuclear systems. In this study, We systematically investigate the segregation and co-segregation behaviors of eleven elements at the {\Sigma}7(0001) twist grain boundary in yttrium and their effects on stability and strength. The {\Sigma}7(0001) grain

Kasper Green Larsen, Natascha Schalburg

We prove the first margin-based generalization bound for voting classifiers, that is asymptotically tight in the tradeoff between the size of the hypothesis set, the margin, the fraction of training points with the given margin, the number of training samples and the failure probability.

Yaaqov Mishayev, Yonatan Sverdlov, Tal Amir, Nadav Dym

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) are widely used for learning on graphs, but their ability to process long-range information is limited by the phenomenon of oversquashing. This limitation has led some researchers to advocate Graph Transformers as a better alternative, whereas others suggest that it can be mitigated within the MPNN framework, using vir

Liming Liang, Ronald Rousseau

When calculating citation indicators, whether it is the total number of received citations or the average citations per paper, we always face the same problem. Namely, that papers published in different years have varying citation potential. Hence, strictly speaking, their citations cannot be compared. In a former study, we created a new indicator called the

Aritra Ghosh, Adam Miranowicz, Miloslav Znojil

In the framework of the so-called quasi-Hermitian quantum mechanics of stationary unitary systems, bound states are usually constructed as eigenstates $|\psi_n \rangle$ of a Hamiltonian operator $H$ with real spectrum which is non-Hermitian, $H \neq H^\dagger$. One of the ways of the standard probabilistic interpretation of such systems consists in a transfo

Andrea Lops, Fedelucio Narducci, Azzurra Ragone, Michelantonio Trizio

Unit testing is an essential but resource-intensive step in software development, ensuring individual code units function correctly. This paper introduces AgoneTest, an automated evaluation framework for Large Language Model-generated (LLM) unit tests in Java. AgoneTest does not aim to propose a novel test generation algorithm; rather, it supports researcher

Jian-Wei Qiu, Nobuo Sato, Zhite Yu

Recently, a new framework for studying generic $2 \to 3$ hard exclusive reactions, referred to as single-diffractive hard exclusive processes, has been introduced to provide a cleaner separation of the underlying physical mechanisms. In this work, we expand this formalism to the case of exclusive real-photon electroproduction off a nucleon, $e(\ell) + N(p) \

Jiawei Lin, Guanlong Jiao, Jianjin Xu

Multi-ID customization is an interesting topic in computer vision and attracts considerable attention recently. Given the ID images of multiple individuals, its purpose is to generate a customized image that seamlessly integrates them while preserving their respective identities. Compared to single-ID customization, multi-ID customization is much more diffic

E. Bertolini, C. Brizzolari, F. Bruni, P. Carniti

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Far Detector (FD) Photon Detection System (PDS) employs the X-Arapuca concept, a photon trapping system relying on reflective surfaces and dichroic filters. In this paper are reported measurements, performed at the University of Milano-Bicocca, aimed at increasing the FD Horizontal Drift (HD) PDS module efficie

Abdullah Al Sefat

Large language models excel on broad multilingual benchmarks but remain to be evaluated extensively in figurative and culturally grounded reasoning, especially in low-resource contexts. We present BengaliFig, a compact yet richly annotated challenge set that targets this gap in Bengali, a widely spoken low-resourced language. The dataset contains 435 unique

Laurens J. M. Westenberg, Lumen Eek, Jort D. Verbakel, Kevin Vonk

Twisted two-dimensional semiconductors generate a moir\'e landscape that confines excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) into programmable lattices, offering routes to efficient light sources, sensing, and room-temperature information processing. However, direct real-space imaging of confined excitonic species within a moir\'e unit cell remains challenging; ex

Jiale Zhang, Harish K. Vedantham, Joseph R. Callingham, Hui Tian

We present the high-resolution radio dynamic spectra of AD Leonis (AD Leo) between 1.0 and 1.5 GHz taken by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) on Dec. 1st, 2023. Over a 15-minute period, we identify complex, superimposed spectro-temporal structures, including: (1) broadband, second-long modulation lanes with downward frequency d

M. C. Schoppema, B. H. M. van der Velden, A. Hürriyetoğlu, M. D. Klijnstra

Since 2012, tetrodotoxin (TTX) has been found in seafoods such as bivalve mollusks in temperate European waters. TTX contamination leads to food safety risks and economic losses, making early prediction of TTX contamination vital to the food industry and competent authorities. Recent studies have pointed to shallow habitats and water temperature as main driv

Shiqian Liu, Azlan Mohd Zain, Le-le Mao

Recently, path planning has achieved remarkable progress in enhancing global search capability and convergence accuracy through heuristic and learning-inspired optimization frameworks. However, real-time adaptability in dynamic environments remains a critical challenge for autonomous navigation, particularly when robots must generate collision-free, smooth,

Yu. F. Pirogov, O. V. Zenin

The status of a modification of General Relativity (GR) -- Spontaneously Broken Relativity (SBR) -- for merging gravity, dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM) is presented. The modification is principally grounded on a multiscalar-metric concept of spacetime endowed with two dynamical structures: a basic metric and a set of the reversible multiscalar fields.

