April 2026 arXiv papers — page 23

Alice Gao, Weixi Tong, Rishab Vempati, Katharina Reinecke

Usability testing with experts and potential users can assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) but doing so remains a costly and time-intensive process. Prior work has used computer use agents (CUAs) and other generative agents that can simulate user interactions and preference, but we show that agents

Khachatur Nazaryan, Liang Fu

We introduce QERNEL, a foundational neural wavefunction that variationally solves families of parameterized many-electron Hamiltonians and captures their ground states throughout parameter space within a single model. QERNEL combines FiLM-based parameter conditioning with scale-efficient architectural elements -- mixture of experts and grouped-query attentio

Yoshiyuki Yajima, Hemant Prasad, Daisuke Ikefuji, Takemasa Suzuki

This paper presents the optimal-control suggestion for congestion on freeways using data assimilation (DA) of distributed fiber-optic sensing (DFOS). To simultaneously maximize throughput and avoid/mitigate congestion, it is necessary to execute optimal control for the current traffic state as active transportation and demand management (ATDM) according to m

Qinxun Li

We introduce the kinematic lensing ratio (KiLeR), a geometric dark-energy probe from weak lensing. Combining shear ratios with intrinsic galaxy shapes inferred from kinematics, KiLeR naturally mitigates most first-order lensing systematics, including redshift errors, intrinsic alignments, and baryonic effects. The forecast on Roman shows a 192% improvement i

T. H. Hansson, Qing-Dong Jiang, S. A. Kivelson, Thomas Klein Kvorning

We investigate the effect on a Quantum Hall (QH) liquid of its coupling to 3+1 dimensional dynamical electromagnetism, which renders the system gapless. We calculate both the Hall and longitudinal resistances, $\rho_H$ and $\rho_L$, in the context of a minimal model of the electromagnetic environment, with a small three dimensional conductivity ${\tilde{\sig

Shihwen Hor, Yuichiro Nakai, Motoo Suzuki, Junxuan Xu

We present a novel framework of the post-inflationary composite axion to address the strong CP problem without the cosmological domain wall problem. Conventional composite axion models lead to the domain wall number greater than one, producing stable axion domain walls that overclose the Universe. We show that by considering a special embedding of the confin

Michael Geller, Ofri Telem

We address the long-standing puzzle of false vacuum decay catalyzed by black holes. Naively, small black holes with large Hawking temperatures can generate highly-boosted true vacuum bubbles in the early universe and trigger vacuum decay without any exponential suppression. Working in the thin-wall regime of the $\phi^4$ and sine-Gordon models, we show that

Kok Hong Thong, David Vegh

We study a quantum mechanical system whose spectrum coincides with that of bilinear operators of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. The standard positivity-based quantum mechanical bootstrap is degenerate with respect to the boundary data: it does not distinguish the boundary conditions that select the SYK spectrum, and hence is insufficient to determine the eigen

James Gurian, Boyuan Liu, Donghui Jeong, Takashi Hosokawa

We construct an analytical model of Population III star formation that connects the cosmological radiation background to sub-AU protostellar disk fragmentation, a dynamic range inaccessible to any single simulation. Our approach is based on combining separate models of the disparate relevant scales: from the cosmological environment to the host-halo scale, f

W. C. Haxton, Xing Liu, Anupam Ray, Evan Rule

The "Turner window" corresponds to axions with masses $\gtrsim$ 1 eV that have sufficiently strong couplings to matter to evade limits from the cooling of SN1987A. This window, through which the trajectories for the KSVZ and DFSZ QCD axions run, has been thought to be largely closed because of (1) the floor established by SN1987A cooling, (2) the absence of

K. Dennerl, G. Ponti, X. Zheng, M. J. Freyberg

Solar wind charged particles interact with diffuse gas within the heliosphere, producing soft X-rays. This solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) process produces foreground emission that complicates interpretation of X-ray observations. In this work, we analyze X-ray observations of the western Galactic hemisphere by the Extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging

A. Maiti, G. D. Gu, F. Massee

A robust zero-bias conductance peak in putative $p$-wave superconductors is often regarded as the primary signature of a Majorana zero mode. Yet similar features can also arise from trivial bound states. This ambiguity has limited the reliability of conventional spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool, raising a long-standing problem of how to detect such impostor

Boy Lankhaar

Context. Anomalous microwave emission (AME) is a component of interstellar medium emission peaking at 10-60 GHz. Its polarization is both a CMB foreground and a probe of the alignment physics of very small dust grains. Aims. We quantify when the purely rotational electric-dipole emission from very small interstellar grains (spinning dust/AME) can become meas

