April 2026 arXiv papers — page 31

Anders Johansen, Wladimir Lyra

The streaming instability and pebble accretion are two physical mechanisms with demonstrated potentials to drive, respectively, the formation of planetesimals and the growth of planetary systems containing a diverse range of planetary types. Here we explore the protoplanetary disc conditions in terms of turbulence strength, Stokes number and initial disc siz

Wei-Chun Chen, Yu-Xuan Chen, I-Fang Chung, Ying-Jia Lin

Accurate nutrient estimation from unstructured recipe text is an important yet challenging problem in dietary monitoring, due to ambiguous ingredient terminology and highly variable quantity expressions. We systematically evaluate models spanning a wide range of representational capacity, from lexical matching methods (TF-IDF with Ridge Regression), to deep

Jori Taipale, Olli Tyrväinen, Tuure Tuunanen, Joel Mero

Effective orchestration is a critical driver of success in quantum computing innovation (QCI) ecosystems. Heterogeneous actor goals, roles, and power relations, however, produce tensions that confront orchestrators with paradoxical situations in which they must navigate trade-offs between competing demands. To orchestrate an ecosystem effectively, these tens

Ryutaro Okuma, Yuita Fujisawa, Natsumi Maekawa, Akiko Nakao

CeTe$_3$ is a van der Waals antiferromagnet composed of magnetic [CeTe]$^+$ layers coupled to highly conducting Te$^{0.5-}$ square nets. Its simple quasi-two-dimensional electronic structure and cleavable nature make it an appealing platform for exploring correlated magnetism in reduced dimensions. To clarify the nature of its low-temperature state, we perfo

Sebastian Lubos, Alexander Felfernig, Damian Garber, Viet-Man Le

Usability describes quality attributes of application user interfaces that determine how effectively users can interact with them. Traditional usability evaluation methods require considerable expertise and resources, which can be challenging, especially for small teams and organizations. Automating usability evaluation could make it more accessible and help

Takashi Inoue, Shoji Yamamoto

We study first-order (single-magnon) inelastic light scatterings in spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ two-dimensional quasiperiodic antiferromagnets in comparison with those emergent on periodic lattices. Unlike second-order (two-magnon) Raman scatterings based on an exchange interaction between neighboring spins, the present observations involve an indirect electric-dipol

Lipika, Sneh, Shobha Singh, Ralf Koban

We report the growth of high-quality single crystals of the magnetic topological semimetal EuAuBi using a Pb flux method, which effectively suppresses the formation of secondary Au2Bi impurity phases that were prevalent in the previously reported Bi flux grown crystals. This growth optimization enables reliable investigation of the intrinsic physical propert

Julius Rauscher, Frederik L. Dennig, Udo Schlegel, Daniel A. Keim

The analysis of spatiotemporal data is essential in domains such as epidemiology and environmental monitoring, where understanding the interplay between spatially distributed phenomena and their temporal evolution is critical. Dense pixel visualizations offer a compact, effective overview of spatiotemporal dynamics. However, the necessary linearization of 2D

Yuto Kinoshita, Masayuki Toyoda, Yoshiaki Kobayashi, Masayuki Itoh

Spatially resolved characterization of the critical current density Jc in superconductors under high magnetic fields is crucial for both fundamental understanding and practical applications. However, conventional techniques primarily provide bulk-averaged values, making it difficult to resolve local variations of Jc, especially in high magnetic fields. In th

Jongyoon Kim, Minseong Hwang, Seung-won Hwang

Unsupervised domain adaptation generalizes neural retrievers to an unseen domain by generating pseudo queries on target domain documents. The quality and efficiency of this adaptation critically depend on which documents are selected for pseudo query generation. The existing document sampling method focuses on diversity but fails to capture model uncertainty

Nicolas Viaux

We study the early post-bounce neutrino signal of the published Garching $15\,M_\odot$ rotating core-collapse supernova (CCSN) sequence consisting of non-rotating (NR), slowly rotating (SR, $Ω_0=0.5$ rad\,s$^{-1}$), and fast-rotating (FR, $Ω_0=150$ rad\,s$^{-1}$, artificially boosted ${\sim}300{\times}$) three-dimensional models. We present a new analysis of

Sodbaatar Adiya, Khongorzul Dorjgotov, Bayarmagnai Gombodorj, Bayarpurev Mongol

Time-fractional telegraph equations provide fundamental mathematical models for transport processes that exhibit memory and nonlocal effects in industrial and physical systems. These models arise naturally in heat transport in materials with thermal memory, wave propagation in viscoelastic media, and charge transport in spatially heterogeneous semiconductor