Debabrata Auddya, Shiva Rudraraju

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) results from an impact or concussion to the head with the injury being specifically characterized through pathological degradation at various biological length scales. Following injury, various mechanical modeling techniques have been proposed in the literature that seek to quantify neuronal-scale to tissue-scale metrics of brain

Anton Ivashkevich, Matija Piškorec, Claudio J. Tessone

We describe a prototype of a fully capable Ethereum Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchain network running on multiple Raspberry Pi (RPi) computers. The prototype is easy to set up and is intended to function as a completely standalone system, using a local WiFi router for connectivity. It features LCD screens for visualization of the local state of blockchain ledge

Xinwan Wen, Bowen Li, Jiajun Luo, Ye Li

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) achieve state-of-the-art generation quality but require long sequential denoising trajectories, leading to high inference latency. Recent speculative inference methods enable lossless parallel sampling in U-Net-based diffusion models via a drafter-verifier scheme, but their acceleration is limited on DiTs due to insufficient dra

Benjamin Jourdain, Anh-Dung Le

According to Talay and Tubaro \cite{talay_expansion_1990}, the weak error between the solution to a stochastic differential equation with smooth coefficients and its Euler-Maruyama scheme can be expanded in powers of the time-step. In the present paper, we generalize this result to the case when the error is measured by a smooth functional on the Wasserstein

Joseph Vovrosh, Tiago Mendes-Santos, Hadriel Mamann, Kemal Bidzhiev

We estimate the run-time and energy consumption of simulating non-equilibrium dynamics on neutral atom quantum computers in analog mode, directly comparing their performance to state-of-the-art classical methods, namely Matrix Product States and Neural Quantum States. By collecting both experimental data from a quantum processing unit (QPU) in analog mode an

Xin Li, Si-Pei Wang, Rui Wang, Zhen Zhang

Within the framework of the lattice Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, we present a systematic study of proton anisotropic flow observables measured by the HADES collaboration, by utilizing the recently developed density-, momentum- and isospin-dependent N$5$LO Skyrme pseudopotential. In particular, we investigate the impacts of the momentum depend

Jiangpei Dou, Bingli Niu, Gang Zhao, Xi Zhang

The wavefront sensor (WFS), equipped with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) detector, is a critical component of the Cool Planets Imaging Coronagraph (CPI-C) on the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST). Precise calibration of the WFS's EMCCD detector is essential to meet the stringent requirements for high-contrast exoplanet imaging. Th

Christine Awofeso, Patrick Greaves, Oded Lachish, Felix Reidl

The problem of subgraph counting asks for the number of occurrences of a pattern graph $H$ as a subgraph of a host graph $G$ and is known to be computationally challenging: it is $\#W[1]$-hard even when $H$ is restricted to simple structures such as cliques or paths. Curticapean and Marx (FOCS'14) show that if the graph $H$ has vertex cover number $\tau$, su

Jesse Koivu

We prove that for a domain $\Omega$ in a PI space $X$ such that $\Omega$ satisfies the Gehring Hayman condition and the ball separation condition, the Newtonian Sobolev space $N^{1,\infty}(\Omega)$ is dense in the space $N^{1,p}(\Omega)$ for $1 < p < \infty$.

Audrey Pei-Hsuan Chen

Representation learning on multi-omics data is challenging due to extreme dimensionality, modality heterogeneity, and cohort-specific batch effects. While pre-trained transformer backbones have shown broad generalization capabilities in biological sequence modeling, their application to multi-omics integration remains underexplored. We present MoRE (Multi-Om

B. G. Giraud, S. Karataglidis, K. Murulane, R. Peschanski

The approximate representation of operators by finite matrices is analysed in terms of accuracy and convergence. The identity operator, for example, can be reconstructed using a basis of harmonic oscillator states leading to a narrow peak approximation of the $\delta$ function, but this peak may be perturbed by small, residual, oscillations. The peak does no

Ilias Ibnyahya, Joshua D. Reiss

We introduce a novel method for designing attenuation filters in digital audio reverberation systems based on Feedback Delay Networks (FDNs). Our approach uses Second Order Sections (SOS) of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters arranged as parametric equalizers (PEQ), enabling fine control over frequency-dependent reverberation decay. Unlike traditional g

Xiaowu Sun, Thabo Mahendiran, Ortal Senouf, Denise Auberson

Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of mortality, with coronary artery disease (CAD) as its most prevalent form, necessitating early risk prediction. While 3D coronary artery digital twins reconstructed from imaging offer detailed anatomy for personalized assessment, their analysis relies on computationally intensive computational fluid dynami

Srivatsav Kunnawalkam Elayavalli

A collection of 50 open problems around the structure theory of ultraproducts of II$_1$ factors is presented, along with some annotations and references.