Cat Rust

We study moduli spaces of logarithmic stable maps to proper toric surfaces with prescribed tangency conditions to the toric boundary. Fixing a surface, we define a chamber decomposition on the space of all tangencies such that as a function of the tangency data, the class of the corresponding moduli space in the Grothendieck ring of varieties is constant. Th

Madhav Sinha, Thiago Silva Tavares, Hubert Saleur, Ananda Roy

Topological defects play a fundamental role in the investigation of symmetries in quantum field theories. For conformal field theories in two space-time dimensions, it is possible to construct these defects using lattice models allowing ab-initio analytical and numerical computations of their characteristics. In this work, topological defects are investigate

Jack Y. Araz, Christoph Englert, Matthew Kirk, Gilberto Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi

Anomalies in the non-leptonic $\bar{B}^0\rightarrow D^{(*)+}K^{(*)-}$ and $\bar{B}^0_s\rightarrow D^{(*)+}_s\pi^-$ decays may be an indication of physics beyond the Standard Model, but the large deviations require strongly coupled new physics that should be visible at colliders. We explore three new directions that could lead to viable new physics models, pe

G. Jackson, S. Peigné

We compute the probability distribution for collisional energy loss of an ultrarelativistic parton crossing a quark-gluon plasma. This collisional quenching weight has not been determined previously, unlike the average collisional loss per unit distance, although it should be a more accurate quantity to use in jet-quenching phenomenology. The quenching weigh

Krzysztof Nalewajko, Mateusz Kapusta, Bart Ripperda, Alexander A. Philippov

Magnetized accretion onto spinning black holes can accumulate a large magnetic flux across the event horizon and launch a pair of relativistic jets via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. In the magnetically saturated (arrested) state, excess magnetic flux is ejected from the black hole in episodic magnetic flux eruptions, which result in a significant yet tempo

Tian-Gang Zhou, Thierry Giamarchi

Disordered one-dimensional interacting systems have long been characterized via conventional correlation functions. A complementary quantum-information perspective quantifies the randomness of the unitary ensemble dynamics generated by a quantum system through the frame potential, which serves as a practical diagnostic for quantum algorithmic performance. Ho

Matthew Diaz, Masoud Mohammadi-Arzanagh, Yingyue Zhu, Mohammad Hafezi

Parallel processing of information plays a critical role in accelerating computation. This includes quantum computers, where parallel processing of quantum information will play a critical role in practical quantum advantage. Here, we demonstrate a new type of parallel entangling gates in a trapped-ion quantum computer, that simultaneously provides efficient

Jacob R. Taylor, Sankar Das Sarma, Seth Musser

We provide a route to constructing an electronic quantum charge liquid (QCL), a state made up of fermions at fractional filling of a lattice that does not break translation. Starting with spinless fermions at filling $\nu=3/2$ we pair them to get bosons at filling $\nu=3/4$ per unit cell. The tetramer model, a generalization of the dimer model, on the square

Erini Lambrides, Taylor A. Hutchison, Rebecca L. Larson, Pablo Arrabal Haro

The enigmatic population of ``Little Red Dots'' (LRDs) sit at the center of some of the largest debates in extragalactic astronomy today. The source(s) of ionizing emission and the physical scale over which it governs is still largely unknown. We show for the first time spectroscopic variability in a z ~ 7 LRD. Comparing a recently obtained 10.2 hr JWST/NIRS

Amir Siraj, Christopher F. Chyba, Scott Tremaine

The decade-long debate over the existence of apsidal clustering in the outer solar system is poised for reignition given the plethora of distant trans-Neptunian object (TNO) discoveries expected from the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Here, we present a new conditional-likelihood method to measure apsidal clus

Arnau Bas i Beneito, Ajdin Palavrić, Andrea Sainaghi

We develop a systematic effective field theory framework for studying $|\Delta B|=2$ interactions across energy scales. Using chiral symmetry, we construct the complete and non-redundant set of operators governing these interactions at low energies and establish their connection to the corresponding operators in the Standard Model effective field theory, as

Lukas Kaufmann, Timo Weigand, Max Wiesner

Quantum corrections can severely modify or even remove classical infinite distance limits in four-dimensional gravity theories with minimal N=1 supersymmetry. In this note we study this effect for infinite distance directions in the classical K\"ahler moduli sector of Type IIA orientifolds at fixed four-dimensional dilaton. We present several independent arg