T. Ramburuth-Hurt, A. De Cia, J. -K. Krogager, C. Ledoux

Investigating the chemical complexity of the interstellar medium (ISM) is key for understanding its physical nature and evolution. In this work, we study parsec-scale interstellar dust clouds in the neutral ISM of the Milky Way using two different probes: dust depletion and dust extinction. We examine their relationship to investigate the distribution of met

Jiang He, Jian-Chao Sun, Yue Huang, Yong-Wei Dong

The Space multi-band Variable Object Monitor (SVOM) is an astronomical satellite jointly developed by China and France, primarily focused on the detection of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and transient sources. The SVOM satellite was launched on 22nd June, 2024 with four payloads installed onboard. As one of payload, GRM comprises 3 gamma-ray detectors (each detec

Chaitanya Gupta, Anthony J. Short

We study the time it takes for all states of a finite quantum system to return simultaneously to their original configuration. In particular, we define the recurrence time for a quantum system to be the time at which all time-evolved states are close to their initial configuration, and at least one state has deviated significantly during this interval. Consi

Hirotaka Manaka, Kazuma Seike, Yoko Miura

We introduce a holonomy-based geometric diagnostic for birefringence-derived director fields and apply it to stress-induced ferroelectric SrTiO$_3$. Treating the director as a line field in $\mathbb{R}P^2$, we define a holonomy angle $ω$ from residual rotations accumulated along closed loops in real space and compare it with a conventional local-gradient met

Chao-Fan Wen, Yi-Qin Chen, Shi-Yi Zhao, Hao Ding

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are rapidly advancing toward the detection of continuous gravitational waves from individual supermassive binary black holes. While it is well established that coherently utilizing the ``pulsar term" requires astrometric distance uncertainties to be smaller than the gravitational wavelength, achieving this precision across an

Imko Marijnissen, J. Christopher Beck, Emir Demirović, Ryo Kuroiwa

There are two prevalent model-based paradigms for combinatorial problems: 1) state-based representations, such as heuristic search, dynamic programming (DP), and decision diagrams, and 2) constraint and domain-based representations, such as constraint programming (CP), (mixed-)integer programming, and Boolean satisfiability. In this paper, we bridge the gap

Haoyang Tan, Yi Zheng, Xiyuan Lu, Yang Liu

Optical microcombs generated in high-Q microresonators are promising chip-scale light sources for applications ranging from optical communications to spectroscopy and metrology. However, thermo-optic instabilities remain a major obstacle to reliable soliton access. Self-cooling using auxiliary modes can stabilize the intracavity power, yet part of the power

Dennis Stello, Timothy R. Bedding, Ronald L. Gilliland

Globular clusters provide unique opportunities to study stellar evolution -- as the second brightest cluster, 47 Tuc is a prime target. Asteroseismology can be used to measure precise masses of stars and has recently been applied to red giants in globular clusters, but so far not for 47 Tuc. Here, we present a search for solar-like oscillations in red giants

Namu Kroupa, Will Handley

We identify a fundamental pathology in the likelihood for time delay inference which challenges standard inference methods. By analysing the likelihood for time delay inference with Gaussian process light curve models, we show that it generically develops a boundary-driven "W"-shape with a global maximum at the true delay and gradual rises towards th

A. Andres, V. Hejny, A. Nass, N. N. Nikolaev

Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) provide a sensitive probe of physics beyond the Standard Model and are directly linked to additional sources of CP violation that could explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. EDM measurements of charged particles in storage rings rely on detecting a small tilt of the invariant spin axis with respect

Florian Herren, Raynette van Tonder

Modern measurements in flavour physics rely on accurate simulations of signal and background processes, provided by a wide range of general-purpose and specialised Monte-Carlo event generators. Due to the inclusion of a larger amount of specialised decays of heavy hadrons, EvtGen is often the tool of choice for many scenarios. We investigate the phase-space

Kensuke Okada, Yui Furukawa, Kyosuke Bunji

Human self-report questionnaires are increasingly used in NLP to benchmark and audit large language models (LLMs), from persona consistency to safety and bias assessments. Yet these instruments presume honest responding; in evaluative contexts, LLMs can instead gravitate toward socially preferred answers-a form of socially desirable responding (SDR)-biasing

