Addressing position anomalies in the Strong Gravitational Lensing System HS~0810+2554 through Dark Matter Subhalos

Abstract

Self-bounded dark matter (DM) subhalos are predicted to populate galactic halos in great abundance in the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) scenario. These substructures can leave observable imprints in strong gravitational lensing and have shown the ability to account for flux-ratio and position anomalies in multiply imaged systems. In this paper, we utilize the DM subhalos to address the image position anomalies of the two radio quads of HS 0810+2554 observed with the Very Long Baseline Interferometry. We model the lens using an elliptical power-law macro-lens supplemented by a population of CDM subhalos from numerical simulations and perform a dual-source reconstruction to fit all eight radio images simultaneously. We find that subhalos below $10^{6}M_\odot$ induce astrometric shifts smaller than the measurement uncertainties, whereas more massive subhalos naturally generate the required milliarcsecond perturbations without significantly altering the global lens configuration. Including CDM subhalos improves the fit from $χ^2=60.38$ for the pure macro-lens to $χ^2=1.61$. Our results show that the position anomalies of HS~0810+2554 can be explained within the CDM framework and do not by themselves necessarily require non-standard scenarios like fuzzy DM or angular complexity in the macro-lens. Instead, they provide a sharp and testable manifestation of the subhalo population predicted by CDM.