Andreas Göbel, Janosch Ruff, Leon Schiller

We study efficient algorithms for recovering cliques in dense random intersection graphs (RIGs). In this model, $d = n^{\Omega(1)}$ cliques of size approximately $k$ are randomly planted by choosing the vertices to participate in each clique independently with probability $\delta$. While there has been extensive work on recovering one, or multiple disjointly

Gabriel Barría Galland

Let $X$ be a complete toric variety. We give a criterion to decide whether $X$ decomposes as a product of complete toric varieties by analyzing the $1$-skeleton of its fan. More precisely, we prove that any direct-sum decomposition of the 1-skeleton induces a corresponding direct-sum decomposition of the fan itself. As an application, we show that if the ide

Taras Banakh

It is proved that for every stratifiable space $Y$ and a closed subset $X\subset Y$ there exists a regular (i.e. linear positive with unit norm) extension operator $T:C(X\times X)\to C(Y\times Y)$ preserving the class of (pseudo)metrics. This operator is continuous with respect to the pointwise as well as to the compact-open topologies on the linear lattices

A. V. Belkova, D. O. Ignatyeva, A. N. Kalish, P. M. Vetoshko

It is generally believed that the magneto-optical Faraday effect appears in the the bulk of a magnetic material and its sign is fully determined by the sign of the non-diagonal permittivity element. Here we reveal an additional contribution to the Faraday effect from the film interfaces. It becomes notable for films with a thickness of a few tens of nanomete

Arnab Mukherjee, Soham Sen, Sunandan Gangopadhyay

In this study, we investigate the effect of the Lorentz transformation on the measures of quantum coherence in an entangled atomic system. Here, we consider the effect of this relativistic boosts on two-particle entangled generalized Gaussian wave packets in two scenarios. In the first scenario, we consider that the relativistic boost affects the one particl

Konstantinos Oikonomidis, Alexander Bodard, Jan Quan, Panagiotis Patrinos

We study a continuous-time dynamical system which arises as the limit of a broad class of nonlinearly preconditioned gradient methods. Under mild assumptions, we establish existence of global solutions and derive Lyapunov-based convergence guarantees. For convex costs, we prove a sublinear decay in a geometry induced by some reference function, and under a g

Frank Schüssele, Matthias Zumkeller, Miriam Lagunes-Rochin, Dominik Klumpp

Implementation bugs threaten the soundness of algorithmic software verifiers. Generating correctness certificates for correct programs allows for efficient independent validation of verification results, and thus helps to reveal such bugs. Automatic generation of small, compact correctness proofs for concurrent programs is challenging, as the correctness arg

Daniel Gonçalves

In his PhD Thesis, E.R. Scheinerman conjectured that planar graphs are intersection graphs of line segments in the plane. This conjecture was proved with two different approaches by J. Chalopin and the author, and by the author, L. Isenmann, and C. Pennarun. In the case of 3-colorable planar graphs E.R. Scheinerman conjectured that it is possible to restrict

Kevin Mann

Although Extension Perfect Roman Domination is NP-complete, all minimal (with respect to the pointwise order) perfect Roman dominating functions can be enumerated with polynomial delay. This algorithm uses a bijection between minimal perfect Roman dominating functions and Roman dominating functions and the fact that all minimal Roman dominating functions can

Xin Ming, Yuxuan Han, Tianyu Huang, Feng Xu

Reconstructing topologically consistent facial geometry is crucial for the digital avatar creation pipelines. Existing methods either require tedious manual efforts, lack generalization to in-the-wild data, or are constrained by the limited expressiveness of 3D Morphable Models. To address these limitations, we propose VGGTFace, an automatic approach that in

Tommaso Armadillo, Simone Devoto, Michele Dradi, Alessandro Vicini

We discuss the lepton-pair production process in Quantum Electrodynamics. We present the ultraviolet-renormalised and infrared-subtracted finite contribution of the second-order virtual corrections to the inclusive lepton-pair production cross section $u\bar u\to e^+e^-$. The results are obtained within a new computational framework, OCEANN, developed in vie