Quentin Courtade, Umberto Dellasette, Sotirios Fragkos, Stéphane Petit

Nonequilibrium manipulation of quantum materials via electromagnetic dressing provides an on-demand route to tailoring electronic band structures through Floquet engineering. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy offers a direct means to probe these light-dressed electronic states. In such photoemission experiments, dressing can also occur for

H. V. Ragavendra, Gianmassimo Tasinato, L. Sriramkumar

Cosmological vector fields are central to many early-Universe phenomena, including inflationary dynamics, primordial magnetogenesis, and dark-matter scenarios. However, constructing models able to generate cosmological magnetic fields while avoiding strong coupling, backreaction, and cosmic microwave background constraints remains challenging. We study a nov

Mingzhi Lou, Hong Su, Tao Yang, Yun-Long Zhang

This paper studies the use of optical lattice clock (OLC) detector networks for detecting the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). Starting from the cross-correlation formalism for two OLC detectors, we analyze how the detector geometry influences the overlap reduction function (ORF) and systematically search for configuration transformations tha

Guo-Hong Du, Tian-Nuo Li, Tonghua Liu, Jing-Fei Zhang

General relativity (GR) faces challenges from cosmic acceleration and observational tensions, necessitating stringent tests at cosmological scales. In this work, we probe GR deviations via a $μ$--$Σ$ modified gravity parameterization, integrating KiDS-Legacy weak lensing (WL) data (1347 deg$^2$, $z\leq 2.0$), joint cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from

Sasha Ronaghi, Chloe Stanwyck, Asad Aali, Amir Ronaghi

Adapting language models to the clinical domain through continued pretraining and instruction tuning requires costly retraining for each new model generation. We propose Cross-Architecture Proxy Tuning (CAPT), a model-ensembling approach that enables training-free adaptation of state-of-the-art general-domain models using existing clinical models. CAPT suppo

Yang-Ting Chien, Sonny Mantry

We propose measuring the jet electric charge of jet regions, defined within the framework of global event shapes, as a probe of quark flavor dynamics within the nucleon and the hadronization process. In particular, we consider a measurement of the jet region charge while simultaneously keeping track of the energy flow throughout the event, as characterized b

Steven Ferrante, Maxim Perelstein, Bingrong Yu

We consider the cosmological history of a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) coupled to a light axion-like particle (ALP) via a quadratic coupling. Although the coupling is too feeble to thermalize the ALP, coherent forward scattering between the two sectors induces temperature-dependent mass shifts that substantially modify both WIMP freeze-out and

Daniel C. Qi, Kenshiro Oguri

Applying linear controllers to nonlinear systems requires the dynamical linearization about a reference. In highly nonlinear environments such as cislunar space, the region of validity for these linearizations varies widely and can negatively affect controller performance if not carefully formulated. This paper presents a formulation that minimizes the nonli

Francesco Campagna, Pip Goodman

In this paper we provide an overview of a strategy pioneered by Fontaine and heavily refined by Schoof to classify abelian varieties with prescribed bad reduction. Throughout the overview, we prove various non-trivial background results turning it into an introduction for readers unacquainted with this topic. With the overview completed, we provide explicit

Christoph Riedl

When are multi-agent LLM systems merely a collection of individual agents versus an integrated collective with higher-order structure? We introduce an information-theoretic framework to test -- in a purely data-driven way -- whether multi-agent systems show signs of higher-order structure. This information decomposition lets us measure whether dynamical emer

Yongao Hu, Cari Cesarotti, Tracy R. Slatyer

We examine the status of benchmark simplified dark matter models that have been proposed to explain the GeV gamma-ray Galactic Center excess. We constrain the available parameter space using updated observations from indirect detection, cosmology, direct detection, and accelerators. We show that there is still unconstrained parameter space in both classes of

Aditya Ganesh, Dario Vincenzi, Ranganathan Prabhakar, Jason R. Picardo

Hydrodynamic interactions (HI) between segments of a polymer have long been known to strongly affect polymer stretching in laminar viscometric flows. Yet the role of HI in fluctuating turbulent flows remains unclear. Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we examine the stretching dynamics of bead-spring chains with inter-bead HI, as they are transported in a

Michele Campisi

Quantifying the ergotropy (a.k.a. available energy), namely the maximal amount of energy that can be extracted from a thermally isolated system, is a central problem in quantum thermodynamics. Notably, the same problem has been long studied for classical systems as well, e.g. in plasma physics and astrophysics, where the basic principles for its solution are

