Search for Majorana Bound States in Short Chains of Proxmitised Quantum Dots

Abstract

Majorana zero modes (MZM) appearing at the ends of artificially created one-dimensional p-wave superconductors have been intensively studied recently both theoretically and experimentally. Among possible platforms, proximitised semiconducting wires, and short chains of quantum dots with a superconductor in between were investigated. Here, we propose a different platform consisting of a chain of quantum dots (QDs) sandwiched between an s-wave superconductor and a strong spin-orbit semiconductor, subject to a Zeeman magnetic field. Neglecting spin-conserving hopping processes between QDs and local on-dot superconducting correlations induced by the superconducting proximity effect, reduces the Hamiltonian to the sum of two equivalent Hamiltonians with two independent Hilbert spaces. The resulting model has a staggered structure due to spin-flipping processes $t_{so}$ and cross-Andreev reflections $Δ_{CAR}$ between neighbouring dots. Our central result is the phase diagram of a short chain consisting of four QDs and coupled to two external reservoirs, obtained by means of the Green function in chiral Majorana representation. The modulus of the retarded Green function, probing the whole chain and calculated for zero energy, is shown to contain information on topology and spatial character of Majorana zero modes. The features observed in the Green function nicely agree with those obtained from the transfer matrix approach. In particular the region in parameter space in which Majorana zero modes display oscillatory wave functions are well reproduced. Likewise the borders of the fermion parity changes obtained by the Green function agree with those obtained by other means.