Wenkun Wen, Tierui Min, Long Yuan, Minghua Xia

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) demand high receiver sensitivity and efficient physical-layer signal processing. This paper introduces a unified framework for generalized block signal transmission in LPWANs, addressing the limitations of conventional symbol-by-symbol approaches. The framework comprises three key components: the signal block vector, the

Anil Kumar Singh, Yuta Ito, León Martin, Lukas Krieger

Single-molecule junctions represent electromechanical systems at the edge of device miniaturization. Despite extensive studies on the interplay between mechanical manipulation and electron transport in molecular junctions, a thorough understanding of conducting molecular springs remains elusive. Here, we investigate the impact of mechanical elongation and co

Àlex Solé, Albert Mosella-Montoro, Joan Cardona, Daniel Aravena

Crystal structures are characterised by repeating atomic patterns within unit cells across three-dimensional space, posing unique challenges for graph-based representation learning. Current methods often overlook essential periodic boundary conditions and multiscale interactions inherent to crystalline structures. In this paper, we introduce PRISM, a graph n

Maarten V. de Hoop, Nikola B. Kovachki, Matti Lassas, Nicholas H. Nelsen

This paper considers the problem of noise-robust neural operator approximation for the solution map of Calder\'on's inverse conductivity problem. In this continuum model of electrical impedance tomography (EIT), the boundary measurements are realized as a noisy perturbation of the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map's integral kernel. The theoretical analysis proceeds

Đorđe Dangić

Thermal transport in highly anharmonic, amorphous, or alloyed materials often deviates from the predictions of conventional phonon-based models. First-principles approaches have introduced a coherent contribution to account for these deviations and to explain ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity, but direct experimental evidence for this mechanism remains

Zhiqing Guo, Dongdong Xi, Songlin Li, Gaobo Yang

Image manipulation localization (IML) faces a fundamental trade-off between minimizing annotation cost and achieving fine-grained localization accuracy. Existing fully-supervised IML methods depend heavily on dense pixel-level mask annotations, which limits scalability to large datasets or real-world deployment.In contrast, the majority of existing weakly-su

Pål B. Marthinsen, Tuva R. Hope, Wibeke Nordhøy, Deirdre B. Cassidy

Objectives: Mn-based MRI contrast agents (MBCAs) have recently been proposed as alternatives to the currently used class of Gd-chelates. Unlike Gd, Mn is an endogenous paramagnetic metal with known biochemical pathways in the human body for excretion and metal regulation, which may alleviate the raised concerns about the safety of existing GBCAs. The aim of

Aryan Pratap Srivastava, Moulik Deviprasad Ketkar, Kuldeep Kumar Shrivastava, Abhishek Maurya

We investigate photon tunneling in a pair of coupled inverted circular split-ring microwave resonators with four discrete chiral orientations. By varying the spacing between the resonators, we observe strong modulation of the transmission spectra, including mode splitting, interference effects, and the formation of dark states. Measurements on fabricated dev

Yusuke Kuno, Yoshiro Yaguchi

We compare two crossed homomorphisms on a braid group, one defined diagrammatically and the other defined algebraically. We show that these crossed homomorphisms are essentially the same, and compute them in detail for simple braids, namely elements conjugate to the standard generators of the braid group or to their inverses.

Minh T. P. Nguyen, Mackenzie H. Shaw

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) error correcting code uses a bosonic mode to encode a logical qubit, and has the attractive property that its logical Clifford gates can be implemented using Gaussian unitary gates. In contrast, a direct unitary implementation of the ${T}$ gate using the cubic phase gate has been shown to have logical error floor unless th

Haoliang Han, Ziyuan Luo, Jun Qi, Anderson Rocha

Recent advances in editing technologies for 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have made it simple to manipulate 3D scenes. However, these technologies raise concerns about potential malicious manipulation of 3D content. To avoid such malicious applications, localizing tampered regions becomes crucial. In this paper, we propose GS-Checker, a novel method for locat

Sourav Chatterjee, Md. Ali Muntaha, Sophie Blondel, David Andersson

Fission gas swelling and release in UO$_2$ are governed by the coupled evolution of intragranular clusters and bubbles, migrating grain boundaries (GBs), triple junctions (TJs), and their eventual connection to a free surface (FS). We extend a hybrid multiscale framework that couples cluster dynamics (Xolotl) with a phase-field model (MARMOT) to large 3D pol