Jun Li, Guanghai Guo, Pengfei Yan

Gravitational wave astronomy presents a promising opportunity to directly observe scalar-induced gravitational waves originating from the early universe. Experiments, including ground-based interferometers like LIGO and Virgo, and the Pulsar Timing Array, such as FAST and SKA, are poised to significantly enhance sensitivity to these gravitational waves. In t

Sagnik Chatterjee, Shamim Haque, Kamal Krishna Nath, Rana Nandi

Binary neutron-star mergers offer crucial insights into the matter properties of neutron stars. We present the possible imprints in the gravitational wave signal from the nature of phase transition from such events. Our study employs a one-parameter family of equation of states built using a polytropic approach with a control parameter $Δp$ surveying the fea

Jiatong Li, Yunqing Liu, Wei Liu, Jingdi Le

Molecule discovery is a pivotal research field, impacting everything from medicine to materials. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in molecular understanding and generation, serving as a bridge between the molecular space and the natural language space, yet the alignment between molecules and their corresponding captions remains

Márk Kökényesi

In 1971, Davies proved that finitely many parallel line segments can be simultaneously fully rotated in an arbitrarily small area. In this paper we show that an even stronger statement holds: The unit square can be fully rotated in such a way that each initially vertical line segment sweeps a set of small area. A set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ is said to have the str

Rui Xu, Jacques Doumani, Viktor Labuntsov, Nina Hong

Chiral carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are direct-gap semiconductors with optical properties governed by one-dimensional excitons with enormous oscillator strengths. Each species of chiral CNTs has an enantiomeric pair of left- and right-handed CNTs with nearly identical properties, but enantiomer-dependent phenomena can emerge, especially in nonlinear optical proce

Chilin Zhang

We prove the $C^{2,α}$ regularity of the free boundary in the Signorini problem with variable coefficients. We use a $C^{1,α}$ boundary Harnack inequality in slit domain. The key method is to study a non-standard degenerate elliptic equation and obtain a $C^{1,α}$ Schauder estimate.

Philippa Holdridge

We consider equations of the form $a_{1}x_{1}^{k}+...+a_{s}x_{s}^{k}$ and when they have solutions in the primes. We define an analogue of the Hasse principle for solubility in the primes (which we call the prime Hasse principle), and prove that, whenever $s\ge 3k+2$, this holds for almost all such equations. This is based on work of Brüdern and Dietmann on

Christian Lysenstøen

Deploying machine learning models under production constraints requires joint optimization over model family, quantization scheme, runtime backend, and serving configuration. This induces a hierarchical mixed-variable search space in which many configurations are invalid: evaluations may crash, exceed memory limits, or violate latency constraints. Standard b

Weixing Wang, Liudvikas Zekas, Anton Hackl, Constantin Alexander Auga

Unified Multimodal Models (uMMs) aim to support both visual understanding and visual generation within a shared representation. However, existing evaluation protocols assess these two capabilities independently and do not examine whether they are semantically aligned. As a result, it remains unclear whether current uMMs learn coherent unified representations

Alexander Bienstock, Daniel Escudero, Antigoni Polychroniadou, Zhen Zeng

The prevalence of biometric authentication has been on the rise due to its ease of use and elimination of weak passwords. To date, most biometric authentication systems have been designed for on-device authentication of the device owner (e.g., smartphones and laptops). Recently, biometric authentication systems have started to emerge that are designed to aut

Longxu Pan, Yue Guan, Daigo Shishika, Panagiotis Tsiotras

In this work, we introduce the Deceptive Resource Allocation Game (DRAG), which studies purposeful deception within a Bayesian game framework. In DRAG, a Defender allocates resources across the true asset and several decoys to influence an Attacker's beliefs and actions, with the goal of diverting the Attacker away from the true asset. We seek to characteriz

Sarah Wilson, Stella Tian, Sina Kamali

Fully encrypted protocol-based tools (FEPs) are tools commonly used to circumvent censorship in restrictive regions, valued for their performance and security. However, in recent years, censors have been able to block them using an array of attacks based on passive traffic analysis and active probing. We propose Shaperd, an easily adoptable and real-time tra

O. Yamagishi, G. Watanabe

We propose a quasilinear (QL) flux model in which the saturation amplitude is uniquely determined using multiscale gyrokinetic ordering relations. The model is fully self-contained within a linear framework and does not rely on calibration against nonlinear simulations or mixing-length estimates. The wavenumber-dependent flux is given in ion gyro-Bohm units