Simon J. Evered, Muqing Xu, Sophie H. Li, Alexandra A. Geim

Creation and manipulation of entanglement with low error is essential in quantum information systems. In practice, two-qubit entangling gates constitute a dominant error source, limiting circuit depths and performance in fault-tolerant architectures. Using a neutral-atom quantum processor, we realize entangling CZ gates with a high Rabi frequency smooth-ampl

Yoav Zigdon

This paper corroborates a statement that perturbative string theory does not admit a solution whose spacetime metric is de Sitter times a closed manifold, to all orders in the $\alpha'$ and $g_s$ expansions, under the assumption that the logarithm of the sphere partition function of Euclidean quantum gravity receives a nonzero contribution proportional to $\

Christoph Dlapa, Gregor Kälin, Zhengwen Liu, Rafael A. Porto

Using the worldline effective field theory formalism, we derive the nonlocal-in-time conservative contributions arising from tail effects in gravitational scattering to fifth Post-Minkowskian (5PM) and tenth self-force (10SF) orders. The result features multiple polylogarithms of up to weight three. This challenging computation relies on state-of-the-art int

P. Nazari, N. Brunken, Y. Chen, K. Slavicinska

Nitrogen-bearing molecules are more difficult to observe than oxygen-bearing ones, mainly due to the lower abundance of nitrogen in the interstellar medium. Therefore, the formation pathways of many of these species is still under debate. Studies prior to the launch of the JWST did not have the sensitivity to observe ices toward the youngest and most deeply

Jinxiang Meng, Shaoping Huang, Fangyu Lei, Jingyu Guo

Real-world data visualization (DV) requires native environmental grounding, cross-platform evolution, and proactive intent alignment. Yet, existing benchmarks often suffer from code-sandbox confinement, single-language creation-only tasks, and assumption of perfect intent. To bridge these gaps, we introduce DV-World, a benchmark of 260 tasks designed to eval

Chien-Chih Chen, Wojciech Golab

In decentralized non-custodial micropayments, the central challenge is not whether payments can be executed directly, but under what conditions such systems can offer credit limits without requiring full collateral backing. Existing approaches typically tie available credit to posted collateral, causing liquidity requirements to scale with transaction volume

Brayan Gutierrez, Rinki Ratnapriya, Arko Barman

Identifying genes associated with diseases is crucial to understanding disease mechanisms and developing therapies. However, identification of individual genes associated with a disease often needs to be supplemented with clustering analysis to understand the relationships between genes and identify gene modules beyond individual gene-level relationships. Ge

Kassie Archer, Christina Graves

A permutation $\pi$ strongly avoids the pattern $\tau$ if both $\pi$ and $\pi^2$ avoid $\tau$. In this paper, we enumerate permutations of size $n$ that strongly avoid the pattern 132. This enumeration allows us to prove a conjecture that the growth rate of such permutations is 2.

Daniel Han, Taysun Kimm, Cheonsu Kang, Jaehyun Lee

Multi-wavelength observations of molecular and ionized gas indicate that GMCs are short-lived, generally dispersing within one or two dynamical timescales. To investigate the physical origin of these short lifetimes and the role of star formation prescriptions, we conduct radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of an NGC 300-like disk galaxy with RAMSES-RT. We co

Mohamed Amine Ouchdiri, Mohamed-Camil Belhadjoudja, Mohamed Maghenem, Saad Benjelloun

Boundary controllers have been recently proposed in the literature, via modal decomposition, to achieve $H^1$ stabilization of linear parabolic equations in two and three dimensions. In one dimension ($1$-D), $H^1$ exponential stability is known to imply boundedness and asymptotic convergence of the state to zero in the sense of the max norm. However, in two

Peter Ludwig Rodríguez-Kessler

The structural stability, electronic structure, and bonding characteristics of the silver-doped boron cluster B18Ag2 were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) combined with global optimization techniques. Basin-hopping searches identify a bent double-ring structure as the global minimum, consisting of two stacked B9 rings symmetrically stabiliz

Chu-Cheng Lin, Eugene Ie

SFT-then-RLVR is widely used for post-training reasoning models, but why this specific ordering, and why RLVR-only stalls at cold start, have lacked a unifying theoretical account. We provide that account under a unified loss family $J_Q$ using the Tsallis $q$-logarithm. $J_Q$ is a single-parameter family that interpolates between RLVR (at $q{=}0$, the \text

Dean E. Alvarez, ChengXiang Zhai

One reason the Web is more useful than a simple collection of documents is that the structure created by hyperlinks enables flexible navigation from one web page to another. However, hyperlinks are typically created manually and cannot fully capture a corpus' implicit semantic structures. Is there a general way to make an arbitrary collection navigable? Rece