Junfeng Xu, Sujoy Majumder, Debabrata Pramanik

The aim of this study is to investigate the precise form of finite-order entire solutions to the following system of Fermat-type partial differential-difference equations: \beas \begin{cases} \left(\frac{\partial f_1\left(z_1, z_2, \ldots, z_m \right)}{\partial z_1}\right)^{n_1} + f_2^{m_1} \left(z_1 + c_1, z_2 + c_2, \ldots, z_m + c_m \right) = 1,\\ \left(\

Heyang Yu, Yinan Han, Xiangyu Zhang, Baiqiao Yin

Humans rely on the synergistic control of head (cephalomotor) and eye (oculomotor) to efficiently search for visual information in 360{\deg}. However, prior approaches to visual search are limited to a static image, neglecting the physical embodiment and its interaction with the 3D world. How can we develop embodied visual search agents as efficient as human

Orla McGrath

We develop the theory of difference algebraic groups in the case where we have finitely many pairwise commuting difference operators. We show that the defining ideal of a difference algebraic group is finitely generated as a difference ideal, and this result allows us to prove the existence of a dimension polynomial for any partial difference algebraic group

Shuaihang Yuan, Congcong Wen, Muhammad Shafique, Anthony Tzes

The rapid advances in audio analysis underscore its vast potential for humancomputer interaction, environmental monitoring, and public safety; yet, existing audioonly datasets often lack spatial context. To address this gap, we present two novel audiospatial scene datasets, AudioScanNet and AudioRoboTHOR, designed to explore audioconditioned tasks within 3D

M. E. A. Kherchouche, F. Galpin, T. Dumas, F. Schnitzler

In this paper, a complexity study is conducted for Versatile Video Codec (VVC) intra partitioning to accelerate the exhaustive search involved in Rate-Distortion Optimization (RDO) process. To address this problem, two main machine learning techniques are proposed and compared. Unlike existing methods, the proposed approaches are size independent and incorpo

Andy Huynh, João Malheiro Silva, Holger Caesar, Tong Duy Son

3D reconstruction for Digital Twins often relies on LiDAR-based methods, which provide accurate geometry but lack the semantics and textures naturally captured by cameras. Traditional LiDAR-camera fusion approaches require complex calibration and still struggle with certain materials like glass, which are visible in images but poorly represented in point clo

Chang Gao, Chujie Zheng, Xiong-Hui Chen, Kai Dang

Reinforcement learning (RL) plays an increasingly important role in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet stable and performant policy optimization remains challenging. Token-level importance ratios often exhibit high variance-a phenomenon exacerbated in Mixture-of-Experts models-leading to unstable updates. Existing group

Felix Willert, Clemens Hoyer, Gordon K. Grubert, Franz X. Bronold

We derive and implement a suitable boundary condition for the kinetic description of the electrons inside a plasma, which takes into account microphysical processes inside the wall. It is based on the surface scattering kernel, which describes the scattering cascade of the electron in the solid and the excitation of secondary electrons. The resulting boundar

Jayanta Manna, Kalidas Mandal, Kallol Paul, Debmalya Sain

We present an improvement of the Blanco-Koldobsky-Turn\v{s}ek characterization of isometries in normed linear spaces by using the concept of level vectors of an operator. In this context, we characterize level vectors entirely through directional preservation of Birkhoff-James orthogonality and analyze the associated geometric and structural phenomena that t

Taewhoo Lee, Minju Song, Chanwoong Yoon, Jungwoo Park

Analogical reasoning is at the core of human cognition, serving as an important foundation for a variety of intellectual activities. While prior work has shown that LLMs can represent task patterns and surface-level concepts, it remains unclear whether these models can encode high-level relational concepts and apply them to novel situations through structure

Hengyi Wang, Lourdes Agapito

We present AMB3R, a multi-view feed-forward model for dense 3D reconstruction on a metric-scale that addresses diverse 3D vision tasks. The key idea is to leverage a sparse, yet compact, volumetric scene representation as our backend, enabling geometric reasoning with spatial compactness. Although trained solely for multi-view reconstruction, we demonstrate

Yulong Li, Peter Gumbsch, Christian Greiner

Friction is ubiquitous in daily life, from nanoscale machines to large engineering components. By probing the intricate interplay between system parameters and frictional behavior, scientists seek to unveil the underlying mechanisms that enable prediction and control of friction -- an essential step toward carbon neutrality. Yet, reproducing frictional behav

Swarnaditya Hazra, Jason R. Picardo

Lung airways are lined by a film of mucus which protects the epithelium from inhaled particles. To maintain a uniform coating, the mucus that is secreted into airways must be distributed into a film by wall-attached cilia, which constantly convey mucus along the airway. However, the film's natural tendency is to accumulate into humps and plugs, due to the Ra