Joshua Sherwood, Ben Aybar, Benjamin Kaplan

Forecasting when AI systems will become capable of meaningfully accelerating AI research is a central challenge for AI safety. Existing benchmarks measure broad capability growth, but may not provide ample early warning signals for recursive self-improvement. We propose measuring AI's capability to autonomously implement end-to-end machine learning pipelines

Luis A. Cedeño-Pérez, Alexis E. López-Velázquez

We construct a measure in the hamiltonian function level sets that is invariant under the hamiltonian flow for short times and flow preserving for arbitrarily long times. This allows a probabilistic approach to the study of hamiltonian systems, in the space of states with fixed energy. We prove that this measure generates the microcanonical partition functio

Jong Woo Nam, Amanda S. Rios, Bartlett W. Mel

Object recognition (OR) in humans relies heavily on shape cues and the ability to recognize objects across varying 3D viewpoints. Unlike humans, deep networks often rely on non-shape cues such as texture and background, leading to vulnerabilities in generalization and robustness. To address this gap, we introduce ShapeY, a novel and principled benchmarking f

Wang Xiaoyu, Phong Nguyen, Chen Zhao

Wepresent Alice v1, a 14-billion parameter open-source video generation model that achieves state-of-the-art quality through consistency distillation with score regularization (rCM). Contrary to conventional distillation-which trades quality for speed-we demonstrate that rCM-based distillation can exceed teacher model quality. We attribute this to three mech

Shiyu Wan, Yuhan Qian, Yanyao Yi, Nicole Mayer-Hamblett

A master protocol trial uses a single overarching protocol to test multiple therapies, often across several diseases or subtypes. Although such trials offer considerable flexibility and efficiency, their constrained and non-uniform treatment assignment raises two core challenges: precisely defining treatment effects and conducting robust, efficient inference

Lorenzo J. Díaz, Katrin Gelfert, Xiaodong Wang, Jiagang Yang

We study the Lyapunov spectrum of the ergodic measures of isolated homoclinic classes of $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms. We show that this spectrum has nonempty interior and that any vector in its interior is the spectrum of some ergodic measure fully supported on the homoclinic class. We also discuss the averaged Lyapunov spectrum of homoclinic classes (an e

Suryanarayana Maddu, Victor Chardès, Michael J. Shelley

Cellular differentiation is governed by gene regulatory networks, the high-dimensional stochastic biochemical systems that determine the transcriptional landscape and mediate cellular responses to signals and perturbations. Although single-cell RNA sequencing provides quantitative snapshots of the transcriptome, current methods for inferring gene-regulatory

Zeyu Bai

Custom policy-learning pipelines in Spark fail for two coupled systems reasons: rowwise Python execution makes inference impractical, and driver-side candidate materialization makes split search fragile at feature scale. We present Spark Policy Toolkit, a semantics-governed systems toolkit for scalable policy learning in Spark. The toolkit provides two Spark

Tianyang Wang, Ziyu Su, Abdul Rehman Akbar, Usama Sajjad

Vision foundation models (VFMs), such as DINOv3, provide rich semantic representations that are promising for computational pathology. However, many current adaptations pair frozen VFMs with lightweight decoders, creating a capacity mismatch that often limits boundary fidelity for infiltrative tumor bulk segmentation. This paper presents Dino-NestedUNet, a f

Gunhee Park, Tomislav Begušić, Si-Jing Du, Johnnie Gray

Tensor network (TN) methods are well established for computing partition functions in statistical mechanics, though this use has traditionally been limited to lattice models. We extend the scope of TN methodology to interacting particle systems in continuous space. Through a real-space discretization combined with a cell-based coarse-graining scheme, we form

Okey Ohanaka, Zi-Wei Lin

We use the Chapman-Enskog method to investigate the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma with a focus on its relation to parton cross sections. We use the recently obtained analytical expression for the shear viscosity $\eta$ of a massless quark-gluon gas at chemical equilibrium with Boltzmann statistics and all $2\leftrightarrow 2$ scatterings with arb

Thiago Assis, Pedro Baptista, Laila Lopes, Diego Ferreira

The performance of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is strongly limited by sparse qubit connectivity. When interactions required by QAOA Hamiltonians are not aligned to the hardware topology, transpilation introduces SWAP gates, increasing circuit depth and noise. We propose a SWAP-free