Christopher Potts, Moritz Sudhof

How much does a user's skill with AI shape what AI actually delivers for them? This question is critical for users, AI product builders, and society at large, but it remains underexplored. Using a richly annotated sample of 27K transcripts from WildChat-4.8M, we show that fluent users take on more complex tasks than novices and adopt a fundamentally differen

Andre Herz, Daniel Durstewitz, Georgia Koppe

Identity teacher forcing (ITF) enables stable training of deterministic recurrent surrogates for chaotic dynamical systems and has been highly effective for dynamical systems reconstruction (DSR) with recurrent neural networks (RNNs), including interpretable almost-linear RNNs (AL-RNNs). However, as an intervention-based prediction loss (and thus a generaliz

Ajmain Inqiad Alam, Palash Roy, Chanchal K. Roy, Banani Roy

The accelerating adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering (SE) has brought with it a silent crisis: unsustainable computational cost. While these models demonstrate remarkable capabilities in different SE tasks, they are unmanageably large, slow to deploy, memory-intensive, and carbon-heavy. This reality threatens not only the scalabi

James Pustejovsky

Distributional and neural approaches to natural language semantics have been built almost exclusively on conventional linear algebra: vectors, matrices, tensors, and the operations that accompany them. These methods have achieved remarkable empirical success, yet they face persistent structural limitations in compositional semantics, type sensitivity, and in

Simone Cecchini, Sven Hirsch, Rudolf Zeidler

We prove a sharp stable $2$-systolic inequality for complex projective space under the scalar curvature lower bound of the normalized Fubini-Study metric. If $M$ is diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{C}\mathrm{P}^n$ and $\mathrm{scal}_g\ge 4n(n+1)$, then $\mathrm{sys}_2^{\mathrm{st}}(M,g)\le \pi$. Moreover, equality holds only for the Fubini-Study metric, up to bihol

Dominik Żurek, Kamil Faber, Marcin Pietron, Paweł Gajewski

Continual offline reinforcement learning (CORL) aims to learn a sequence of tasks from datasets collected over time while preserving performance on previously learned tasks. This setting corresponds to domains where new tasks arise over time, but adapting the model in live environment interactions is expensive, risky, or impossible. However, CORL inherits th

Michal Vališka, Tetiana Haidamak, Andrej Cabala, Petr Proschek

We report ultrasound velocity measurements on an ultraclean UTe$_2$ single crystal with $T_c>2$~K for $H \parallel b$, performed up to 18~T and down to 0.33~K. The measurements provide the missing bulk thermodynamic evidence for an additional high-field phase boundary near $μ_0H\sim14$--15~T. A distinct, non-hysteretic anomaly in the longitudinal $C_{33}$ mo

Steve Coyne

Preference-based alignment methods, most prominently Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF), use the judgments of human annotators to shape large language model behaviour. However, the normative role of these judgments is rarely made explicit. I distinguish three conceptual models of that role. The first is extension: annotators extend the system

Adriano Zanin Zambom, Beck Saunders

In this paper we develop a consistent variable selection procedure for GARCH-X models that identifies the truly relevant exogenous covariates influencing volatility dynamics. The proposed method is based on a multiple hypothesis testing framework with Wald-type test statistics and the Benjamini-Yekutieli False Discovery Rate (FDR) procedure to control the pr

Yifan Jing, Akshat Mudgal

We prove a structural result for sets of integers with doubling at most $4 + \delta$, with $\delta>0$ sufficiently small. This generalises earlier work of Eberhard--Green--Manners which dealt with sets of integers with doubling strictly less than $4$, and makes progress towards a question of Green.

Luka Andrenšek

We study certain dynamical and metric aspects of Kiselman's semigroup $K_n$. The level function $\mathcal{L}$ is introduced and shown to admit a simple description in terms of right multiplication by generators. We show that every sequence of partial products in $K_n$ is eventually constant. Using $\mathcal{L}$, we further study sequences of random partial p

Jan Dubiński, Jan Betley, Anna Sztyber-Betley, Daniel Tan

Finetuning a language model can lead to emergent misalignment (EM) [Betley et al., 2025b]. Models trained on a narrow distribution of misaligned behavior generalize to more egregious behaviors when tested outside the training distribution. We study a set of interventions proposed to reduce EM. We confirm that these interventions reduce or eliminate EM on exi

Marzieh Alireza Mirhoseini

We present an observation-guided neural surrogate-learning framework for scientific simulation emulation, demonstrated on urban flood-inundation mapping. The framework combines LISFLOOD-FP hydrodynamic simulations with a real Gauge L stage record that is mapped to the simulation grid and converted to a datum-consistent local water-depth target before being u

Claudio Corianò

These notes are written for a memorial Session dedicated to George Lazarides. They revisit a joint work on the cosmology of a gauged axion and place it in a broader line of ideas connecting anomalous gauge symmetries, orientifold effective actions, Stueckelberg fields and dark matter. In models with an anomalous extra $U(1)$ symmetry, the Stueckelberg pseudo

Anas Gamal Aly, Hala ElAarag

Current pedestrian crossing signals operate on fixed timing without adjustment to pedestrian behavior, which can leave vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as the elderly, disabled, or distracted pedestrians stranded when the light changes. We introduce No Pedestrian Left Behind (NPLB), a real-time adaptive traffic signal system that monitors VRUs in crosswalks

Pahal D. Patel, Sanmay Ganguly

Graph neural networks such as ParticleNet and transformer based networks on point clouds such as ParticleTransformer achieve state-of-the-art performance on jet tagging benchmarks at the Large Hadron Collider, yet the physical reasoning behind their predictions remains opaque. We present different methods, i.e. perturbation-based (GNNExplainer), Shapley-valu

Shuxiang Cao, Zijian Zhang, Abhishek Agarwal, Grace Bratrud

Quantum computing calibration depends on interpreting experimental data, and calibration plots provide the most universal human-readable representation for this task, yet no systematic evaluation exists of how well vision-language models (VLMs) interpret them. We introduce QCalEval, the first VLM benchmark for quantum calibration plots: 243 samples across 87

Fabian Meylahn, Henning Vahlbruch, Benno Willke

Optical resonator-enhanced nonlinear interactions are of great importance for the efficient generation of continuous-wave second harmonic generation, optical parametric oscillation, frequency mixing, and the generation of squeezed light. In order to maximize these interactions within the intra-cavity nonlinear material, high intensities, optimal phase matchi

A. Trokhymchuk, V. Hordiichuk, R. Melnyk, I. Nezbeda

The equation of state and, more generally, the thermodynamics of the Lennard-Jones fluid have long served as a benchmark problem in the statistical theory of fluids. Among available theoretical approaches, first-order perturbation theory occupies a special position: only at this level does the correction to the Helmholtz free energy admit an exact statistica

Vaughn Climenhaga, Jason Day

Finite horizon Sinai billiard maps are examples of uniformly hyperbolic systems with singularities. These discontinuities make it more difficult to develop the classical theory of thermodynamic formalism. Nevertheless, Baladi and Demers established a variational principle for these systems, and proved that if the billiard table satisfies a certain sparse rec

Nazia Shehnaz Joynab, Soneya Binta Hossain

Resolution of complex post-production issues in large-scale open-source software (OSS) projects requires significant cognitive effort, as developers need to go through long, unstructured and fragmented issue discussion threads before that. In this paper, we present SWE-MIMIC-Bench, an issue trajectory dataset generated from raw GitHub discussions using an au

Eugen Bronasco, Jean-Luc Falcone, Gilles Vilmart

We design the Arboretum$.$hs package for symbolic computations with algebras of trees and more general graphs in Haskell. Thanks to the declarative nature of functional programming, the package's implementation closely follows mathematical definitions, making the code intuitive and transparent for users working with algebraic and combinatorial structures. To

Ray Iskander, Khaled Kirah

This is Paper 6 of a series of formally-verified analyses of masked NTT hardware for post-quantum cryptography; Paper 1 [1] established structural dependency analysis of the QANARY platform, and Paper 2 [2] quantified security margins under partial NTT masking. Boolean masking composition is well-understood through NI, SNI, and PINI. Arithmetic masking over

Shengjun Zhang

We study a natural analogue of Ulam's problem for random rooted trees distributed according to a Plancherel-type measure. This probability measure is closely related to the classical Plancherel measure on integer partitions. For a Plancherel random tree $T_n$ with $n$ vertices, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of its height $H_n$, defined as the maxima