Chenxu Niu, Yiming Sun

Understanding the geographic reach and community structure of one's scholarly citations is increasingly valuable for career development, grant applications, and collaboration discovery -- yet accessible tools for answering these questions remain scarce. Existing bibliometric platforms either require costly institutional subscriptions or expose only aggregate

Paolo D'Alberto

We analyse three KV cache quantization schemes under a fair bit budget: \textbf{KV} (scalar MSE baseline), \textbf{KQV} (WHT + MSE on $K$; WHT + MSE + QJL on $V$), and \textbf{QKQV} (WHT + MSE + QJL on both). Starting from the Beta distribution on the hypersphere, we trace how QJL on $K$ inflates inner product variance by $\pi/2$, which softmax amplifies non

A. Moharana, J. Southworth, K. Pavlovski, A. Miszuda

$\beta$ Cep stars in eclipsing binary (EB) systems give us an opportunity to put observational constraints on their structure and stellar parameters. We present a comprehensive analysis of the $\beta$ Cep star in the EB V446 Cep, using \textit{TESS} photometry and HERMES spectra. We calculate the stellar and orbital parameters using light curve modelling and

Kevin Pereyra

Several graph decompositions that factorize the determinant of the adjacency matrix isolate a K\H{o}nig-Egerv\'ary part, such as the SD--KE decomposition and the critical independence decomposition of Larson. This suggests that the study of graph unimodularity can be approached, to a large extent, through the structure of K\H{o}nig-Egerv\'ary graphs. In this

John Paul P. Miranda, Rex P. Bringula, Laharni S. Simpao, Jordan L. Salenga

This study investigates the challenges in designing, data collection, and implementation of a web-based Tutoring System (TS) for teaching linear equations within a developing country context. Originally designed as an Android app, the system was redeveloped as a web application to facilitate cross-platform access and data collection. This redesign enabled en

Sreehari Sankar, Aliakbar Nafar, Mona Barman, Hannah K. Heitz

While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for mental health applications, recent studies reveal that they can exhibit stigma toward individuals with psychological conditions. Existing evaluations of this stigma primarily rely on multiple-choice questions (MCQs), which fail to capture the biases embedded within the models' underlying

Yuhma Asano

The IKKT matrix model, which is proposed as a non-perturbative formulation of superstring theory, has an issue typical of zero-dimensional theory -- ambiguity in the definition of its path integral. To tackle this issue, we revisit the path-integral formulation of perturbative string theory. In this article, we review recent progress in the string world-shee

Vanessa B. Sibug, Jan Henry B. Sunga, Emerson Q. Fernando, Roe Vincent S. Ovejas

This study examines the factors that influence the adoption of TikTok as a learning tool for physical education (PE)-related content among tertiary students in the Philippines. The study applies the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT) to assess Information Seeking, Personal Identity, Social Interaction, Entertainment, Pe

O. F. de Alcantara Bonfim

We analyze the dynamics of a quantum particle in a one-dimensional bistable potential within the framework of Bohm's quantum mechanics. We give arguments that evidence the fallacy of certain claims found in the literature dealing with the impossibility of chaotic behavior of Bohmian trajectories in one-dimensional systems. We find that an appropriate choice

Maria Anna D. Cruz, Jeaneth D. Serna, Lloyd D. Feliciano, Mike Haizon M. David

This study examined the barriers and enablers of online instruction in hospitality education. A sequential exploratory design was implemented with hospitality teachers from both public and private higher educational institutions in the Philippines. Thematic analysis of interviews identified four key themes: technological barriers, pedagogical challenges, ins

R. Xu, E. Yachbes, J. Zhang

Our paper studies the setting of players using no-regret algorithms in various two-player games. We address whether having stronger regret guarantees or playing against an opponent with weaker regret guarantees yields higher utilities for the player in question. We consider a hierarchy of algorithms from weakest to strongest: uniform random play, no-regret,

M. Benko, H. Gfrerer, J. J. Ye, J. Zhang

This paper provides second-order optimality conditions for optimization problems with generalized equation constraints (GEPs), a framework that encompasses several important and challenging models in mathematical programming, including mathematical programs with variational inequality constraints (MPVIs) and bilevel programs. The obtained optimality conditio

James Fecanin, Hayley Beltz, John Allen, Thaddeus Komacek

The atmospheres of hot Jupiters lie in a dynamical regime without a solar system analogue. The strongly irradiated daysides reach temperatures sufficiently hot for substantial thermal ionization of atmospheric species, resulting in flows that can interact with the planetary magnetic field. These magnetic effects can significantly impact wind speeds, atmosphe