Yu-Kuo Hsiao, Shu-Ting Cai, Yan-Li Wang

The singly Cabibbo suppressed (SCS) decays $D\to \pi a_0$, with $a_0\equiv a_0(980)$, have been measured with the branching-fraction ratios $r^{+/-}_{\rm ex}\equiv {\cal B}(D^0\to\pi^- a_0^+)/{\cal B}(D^0\to\pi^+ a_0^-)=7.5^{+2.5}_{-0.8}\pm 1.7$ and $r^{+/0}_{\rm ex}\equiv {\cal B}(D^+\to\pi^0 a_0^+)/{\cal B}(D^+\to\pi^+ a_0^0)=2.6\pm 0.6\pm 0.3$, deviating

Johannes Braathen

Reconstructing the shape of the Higgs potential realised in Nature is one of the most pressing tasks of current and future colliders. This will offer deep insights into the dynamics of the electroweak phase transition and provide a unique opportunity to probe physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this context, it is essential to have precise theory pre

Jean-Pierre Magnot

We introduce cosurfaces with values in the group \(\PC_n(H)\) of \(H\)-valued reciprocal pairwise comparison matrices. The composition law is covariant on upper triangular coefficients and contravariant on lower triangular coefficients, which makes \(\PC_n(H)\) a natural target for oriented gluing constructions. Starting from a directed family of finite orie

Shuning Shang, Hubert Strauss, Stanley Wei, Sanjeev Arora

Training language models via reinforcement learning often relies on imperfect proxy rewards, since ground truth rewards that precisely define the intended behavior are rarely available. Standard metrics for assessing the quality of proxy rewards, such as ranking accuracy, treat incorrect rewards as strictly harmful. In this work, however, we highlight that n

Sanjit Bhowmick, Kuntal Deka, Edgar Martínez-Moro

We investigate a natural subfamily of twisted linearized Reed--Solomon (TLRS) codes in the sum-rank metric, where the twist is applied only to the constant term. We establish a simple necessary and sufficient condition for these codes to be linear complementary dual (LCD): the twisting parameter \(\eta\) must satisfy \(\eta^2 \neq -1\) in the underlying fiel

Matthias Nägele, Cedric Bös, Chester Tan, Christian M. Fromm

General-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GR-MHD) simulations are essential for studying black hole accretion, relativistic jets, and magnetic reconnection, yet their computational cost severely limits systematic parameter exploration. We investigate neural operator surrogates for two astrophysically relevant simulation scenarios produced by the Black Hole A

Claire Griesbach, Dennis M. Kochmann

Electron backscatter diffraction is a powerful tool for mapping crystallographic microstructures. However, the primary crux to improving orientation accuracy and applying the technique to challenging materials lies in the correct calibration of the sample-detector geometry. Many approaches have aimed at overcoming this barrier through various pattern center

Austin Brown

This article extends weak convergence bounds of Markov transition kernels to convergence bounds on the variance of the Markov kernel applied to Lipschitz functions. In the reversible case, weak convergence rates of the transition kernels imply chi-squared divergence convergence bounds if the density of the initialization measure is Lipschitz. These results p

Davide Bigoni, Domenico Capuani

Boundary integral equations are presented to analyze perturbations in terms of small elastic deformations superimposed upon an arbitrary, homogeneous strain. Plane strain deformations of an incompressible, prestressed, anisotropic, elastic solid are considered assuming the Biot constitutive framework. The special case of perturbations of stress/deformation i

Sihan Chen, Aashish A. Clerk

There is widespread interest in many-body quantum systems that exhibit limit-cycle or time-crystalline behaviour. An ideal quantum limit cycle would be realized using fully coherent driving (to minimize noise) and also have a continuous internal symmetry (to ensure generation of monochromatic radiation). While these two requirements may seem incompatible, we

Leon Kogler, Stefan Hangler, Maximilian Ehrhart, Benedikt Dornauer

Existing REST API testing tools are typically evaluated using code coverage and crash-based fault metrics. However, recent LLM-based approaches increasingly generate tests from NL requirements to validate functional behaviour, making traditional metrics weak proxies for whether generated tests validate intended behaviour. To address this gap, we present REST

Spyros Tserkis, Muhammad Umer, Eleftherios Mastorakis, Dimitris G. Angelakis

The decomposition of complex quantum operations into experimentally feasible gate sets has been a central challenge since the early development of quantum computing. The multi-controlled Toffoli (MCT) gate is a key example, with applications across a wide range of quantum algorithms, whose decomposition into smaller gates, however, typically leads to deep ci

Pengcheng Fang, Hongli Chen, Xiaohao Cai

World action models jointly predict future video and action during training, raising an open question about what role the future-prediction branch actually plays. A recent finding shows that this branch can be removed at inference with little to no loss on common manipulation benchmarks, suggesting that future information may act merely as a regularizer on t