Jack Weinberg, Narayanan Rengaswamy

To implement quantum algorithms on a quantum computer, we must overcome the twin problems of fault-tolerance -- how can we realize a relatively noiseless computation by cleverly combining noisy components? -- and compilation -- how can we realize an arbitrary quantum algorithm given the basic operations available on the quantum device at hand? We show how tr

Michael Womack

We construct string backgrounds in dimension 2 which connect the Hamilton cigar to the round sphere. Specifically, we construct a 1-parameter family of rotationally symmetric steady gradient Ricci-Yang-Mills solitons on surfaces, where we denote the parameter by $\lambda\in[-2,\infty)$. At $\lambda=-2$ is the Hamilton cigar, for $-2<\lambda<0$ the solitons a

Stan Loosmore

We propose a per-task leverage ratio for human-agent collaboration: human work displaced by an agent, divided by the human time required to specify the task, resolve mid-run interrupts, and review the result. The denominator decomposes into three channels through which a conserved per-task information requirement must flow, each with its own time-cost scalar

Sagnik Chatterjee, Atharva Patil, Sricharan Ramesh

Large Language Models (LLMs) solve many reasoning tasks via chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, but smaller models (about 7 to 8B parameters) still struggle with multi-step reasoning under tight compute and token budgets. Existing test time reasoning methods such as self consistency (sampling multiple rationales and voting), Tree-of-Thoughts (search over inter

James W. G. Doran, Cameron A. Smith, Christian A. Yates, Ruth Bowness

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2023, according to the World Health Organization, it ''probably'' replaced COVID-19 as the leading cause of death from an infectious agent globally; in the nineteenth century, one in seven of all humans deaths were as a result of tuberculosis. More than 10 million

Igor V. Parshin, Igor V. Rubtsov, Alexander L. Burin

Thermal conductivity of aligned polymer molecules can be exceptionally high along the alignment direction due to energy transport through strong covalent bonds. At the same time, it is highly sensitive to molecular conformation, varying by orders of magnitude as a result of gauche kinks. Here, we theoretically investigate phonon transport in kinked polymers

F. J. Beron-Vera

We identify materially defined regions in unsteady two-dimensional flows that combine finite-time contraction with elevated accumulated intrinsic rotation along trajectories, which we term \emph{Lagrangian rotating contracting structures} (LRCS). These regions are detected using existing objective diagnostics -- the Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation (L

Indranil Dey, Kanhu Kishore Nanda, Akashdeep Roy, Deepak Kumar Sharma

We analyse the laws of thermodynamics governing the behaviour of cosmological horizons in de Sitter space and their map to a holographic description at future infinity, $\mathcal{I}^+$. In this case, the boundary can receive signals from two cosmological horizons. We find a universal form for the first law of thermodynamics, valid in general circumstances, w

Jack Clarke, Preslav Asenov, Jesse Smeets, Jia-Shian Wang

Quantum entanglement between gamma-ray photons emitted following electron-positron annihilation is expected to be maximal and may be characterized via non-classical polarization correlations. However, this is difficult to verify experimentally because there are no established schemes that approach ideal projective-polarization measurements for high-energy ph

Aida Khajavirad

We study the problem of minimizing a multivariate polynomial function over the unit hypercube. Exploiting sparsity in the interaction graph or hypergraph, we identify variables that can be restricted to binary values at optimality and eliminate the remaining continuous variables component-wise, reducing the problem to structured binary polynomial optimizatio

Theresia Veronika Rampisela

The evaluation of recommender system fairness has become increasingly important, especially with recent legislation that emphasises the development of fair and responsible artificial intelligence. This has led to the emergence of various fairness evaluation measures, which quantify fairness based on different definitions. However, many of such measures are s

Daneshvar Amrollahi, Jerry Lopez, Clark Barrett

When an LLM formalizes natural language, how do we know the output is faithful? We propose a roundtrip verification approach which does not require ground-truth annotations: formalize a statement, translate the result back to natural language, re-formalize, and use a formal tool to check logical equivalence. When the two formalizations agree, this provides e

Eugene Han, Marahi Perez-Tamayo, Hannah D. Holscher, Ruoqing Zhu

This paper introduces a rectified and renormalized Fisher-Bingham model for compositional data with zeros, motivated in part by the presence of zeros in microbiota studies. The approach represents compositions through a square-root transformation that maps data to the positive orthant of the unit sphere, and models them via a latent Fisher-Bingham followed b