Felipe Arnholda, Flavio Rocha, Lucio Prade, Cristiano Bonato Both

Network Slice as a Service (NSaaS) is a key enabler of Beyond Fifth Generation (5G) and Sixth Generation (6G) networks, supporting next-generation applications such as extended reality (XR), immersive services, and the tactile Internet. These networks must provide native support for slice-aware services across the entire Radio Access Network (RAN), including

Ignacio Labarca-Figueroa, Heiko Gimperlein

The Smoluchowski diffusion equation describes diffusion in the presence of external forces. Studying the mechanical response of soft materials to linear forces, such as shear, results in a boundary value problem involving an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator in an exterior domain with non-constant, unbounded coefficients. In this article, we present efficient and

Ehsan Abedi, Florian Bechtold, Marco Rehmeier

We derive a general scheme to construct infinitely many probabilistic counterparts for solutions to nonlinear PDEs by recasting the latter as different nonlinear Fokker--Planck equations and by constructing, for each of these equations, a solution to the associated McKean--Vlasov SDE with one-dimensional time marginal densities given by the PDE solution. We

Zhou Hanlin, Chan Huah Yong

Long-horizon LLM tasks often fail not because a single answer is unattainable, but because knowledge states drift across rounds, intermediate commitments remain implicit, and interruption fractures the evolving evidence chain. This paper presents ADEMA as a knowledge-state orchestration architecture for long-horizon knowledge synthesis rather than as a gener

Jianghao Lin, Zi Ling, Chenyu Zhou, Tianyi Xu

Optimization modeling underpins real-world decision-making in logistics, manufacturing, energy, and public services, but reliably solving such problems from natural-language requirements remains challenging for current large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we propose \emph{Agora-Opt}, a modular agentic framework for optimization modeling that combines

Even Eilertsen, Vasileios Mavroeidis, Gudmund Grov

Security analysts are overwhelmed by the volume of alerts and the low context provided by many detection systems. Early-stage investigations typically require manual correlation across multiple log sources, a task that is usually time-consuming. In this paper, we present an experimental, agentic workflow that leverages large language models (LLMs) augmented

Zhu Guojun, Zhang Sanguo, Ren Mingyang

Label noise presents a fundamental challenge in modern machine learning, especially when large-scale datasets are generated via automated processes. An increasingly common and important data paradigm, particularly in domains like medical imaging, involves learning from a large dataset with coarse, noisy labels supplemented by a small, expert-verified, clean

Xu Liu, Xu Chen, Chuizhen Chen, Boqin Song

Orderings in charge and spin have been extensively studied to unravel their correlation to emergent superconductivity over the past decades. Bragg-Williams order (BWO), a classical structural order parameter describing site occupancy in alloys, has long been speculated to influence superconducting behavior. Yet, its role still remains ambiguous, largely due

Tom Gannon, Victor Ginzburg

We give a simple description of the coordinate ring of the universal centralizer associated to a simply connected semisimple group. To this end, we prove a general result on Weil restriction of affine schemes $X$ over the Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak{t}$ equipped with a compatible action of the Weyl group $W$. Specifically, we show that the coordinate ring o

Benjamin Bergougnoux, Vera Chekan, Stefan Kratsch

In this work we contribute to the study of the fine-grained complexity of problems parameterized by multi-clique-width, which was initiated by F\"urer [ITCS 2017] and pursued further by Chekan and Kratsch [MFCS 2023]. Multi-clique-width is a parameter defined analogously to clique-width but every vertex is allowed to hold multiple labels simultaneously. This

Nguyen Khoi Hoang, Shuhaib Mehri, Tse-An Hsu, Yi-Jyun Sun

Patient simulators are gaining traction in mental health training by providing scalable exposure to complex and sensitive patient interactions. Simulating depressed patients is particularly challenging, as safety constraints and high patient variability complicate simulations and underscore the need for simulators that capture diverse and realistic patient b

Tianbao Ma, Ruochen Yang, Chengen Li, Yuexin Shi

User retention is a key metric to measure long-term engagement in modern platforms. In real-time bidding (RTB) advertising system for user re-engagement, the retention model is required to predict future revisit probability at bidding time, before the user converts and consumes any content. Although post-conversion content, termed Onboarding Content, provide

Deekshit Kumar, Ekata Nandy, Biswarup Paul, Subikash Choudhury

The measurement of polarization serves as an important probe to investigate the production mechanism of quarkonia, the bound state of heavy quark anti-quark (charm or bottom) pairs, in hadronic collisions. In experimental invesigations, the polarization is usually measured by analyzing the anisotropies in the angular distribution of the muons originating fro

Ethan Harvey, Michael C. Hughes

The marginal likelihood, also known as the evidence, is regarded as a mathematical embodiment of Occam's razor, enabling model selection that avoids overfitting. The evidence lower bound (ELBO) objective from variational inference has also been used for similar purposes. Prior work has shown that restricting the approximate posterior family via a mean-field

Alessandro Campa, Andrea Trombettoni

We study the thermodynamic phase diagram of a one-dimensional quantum spin chain subjected to both mean-field and nearest-neighbor interactions, and to a transverse magnetic field $h$. The purpose is to determine the effect of the quantum fluctuations, due to the transverse field, on the phase diagram, in particular with respect to the occurrence of ensemble

Alejandro Fructuoso-Bonet, Jesús Rodríguez-López

Metric-preserving functions (here, metric aggregation functions) offer a natural method for constructing metrics on Cartesian products of metric spaces or for aggregating multiple metrics defined on a common set. Strongly metric-preserving functions represent a more specialized subset of these functions, ensuring that the new metric aligns with the product t

B. A. Kniehl, S. -O. Moch, V. N. Velizhanin, A. Vogt

We consider the anomalous dimension $γ_{gg}^{(3)}(N)$ of the twist-two gluon operator of arbitrary Lorentz spin $N$ in the quark flavor singlet sector of a general gauge theory at four loops and construct its contribution proportional to $ζ(3)$ in analytic form by applying the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász algorithm to the available low-$N$ moments. We exploit gene

Amir Habibdoust, Xing Song

Real-world evidence (RWE) studies that emulate target trials increasingly inform regulatory and clinical decisions, yet residual, hard-to-quantify biases still limit their credibility. The recently proposed BenchExCal framework addresses this challenge via a two-stage Benchmark, Expand, Calibrate process, which first compares an observational emulation again

Chukwudi Uwasomba, Tamara Lopez, Melanie Langer, Helen Sharp

Social identity is a concept from psychology that refers to the part of an individual's identity that derives from their group membership(s). In this paper, we explore social identity in members of the professional community of Research Software Engineers (RSEs). Using a mixed-methods approach, our study combined computational linguistic analysis and inferen

Moritz Flemming, Paul Zechel, Rakesh R. Nair, Emil Mahnke

Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) stand out for their interplay between ionic and electronic conduction, making them ideal analogues to biological synapses for neuromorphic computing and biosensing applications. Furthermore, they can be printed into integrated circuits on flexible substrates, enabling low-cost and high-throughput fabrication of com

Ervin Győri, Hilal Hama Karim

The planar Tur\'a number of a graph $F$ is the maximum number of edges an $n$-vertex $F$-free planar graph can have. We study the case where $F$ is forbidden as an induced subgraph, thereby introducing the induced planar Tur\'a numbers. We will determine a sharp upper bound when $F$ is $\Theta_4$, a $4$-cycle with a diagonal edge, and obtain exact extremal v

Shion Andrew, Haochen Wang, Kiyoshi Masui, Josh Borrow

The dispersion of fast radio bursts (FRBs) measures the column density of free electrons, tracing the diffuse ionized gas that contains more than $90\%$ of all baryons. On linear scales the FRB dispersion field is an approximately unbiased tracer of the matter distribution, an idea long assumed in the FRB large-scale structure literature and recently formali

Vesko Valov

For any Tychonoff space $X$ let $C_p(X)$ (resp., $C^*_p(X)$) be the set of all continuous (resp., and bounded) functions on $X$ with the pointwise convergence topology. Given Tychonoff spaces $X$ and $Y$, Uspenskij \cite{us} proved that if $C_p(X)$ is uniformly homeomorphic to $C_p(Y)$, then $X$ is pseudocompact if and only if $Y$ is pseudocompact. The autho

Chih-Kang Huang, Giacomo Antonioli, Frédéric Barbaresco

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are fundamental across numerous scientific fields. As these problems scale to high dimensions, classical numerical schemes introduce severe computational bottlenecks, known as the curse of dimensionality. Attempts to solve this problem typically rely on either classical sparsity and low-rank decompositions, or neural net

Samantha Friess, Aviral Prakash, John A. Evans

Neural networks offer highly expressive turbulence closures, yet their complexity obscures the physical mechanisms they aim to model, and their computational cost can limit their tractability. To address these limitations, we introduce a sparsity-promoting subgrid-scale (SGS) stress closure modeling framework that identifies explicit polynomial model forms u