Christian Le Merdy, Safoura Zadeh

Let $M$ be a semifinite von Neumann algebra and $T$ a positive contraction on both $L^1(M)$ and $L^\infty(M)$. We consider ergodic averages along a random sparse subsequence determined by independent Bernoulli variables $(X_n)_{n\geq 1}$ with $\mathbb{P}(X_n = 1) = n^{-\alpha}$, and set $W_N = \sum_{n=1}^N \mathbb{E}[X_n]$. We prove that, almost surely, the

Dhruv Gupta

Recent work revisiting measurability in the fundamental theorem of statistical learning imposes Borel measurability of ghost-gap suprema. We show that, at the one-sided ghost-gap interface actually used by the standard symmetrization proof, this requirement is stronger than necessary. For any Borel-parameterized concept class on a Polish domain, the bad even

Samuel Evans, Meers Oppenheim, Juan Martínez-Sykora, Alexander Green

In the coldest regions of the solar atmosphere, lingering discrepancies between models and observations may be caused by the Thermal Farley-Buneman Instability (TFBI). This meter-scale, electrostatic, collisional, multifluid plasma instability converts energy from neutral flows into turbulent motions and heating. In the neutral frame of reference, these neut

Swayangprabha Shaw, Narayanan Rengaswamy

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes with good parameters are promising candidates for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing, but their non-local stabilizers require long-range connectivity and frequent qubit movement, introducing practical challenges. Prior work has studied the networked implementation of topological codes, where each node

Joseph Lazzaro, Davide Buffelli, Da-shan Shiu, Sattar Vakili

Preference feedback, in the form of pairwise comparisons rather than scalar scores, has seen increasing use in applications such as human-, laboratory-, and expert-in-the-loop design, as well as scientific discovery. We propose a Thompson Sampling (TS) approach to Bayesian optimization with preferential feedback that models comparisons using a monotone link

Md. Enamul Hoq, Wataru Uegami, Saghir Alfasly, Ghazal Alabtah

Generative vision-language models can produce fluent medical image captions but remain prone to hallucination, over-specific diagnostic claims, and factual inconsistency-serious issues in pathology. We investigate retrieval-guided generation (RGG) as a safer alternative, where captions are formed by summarizing expert text from visually similar cases rather

Mohammad Ghomi, Joseph Ansel Hoisington, Matteo Raffaelli, John Ioannis Stavroulakis

We show that closed surfaces with minimal total absolute curvature in Cartan-Hadamard 3-manifolds bound flat convex bodies. This generalizes Chern-Lashof's theorem for surfaces in Euclidean space and solves a problem posed by Gromov in 1985. Our proof is based on an isometric embedding construction via holonomy, and uses Pogorelov's theory of surfaces with b

Yaw Osei Adjei

Accurate predictions of smallholder maize yields across national boundaries are critical for food security planning in sub-Saharan Africa, yet most published benchmarks report within-country performance that overstates true generalisability. This paper evaluates whether geospatial foundation model embeddings, specifically Prithvi-EO-1.0-100M and ViT-Base, ou

Heath Pearson

We prove the Mukai conjecture on the characterisation of products of projective spaces among Fano varieties for a class of locally factorial Fano varieties defined in terms of their Cox rings. The Fano varieties of this class are characterised in terms of the property that they admit an embedding into a smooth projective toric variety via the bunched ring th

Mohammad Al-Ratrout, Pavan Uttej Ravva, Shayla Sharmin, Aditya Raikwar

When multiple people share a single voice assistant, the system conflates their histories: one resident's preferences can leak into another's responses, eroding utility and trust. We call this failure mode persona confusion, and we show it is a measurable problem in today's single-user dialogue systems when deployed in shared environments. We present the Ada

Dmitry B. Rokhlin, Georgiy A. Karapetyants

We study online regression with the square loss in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space under a dynamic regret criterion. The learner is compared with a time-varying comparator sequence, and the bounds depend on its path length in the RKHS norm. The proposed method transfers the finite-dimensional discounted Vovk--Azoury--Warmuth approach of Jacobsen \& Cutkos

Edward Hirst

Neural architectures trained with losses inspired by differential conditions are the basis for PINN models. Since many constructions in differential geometry may be framed as minimisation of a differential functional, these functionals can be coded as loss functions to align the AI loss-minimisation goal with that of solving the geometric problem. This contr